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PubMed2001

Intervention in compulsive hoarding. A case study.

Historically, the compulsive hoarding of possessions has been examined in the context of other obsessive-compulsive disorders. More recently, researchers have begun to explore compulsive hoarding as a separate and distinct syndrome. The cognitive behavioral model proposed by Frost and Hartl suggests that deficits in information processing, emotional attachment problems, behavioral avoidance, and beliefs about the nature of possessions are important components in understanding compulsive hoarding. This article presents a case study of a successful intervention with a compulsive hoarder that addresses each of the components proposed in the model. Implications for future interventions are discussed.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

["Refuse hoarding syndrome"].

OBJECTIVE: The "litter hoarding syndrome" is described only occasionally during the past decades. It seems to be rather unknown in the psychiatric literature. In the course of the syndrome the patients gather more and more litter in their homes until it becomes unhabitable. Physicians and social psychiatric services are often confronted with this manifestation of a psychiatric illness. METHODS: Because of the dramatic development, the extent and the specific circumstances this paper reports case of a young female patient with the litter hoarding syndrome. RESULTS: The term "litter hoarding syndrome" was first coined by Dettmering [3] during a lecture on 25.1.1984 in the Psychiatric Clinic of the Eppendorf University Hospital in Hamburg. In 1985 Klosterkötter et al. [7] described the "diogenes syndrome" which offered some nosological similarities. With the exception of this publications an the PhD thesis by Pastenaci [11] only a few reports have been published during the last 28 years throughout the world and no epidemiological data about the syndrome can be found. CONCLUSION: Based on this case some ideas about differential diagnosis and syndrome classification shall be presented.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Drug hoarding in a rural community in Israel. Results of a pilot epidemiologic investigation.

The total quantity of drugs hoarded in a rural village in Israel was established as a result of a comprehensive house-to-house search. In 43 of the 44 houses in the village, hoarded drugs were found. The average number of different drugs found per household was 15.5 and the median number, 9.5. Analgesic and antipyretic drugs, topical skin preparations and antibiotics were found most frequently among a total of 166 identifiable medicines. The drugs found included 5,998 tablets and capsules, 3,327 ml of liquid preparations, 1,290 g of creams and powders and 369 suppositories and pessaries. These findings are discussed in relation to the drug expenditure of the largest Israel health insurance fund, the serious health hazards which they present, and their possible relevance to the total Israel population. The possibility of a "hoarding-prone" personality is raised.

Analgesics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hunger versus hoarding and body weight in rats.

The present study revealed that the rats kept on two hour meal schedule hoarded large quantity of food as compared to their hoarding score when kept on food ad lib. Body weights were maintained even though the food intake was slightly reduced. Hunger seems to a stronger drive for hoarding.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Seasonal changes in neuron numbers in the hippocampal formation of a food-hoarding bird: the black-capped chickadee.

The volume of the hippocampal formation (HF) in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) varies across the seasons, in parallel with the seasonal cycle in food hoarding. In this study, we estimate cell density and total cell number in the HF across seasons in both juveniles and adults. We find that the seasonal variation in volume is due to an increase in the number of small and large cells (principally neurons) in the fall. Adults also have lower neuron densities than juveniles. Both juveniles and adults show an increase in cell density in the rostral part of the HF in August and a subsequent decrease toward October. This suggests that the net cell addition to the HF may already start in August. We discuss the implications of this early start with respect to the possibility that the seasonal change in HF volume is driven by the experience of food hoarding. We also speculate on the functional significance of the addition of neurons to the HF in the fall.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1989

Teaching socially appropriate behavior to eliminate hoarding in a brain injured adult.

A brain injured male hoarded large quantities of unuseable items at every opportunity. The treatment consisted of two phases. First, he was taught to collect baseball cards. Second, after each meal, the client was provided with an apron and a glove and asked to pick up trash in the area and deposit the trash in an appropriate receptacle. If he hoarded, he was told not to pick up trash without his apron and glove and escorted to a quiet area for about 10 seconds. The procedure was successful in suppressing the behavior within 8 days.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Reinnervation of the nucleus accumbens and frontal cortex of the rat by dopaminergic grafts and effects on hoarding behavior.

Embryonic dopaminergic neurons were implanted in the form of a cellular suspension in the nucleus accumbens previously deprived of its dopaminergic innervation by a local injection of 6-hydroxydopamine. The graft provided a dopaminergic reinnervation to the nucleus accumbens, the anteromedial striatum, the anteromedial frontal cortex and also, in some cases, of the septum. The pattern of reinnervation was specific for each structure and similar to the innervation provided by mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic neurons to these same structures in the normal animal. The graft restored the locomotor stimulatory action of amphetamine which was abolished in the lesioned controls. Hoarding behavior, which was disrupted following the lesion, was not reinstated by the graft alone. However, if the grafted neurons were stimulated by a small dose (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) of (+)-amphetamine, hoarding reappeared in the grafted animals, while the same dose of amphetamine had no effect in the lesioned controls.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Differential opiate influences on food hoarding and intake in the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus.

The feeding behavior of the deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, includes food hoarding as well as ingestion. In this animal the mu opiate agonist, morphine, and the kappa opiate agonist, U-50, 488H, selectively stimulate food hoarding and ingestion, respectively. This suggests that mu and kappa opiate systems may differentially mediate primary components of natural feeding behavior.

3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cycloh↗

PubMed2005

Relationships among compulsive hoarding, trauma, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

The current study investigated aspects of post-traumatic stress disorder and attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among hoarders. Compared to a sample of 36 controls, hoarders (n=26) reported a significantly greater number of different types of trauma, more frequent traumatic experiences, more symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and greater comfort derived from possessions. These findings are consistent with previous reports of extensive comorbidity associated with hoarding behaviors, and may reflect the potential usefulness of assessing PTSD and ADHD symptoms at the outset of hoarding treatments, as well as considering alternative pharmacological interventions.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1998

The effects of excitotoxic lesion of the medial prefrontal cortex on latent inhibition, prepulse inhibition, food hoarding, elevated plus maze, active avoidance and locomotor activity in the rat.

Latent inhibition is a measure of retarded conditioning to a previously presented nonreinforced stimulus that is impaired in schizophrenic patients and in rats treated with amphetamine. In terms of neural substrates, latent inhibition depends on the integrity of the nucleus accumbens and the inputs to this structure from the hippocampal formation and adjacent cortical areas. Since another major source of input to the nucleus accumbens is the medial prefrontal cortex, and there are numerous demonstrations that manipulations of this region can modify ventral striatal dopamine, we investigated the effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate lesion to the medial prefrontal cortex on latent inhibition, assessed in an off-baseline conditioned emotional response procedure in rats licking for water. In addition, the effects of the medial prefrontal cortex lesion were assessed on a battery of tasks potentially sensitive to medial prefrontal cortex damage, including spontaneous and amphetamine-induced activity, elevated plus maze exploration, food hoarding, prepulse inhibition, and active avoidance. The lesion decreased hoarding behaviour and increased spontaneous exploratory activity in the open field, while exerting only mild effects on amphetamine-induced activity. Prepulse inhibition, exploration of the elevated plus maze, and the acquisition of two-way active avoidance were unaffected by the lesion. Likewise, latent inhibition was left intact following the lesion, suggesting that neither the destruction of the intrinsic cells of the medial prefrontal cortex nor any potential lesion-induced changes in subcortical dopamine, affect latent inhibition.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed2003

Quinolizidine alkaloids in Ormosia arborea seeds inhibit predation but not hoarding by agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina).

Quinolizidine alkaloids (QAs) are secondary compounds found in seeds of many species of plants, possibly protecting them against pathogens and seed predators. QAs were isolated from Ormosia arborea seeds and bioassayed against red-rumped agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina, Rodentia: Caviomorpha) to verify if they inhibit seed predation and food hoarding (seed dispersal). Three treatments were used: (1) seeds of O. arborea, (2) palatable seeds of Mimusops coriacea (Sapotaceae) treated with MeOH, and (3) seeds of M. coriacea treated with QAs dissolved in MeOH in similar concentration to that present in O. arborea. Palatable seeds were significantly more preyed upon than seeds treated with QAs and Ormosia seeds, but QAs did not influence hoarding behavior. QAs in O. arborea may have a strong effect in avoiding seed predation by rodents, without reducing dispersal.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1989

Influence of the mesocortical dopaminergic system on activity, food hoarding, social-agonistic behavior, and spatial delayed alternation in male rats.

In order to assess the behavioral role of the dopaminergic mesocortical input to the prefrontal cortex, bilateral lesions were made in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). The possibility of a functional recovery by the administration of a dopamine agonist was examined. General activity, food hoarding, social-agonistic behavior, and spatial delayed alternation performance were recorded in rats with VTA lesions and in sham-operated animals. In the open field animals with VTA lesions were more active but showed less anxiety. Food hoarding was impaired. In dyadic interactions with sham-operated opponents, VTA rats were socially more active, whereas sham operates performed more keeping down and aggressive grooming. This behavioral deficit was partially recovered when apomorphine was administered prior to testing. VTA animals were impaired in the performance of a spatial delayed alternation task with an intertrial interval of 15 s, whereas no impairment was found with a 0-s intertrial interval. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.

Aggression↗

PubMed1984

Hoarding in anorexia nervosa.

A case study of hoarding in a woman with anorexia nervosa is reported. Obsessional and borderline personality characteristics, exacerbated by starvation, may be determinants of hoarding in anorexia nervosa.

Adult↗

PubMed1967

Lateral hypothalamus: hoarding behavior elicited by electrical stimulation.

Electrical stimulation of those points in the lateral hypothalamic area of the brain that promote feeding, but not of other points, elicited intense hoarding activity in satiated rats, similar to that produced by long-term food deprivation. This result suggests that hoarding of food is organized by a hypothalamic drive mechanism sensitive to the efflects of long-term nutritional depletion.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

'The bowerbird symptom': a case of severe hoarding of possessions.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a severe case of hoarding of possessions in a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder. CLINICAL PICTURE: A 22-year-old male presented with a history from early childhood of persistent collecting of valueless objects and the inability to give up possessions. He had significant insight but ambivalent feelings about changing his behaviour, despite the degree of disruption it produced in his environment. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Attempts to engage the patient in treatment were unsuccessful because of the patient's ambivalence towards change. CONCLUSIONS: The symptom of hoarding behaviour may be a severe and disruptive expression of psychiatric distress, and in obsessive-compulsive disorder it is likely to indicate a poor prognosis due to the difficulties of engaging the patient in treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Hoarding and treatment response in 38 nondepressed subjects with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The authors studied factors associated with short-term treatment response in 38 nondepressed subjects with DSM-III-R obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD: The subjects completed 12 weeks of treatment with paroxetine (N = 20), placebo (N = 8), or cognitive-behavioral therapy (N = 10). Clinician and self-rated measures were gathered at baseline, during treatment, and after treatment. RESULTS: Seventeen (45%) subjects had "much" or "very much" improvement and achieved at least a 40% decrease in their total Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) score. Responders had lower obsessive-compulsive scores on the Symptom Checklist 90-Revised, had a lower checking score on the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, were less likely to have had prior drug therapy, and in general suffered more obsessive-compulsive symptoms. They were significantly less likely to have hoarding obsessions and corresponding compulsions. The latter finding was confirmed using multiple regression analysis. CONCLUSION: Hoarding is an important symptom that predicts poor treatment response in patients with OCD.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Role of acetylcholine and dopamine in dorsal hippocampus on hoarding behavior in rats.

The probable roles of Acetylcholine (Ach) and Dopamine (DA) in the modulation of instinctual behaviors of feeding and hoarding (HS), as also the body weight and vaginal cyclicity (EI), were studied by instillation of Atropine (Ach antagonist), Haloperidol (DA antagonist) and Apomorphine (DA agonist) in the dorsal hippocampus of nonpregnant female rats. It was observed that the HS was significantly decreased with both Atropine and haloperidol and increased with Apomorphine, although the food intake was decreased with the three chemicals. It appears that action of both Ach and DA on the dorsal hippocampus has a positive influence on hoarding behavior.

Acetylcholine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Measure of motivational drive for hoarding in laboratory rats.

The drive for hoarding food pellets was studied in adult female rats kept on restricted food schedule, by using varying current strength applied through the metal grid. It was observed that the rats maintained higher hoarding score at proestrus and lowest at diestrus at all strengths of currents used in the experiment indicating stronger drive at proestrus.

Animals↗