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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Experimental study of the hepatotoxic effect of toluol. II. Electron microscopic and electron histochemical studies].

The hepatotoxic effect of the analitically pure toluol and a toluol neing used in the Chemical Factory "Tiszai" was investigated. Single toxic and various subtoxic doses of toluol were administered intraperitoneally and subeutaneously to male rats of CFY. The liver of the animals was investigated by the aid of electron microscope. It was established that large doses of toluol lead to the decrease of glycogen content and increase of the number of mitochondria in the hepatic cells. Numerous dividing mitochondria were also observed, with a great deal of matrix graules. Electronhistochemical demonstration of the activity of succinic-dehydrogenase does not reveal any difference between the liver of experimental and control animals. As an effect of small doses of toluol degenerative changes-enlargement of the cysternae of the endoplasmatic reticulum, separation of ribosomes, increase of the number of autophag-vacuola-could be seen. The degenerative changes occurred only in a part of the hepatic cells which appeared to be distributed randomly in the liver lobules. Authors assume that lesions revealed are of reversible type.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Histochemical demonstration of the effect of partial hepatectomy on the rat liver enzyme activity of 3 alpha-, 17beta-hydroxisteroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.

The dynamics of the partial hepatectomy effect on the activity of 3alpha-HSD, 17beta-HSD and G-6-PD in rat liver has been followed by means of histochemical methods. In all stages of the investigation the 3alpha-HSD and G-6-PD did not show any deviation from the normal histologic findings in the sham-operated control animals. The reaction for 17beta-HSD decreased abruptly and more or less approximately evenly in the liver cells of the hepatectomized animals as early as in the 24th h after operation. That went on until the 48th h. During the 72nd, 96th and 120th h a certain increase of the 17beta-HSD activity was established. On the 8th day the intensity of the histochemical reaction was identic with that in the liver cells of control animals. The histochemical changes of the 17beta-HSD enzyme activity coincide fully in time, strength and direction with the rate of liver regeneration. During the first 2 days after partial hepatectomy, during the rapid mitotic division and loss of the highly specialized function of the hepatic cells, the activity of the 17beta-HSD enzyme greatly decreases, probably in connection with the involvement of cell proteins in the synthesis of new structures. When the regeneration rate diminishes, about the 5th to 8th day, the liver cells gradually return to a quiet ("differentiated") state, regenerate their enzyme systems (17beta-HSD) and renew the normal function of metabolizing steroid hormones.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Neurochemical and histochemical studies of the effect of a lesion of the nucleus cuneiformis on the cholinergic innervation of discrete areas of the rat brain.

The innervation sites of the dorsal tegmental acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-containing pathway were examined in rats by combining histochemical and biochemical techniques. A lesion was placed in the nucleus cuneiformis (midbrain reticular formation) and brains were examined after 4 days survival for changes in AChE staining and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in discrete brain areas. An ipsilateral projection appears to exist to the anterior thalamic nuclei, lateral portion of the medial thalamic nucleus, parafascicular nucleus, pretectal nucleus, posterior thalamic nucleus, and deep layers of the superior colliculus. A possible bilateral innervation to the reticular nucleus of the thalamus and the dorsal and ventral lateral geniculates was found. The parallel use of AChE histochemistry and measurements of ChAT activity in discrete nuclei will be useful for future evaluation of cholinergic pathways.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1978

A histochemical study on the effects of photoperiod on gonadal and adrenal function in the male bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus).

NADH- and NADPH-diaphorases, 3alpha-, delta5-3beta-, 11beta- and 17beta-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenases (HSD) and lipids were studied histochemically in the testes and adrenals of male bank voles kept in a long (16L:8D) or a short (8L:16D) photoperiod (Groups L and S, respectively). At 67 days of age the Group L males were heavier and had active and significantly larger testes than Group S males. The testes of Group S males were regressed and were also significantly smaller than those of 18-day-old animals born and reared in a 18L:6D photoperiod. Lipid droplets were detected in the Leydig cells and intratubular spaces in the testes of Group L animals, but were absent from those of Group S voles. The adrenal cortex of the Group L animals was virtually devoid of lipids, but large lipid inclusions were present in the basal zona fasciculata of the Group S voles. In the Group L testes the diaphorase activities were more intense and the difference in enzymic activity between the seminiferous epithelium and the Leydig cells was more pronounced (especially for NADH-diaphorase) than that in the testes of Group S animals. Moreover, the 3alpha-- and delta5-3beta-HSD activities were much stronger in the testes of sexually active animals; 17beta-HSD activity was present in the Leydig cells of the active testes, and absent in the regressed testes. There was no marked difference between the two groups of animals with regard to the distribution or intensity of diaphorases, 3alpha-, delta5-3beta-, 11beta- or 17beta-HSD in the adrenal cortex. It is concluded that a decline in steroid synthesis occurs in the testes of voles kept in a short photoperiod. The large lipid inclusions observed in the adrenal cortex of such animals suggest decreased corticosteroid synthesis and/or secretion.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1981

A histochemical study of the effect of danazol and oestradiol-17 beta on steroidogenic activity in testis and epididymis of the gerbil, Tatera indica.

Danazol (4 mg/day/animal) and oestradiol-17 beta (100 microgram/day/animal) were administered subcutaneously for 22 and 15 days respectively. The testis and epididymis were histochemically analysed for steroid dehydrogenases, NADH-diaphorase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity and lipids. Both steroids significantly reduced the weights of the testis and other accessory reproductive organs. The activities of delta 5-3 beta- and 17 beta-HSD were markedly reduced in the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial cells of the testis. Sudanophilic lipids accumulated in the seminiferous tubules and the interstitium. Oestradiol generally had a greater effect than did danazol, but both probably affect the testicular function by inhibiting steroidogenesis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Effects of denervation and tenotomy on the gastrocnemius muscle in the frog: a histologic and histochemical study.

The effects of denervation on the gastrocnemius muscle of the frog were studied by histologic and histochemical methods. Thirteen Rana pipiens underwent unilateral sciatic neurotomy and were sacrificed weekly as long as 46 days. Of the three normal populations of muscle fibers, the small fibers underwent atrophy, the intermediate sized fibers remained unchanged in size, and the large fibers either did not change or underwent hypertrophy between 21 and 46 days. Necrosis of muscle fibers did not occur. Histochemical stains showed persistence of the normal pattern after denervation. The small fibers continued to have a high concentration of both oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity (NADH-TR, SDH, phosphorylase), and the large fibers continued to have a low concentration of these enzymes. Depletion of glycogen stores was seen with PAS. Hypertrophic muscle fibers had mostly subsarcolemmal nuclei and few internal nuclei, suggesting that they may be physiologically tonic rather than twitch fibers. Achilles tenotomy at the time of denervation prevented the hypertrophy of large fibers. Abnormal inclusions have been demonstrated in mammalian muscle following tenotomy alone, but were not seen in the frog.

Achilles Tendon↗
PubMed1979

Enzyme histochemical, biochemical and metabolic effects of Solcoseryl in connection with its radioprotective capability.

The lethal irradiation with gamma-rays (LD 100/30) of adult mice at ambient temperature of 32.5 degrees C heavily alterates the pattern of LDH in liver. In close correspondence with the radioprotective effect of Solcoseryl on the survival rate of irradiated mice -- which amounts to 100% as compared with 40% survival of solely heat adapted animals -- Solcoseryl normalizes the LDH distribution both histochemically and biochemically. Since Solcoseryl alone generally enhances enzyme activity the normalization observed is obviously attributable to an intrinsically regulatory property of this natural compound.

Actihaemyl↗
PubMed1992

Protective effect of zinc acexamate on experimental gastric ulcers: a histochemical study.

The antiulcerogenic effect of zinc acexamate on gastric ulcers induced by reserpine and changes in the morphology of gastric mucosa were studied in rats by histochemical methods. Histochemistry revealed that zinc acexamate preserved reserpine-depleted neutral and acid glycoproteins. ATPase reaction remained strong in nearly normal periglandular capillaries. The reaction intensity of SDH and NADH2-tetrazolium reductase, and the number and size of the DH-positive parietal cells were decreased, illustrating the decline of energy metabolism involved in acid secretion. The decreased height and weaker staining of the pyroninophile chief cell layer corresponded to the lower amount of RNA, an indirect indicator of pepsinogen synthesis. The significant correlation indices "r" between the severity of gastric lesions and histochemical parameters of the defensive (glycoproteins and microvascular ATPase) and aggressive factors (parietal cell DH and chief cell RNA) confirmed the pathogenic effect of reserpine and the protection provided by zinc acexamate. These findings confirm the multifactorial mechanism of action described for zinc acexamate in several previous works.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1996

Effect of age on physiologic and mechanically stressed rat alveolar bone: a cytologic and histochemical study.

The effect of age on physiologic and mechanically stressed rat alveolar bone was assessed with special focus on bone formation and resorption in maxillary molar sections of 1-, 4-, 9-, 16-, and 24-month-old male Fischer rats. Tetracycline- and calcein-labeled undecalcified sections were used for observation by confocal laser scanning microscopy and contact microradiography. The localization of osteoclasts and the morphological change of osteoblasts were observed on decalcified sections. Mechanical stress was applied by an orthodontic elastic inserted between the first and second maxillary molars for 7 days. Results showed that bone-formative activity of osteoblasts and bone-resorptive activity of osteoclasts declined with age around the maxillary molar section of physiologic rat alveolar bone. However, results of mechanically stressed rat alveolar bone revealed no evidence of numerical difference in number, size, and activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts among the ages, suggesting that mechanical stress provokes a higher activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts similarly in both adult and younger rat alveolar bone.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1985

Fluorescence histochemical studies of the effects of rauwolfia alkaloid derivatives on adrenergic vasomotor nerves.

Experiments were performed to explore the influence of two rauwolfia alkaloid derivatives, rescinnamine and syrosingopine, on noradrenaline at the sympathetic nerve-endings by delineating the localization of noradrenaline in the walls of femoral artery and abdominal aorta of rats treated with these agents compared to reserpine, using the fluorescence histochemical technique. Noradrenaline-containing nerve fibers emitting an intense yellowish-green fluorescence were demonstrated circumjacent internally to the adventitial smooth muscle layer of the femoral artery in both normal rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). In both normal rats and SHR, treatment with rescinnamine or syrosingopine in an oral dose of 5 mg/kg caused essentially the same degree of depletion of the noradrenaline fluorescence localized subjacent to the adventitial smooth musculature of the femoral artery, as did that with 5 mg/kg of reserpine. The noradrenaline fluorescence vanished completely following treatment of rats with 15 mg/kg of rescinnamine or 30 mg/kg of syrosingopine. Noradrenaline-containing nerve fibers showing yellowish-green fluorescence were observed distributed subjacent to the entire internal circumference of the adventitial smooth muscle layer of the abdominal aorta in both the normal rats and SHR. In response to oral administration of rescinnamine or syrosingopine in a dose of 5 mg/kg, both normal and SHR rats showed a diminution of the noradrenaline fluorescence in the region of adventitial smooth musculature of abdominal aorta equivalent to that evoked by 5 mg/kg of reserpine. Treatment with 15 mg/kg of rescinnamine or 30 mg/kg of syrosingopine resulted in a complete disappearance of noradrenaline fluorescence in that region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenergic Fibers↗
PubMed1994

Biochemical and histochemical studies of the effects of cerebral metabolism-improving drugs on NADPH diaphorase activity in mouse brain.

The effects of cerebral metabolism-improving drugs on NADPH diaphorase activity in the mouse brain were studied, and we found that diaphorase activity in the post-mitochondrial fraction of brain homogenate was enhanced by idebenone in a concentration-dependent manner. Histochemical studies also indicated that diaphorase staining was intensified by idebenone at the same concentration. These results suggest that idebenone may stimulate the production of nitric oxide, probably through its direct action on nitric oxide synthase, thus producing its protective action on neurological disorders due to cerebral hypoxia or ischemia as a consequence of dilating the cerebral blood vessels.

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases↗