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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Strengthening child compliance through positive parenting practices: what works?

Examined the laboratory playroom behavior of 36 normal mother-child dyads during a competitive game in which the mothers gave periodic instructions to their children. The dyads were equally divided into a control group, and two experimental groups in which mothers were taught to use positive parenting in the form of mirroring or praise. The game activity was videotaped and observers coded rates of child compliance, maternal instructions, mirroring and praise, and the mothers' overall responsiveness to their children's full repertoire of behaviors. After the game, mothers and children were interviewed separately to assess their satisfaction with the game interaction. Results showed higher percentages of child compliance and higher ratings of dyadic satisfaction for the experimental groups. However, maternal responsiveness proved to be the only significant predictor of these dependent measures, suggesting that mirroring and praise are specific markers for a more complex parenting process. Implications of these results for parenting practices and parent training are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1974

Reading-related behavior in an open classroom: effects of novelty and modelling on preschoolers.

Eight preschool children were exposed initially to an unstructured (open) classroom in which, among other objects, a dozen different books were continuously available. Samples of the subjects' behavior over several weeks documented a very low frequency of reading-related activity (attention to books). Introduction of novel books into the classroom increased some children's reading-related behavior, but adults who modelled reading by reading aloud produced larger and more stable increases of such behavior. There was also a relative increase in frequency of independent and a relative decrease in mutual-peer reading-related activity, possibly as a result of modelling. The study calls attention to the need to evaluate the open-classroom setting in a manner compatible with the experimental analysis of behavior in other applied settings-a manner that is also consistent with the real aims of open education.

Aptitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Assertiveness training using rehearsal and modeling with male alcoholics.

Two different forms of an assertiveness training program were designed for use in an inpatient ward at a VA hospital. Alcoholic subjects were pretested on self-report, behavioral and unobtrusive measures of assertiveness, and randomly assigned to one of three conditions: rehearsal group, modeling group, or discussion control group. Six 1-h group assertiveness training sessions were held over a 2-week period. On completion of the assertiveness training, trained subjects scored significantly higher on the measures of assertiveness than did controls; they also received more regular (vs irregular) discharges from the hospital. These alcoholic patients responded best to a treatment based on rehearsal. At a 2-month follow-up interview from date of discharge from the hospital, assertiveness trained subjects reported less drinking and more abstinent days than controls, though the differences were not statistically significant. Collateral report of subject behaviors generally agreed highly with subject report though collaterals gave slightly less favorable reports. Results were discussed in terms of the problems in conducting follow-up research and in terms of application to alcoholism treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Peer group influence as a factor in smoking behavior of adolescents.

Adolescents, as the fastest growing group of smokers, have been a focus and concern of health educators and researchers. Adolescent smoking is of particular interest because initiation and early habits are known to have important implications for lifetime smoking or cessation. Despite the well-known centrality of the peer group in adolescent behavior, smoking cessation programs have been largely directed toward individuals rather than groups, with emphasis on encouraging the individual to say "no." In this paper, smoking behavior and peer group patterns among a sample of 1,689 Grade 8 students from southern Ontario were analyzed to ascertain possible patterns of indirect influence by friends and acquaintances. Gender differences also were assessed. It was found that peer groups are crucially important in the initiation of smoking among young adolescents, particularly females. The patterns of indirect peer influence on girls is such that girls are less likely to stop smoking once they have begun than are boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Introduction of Goldstein therapies for disadvantaged clients in the Netherlands].

In Limburg, Netherlands, a project is going on aiming to implement lower class-linked skill-therapies into the regional mental health services. This article elucidates: the poor relationship that exists between contemporary psychotherapy and the lower class clients; various efforts that have been attempted to solve this problem; the basic elements of Goldstein's 'structured learning therapy'; activities and results of the Dutch 'Goldsteinproject'.

Assertiveness↗
PubMed1984

Verbal rationales and modeling as adjuncts to a parenting technique for child compliance.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effectiveness of a behavioral parenting technique with children in 2 age groups (3-4 1/2 or 5 1/2-7 1/2 years) is facilitated by introducing the procedure to the child by verbal rationales and/or modeling adjuncts. Mothers were taught to implement a procedure in which they ignored their children following child noncompliance to a maternal command. 80 mother-child pairs were assigned to 1 of 4 conditions: ignoring training, ignoring plus verbal rationale, ignoring plus verbal rationale and modeling, or control. Each mother issued a set of 20 standard commands to her child in a laboratory playroom. Dependent measures included observations of child compliance and inappropriate behavior and self-report of parental satisfaction and child comprehension. Children in the rationale and rationale-plus-modeling conditions were more compliant and less inappropriate than children in either of the other 2 conditions, and their mothers reported greater satisfaction than mothers in the ignoring condition. Older children were more compliant, were quicker to comply, and demonstrated a greater comprehension of the contingencies than younger children. There was no differential responsivity in either age group between the rationale and rationale-plus-modeling adjuncts.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

[The influence of perceived mother model attitudes on children's aggressive or prosocial behavior].

The present experiment was to examine the influence of perceived attitudes of mother models on preschool children's aggressive or prosocial behavior. Based on the score of CCP (children's cognition of parents) Test, sixty four-year-olds were selected and then modeling sessions were administered to them. Their mothers and kindergarten teachers were asked to answer a questionnaire on aggression and altruism of children in daily life situations. Mothers were also required to make self-ratings on their aggression, altruism and rearing attitudes. The following results were obtained. Boys who perceived being rejected by their mothers displayed less imitative aggressive behaviors than other boys and they showed significantly more extrapunitive responses in the P-F Study. No relationships were found between children's modeling behaviors and their aggression or altruism. Children's aggression at kindergarten correlated positively with their aggression at home and with their mother's aggression. It was noteworthy that girl's altruism at kindergarten correlated positively with their mother's rejection, control, and aggression.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Mimicry versus imitative modeling: facilitating sentence production in the speech of the retarded.

Two methods of language instruction administered to mentally retarded subjects at the two-word stage of language development were investigated. Subjects of the mimicry training group imitated Agent-Action-Object (AAO) constructions immediately after presentation, while subjects of the imitative modeling group first heard the AAO presentation and later produced the AAO construction in response to a verb question. Imitative modeling subjects achieved as many correct AAO responses during training and more correct responses on a generalization task and in a free play setting. They also displayed more novel response behavior (selective imitations) and spontaneously corrected productions. The results support the use of modeling procedures for inducing language production in the retarded.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Developmental progression in play behavior of children between nine and thirty months. I: Spontaneous play and imitation.

The developmental progression of play behavior was studied cross-sectionally in 85 children at eight age-levels between nine and 30 months. In a structured play situation, three major play patterns were distinguished: (1) exploratory play (at the end of the first year); (2) functional play (beginning of second year); and (3) representational play (after 15 months). Sequential play first occurred at 21 months. Play behavior with spatial characteristics was also observed: relational and container play between nine and 15 months, and understanding of spatial relationships, stacking and grouping between 18 and 24 months. There was a significant relationship between spontaneous and imitative play behavior; the greatest affect was displayed when the demonstrated behaviors matched the child's developmental level of play.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Modification of problem interation in mother-child dyads by modeling and behavior rehearsal.

Eighteen mother-child dyads who previously had reported difficulties in solving problems were assessed behaviorally in situations in which they attempted to resolve conflicts. Half the dyads then were given two treatment sessions that consisted of modeling and rehearsal designed to improve their skills in resolving problem situations. In the pretest assessment a number of significant correlations between mother and child responses were found. Notably, when mothers blamed or used direct arbitrary power with their children, the children in turn emitted oppositional behaviors, but when the mothers made tentative proposals, their children reciprocated with positive responses. In the posttest assessment, treatment mothers employed the expression of feelings to their children as a conflict resolution strategy significantly more often than did control mothers. There was also a tendency for the treatment children to acquiesce less to their mothers' demands than did control children in the problem situations.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Role-playing techniques: locus of control and the attraction to behavior simulation interventions.

This study investigated the relationship between internal-external locus of control and preferences to enact conflict situations designed as spontaneous, mimetic-replication or a combination of these two behavior simulation (role playing) conditions. Four groups of females, high-school students (N = 10 each), indicated their portrayal preferences on a Role Playing Situation Questionnaire. Two of these, an internal and an external group, participated in a task designed to create feelings of failure (lack of success) prior to taking the questionnaire. Spontaneous portrayals were preferred by internals, and portrayals that involved mimetic-replication were favored by externals. Unsuccessful internals preferred the combined spontaneous/mimetic-replication alternative more than did the other internals. The relationship between personality and role playing, as well as the implications for clinical uses of behavior simulation conditions, is discussed.

Adolescent↗