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Results for “Government Programs”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

A cost-effectiveness analysis of strategies to reduce infant mortality.

This study compares the cost effectiveness of various health inputs and government programs in reducing race-specific neonatal mortality or death in the first 27 days of life. Approximately two thirds of all infant deaths occur within this period. The programs and inputs at issue are teenage family planning use; the supplemental food program for women, infants, and children (WIC); use of community health centers and maternal and infant care projects; abortion; prenatal care; and neonatal intensive care. Using an economic model of the family as the analytic framework, effectiveness is determined by using ordinary least squares and two-stage least squares to estimate infant health production functions across large counties in the United States in 1977. Estimates of costs are from a number of published sources. We find the early initiation of prenatal care to be the most cost-effective means of reducing the neonatal mortality rate for blacks and whites. Moreover, blacks benefit more per dollar of input use than whites. Neonatal intensive care, although the most effective means of reducing neonatal mortality rates, is one of the least cost-effective strategies.

Child Health Services↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Negative growth effectors and cellular senescence.

Current studies suggest a genetic program governs the lifespan of each organism. Using cellular senescence as a model system, components of this program for aging have been sought. Human diploid fibroblasts, upon reaching senescence, express active inhibitors of DNA synthesis. It is believed that such inhibitors could be members of a new family of negative growth effectors involved in the pathway to senescence. Factors capable of inhibiting DNA synthesis in a similar manner have also been identified from human quiescent fibroblasts and liver cells as well as from quiescent rodent liver cells. The relationship of these inhibitors to previously identified negative growth effectors and aging are discussed.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

Radon risk information and voluntary protection: evidence from a natural experiment.

This study examines the perceived risks and mitigating behavior of Maine households who received new information on their exposures to significant health risks from indoor radon. The observed responses of these households illustrate conceptual issues related to designing an effective risk information program. Despite the involvement of generally well-motivated homeowners and well-intentioned researchers and government officials, we conclude that the risk information approach used in Maine failed to induce appropriate, cost-effective voluntary protection. The results indicate that, after receiving radon test results, information on associated health risks, and suggestions on how to reduce exposures: perceived risks tended to understate objective risks by orders of magnitude, and there was no statistically significant relationship between mitigating behavior and objective risks. These results suggest that the formation of risk perceptions and subsequent behavioral adjustments involve complex interactions among information, contextual, socioeconomic, and psychological variables. Therefore, government programs that seek to reduce health and safety risks with information programs, instead of using more conventional enforced standards, must be crafted very carefully to accommodate this complex process.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Population explosion and population control programmes in Bangladesh: an overview.

"The authors discuss in detail efforts made by [the] Bangladesh Government to control its population through planned efforts since 1953. Covering persistent setbacks and reasons thereof in governmental efforts, the authors highlight shifts in policies and strategy.... The [government family planning] programme provides a wide range of contraceptive choice to eligible couples in a manner as acceptable and convenient as possible to the client. The programme is totally voluntary and the government is firmly opposed to coercion or pressure on couples to accept contraception. As a strategy, the programme has integrated health and [family planning] while various ministries have attempted to encourage the acceptance of low-fertility behaviour through socio-economic incentives and educational motivation programmes."

Asia↗

PubMed1996