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[Social counseling for immigrants--practical experiences exemplified by Portugese immigrants].

The basis for an adequate communication being insufficient, it is very hard to offer foreigners in difficult situations efficient advisory assistance and care. The reason is not only the difference in language but also the difference in culture. Not everything can be expressed properly with a literal translation. The statements must be interpreted in connection with the way of thinking and behaving as well as with the cultural, social and religious environment of those seeking advice. According to the Portuguese community as well as all other emigrants, intermediaries of their mother tongue and culture should stand in more frequently. This way, there would be a better chance of success for all people involved.

Acculturation↗

[Psychological symptoms after immigration: a comparison of various groups of immigrants in Berlin].

In a postal questionnaire we examined three samples of persons seven and a half months after their migration to Berlin: 1. 512 people having left East Germany, 2. 90 Germans who had left Poland, and 3. 283 people who lived in western parts of Germany before. The present study was to investigate social integration and psychic complaints in these groups. In general, all groups reported increased frequencies of unspecific symptoms like inner restlessness, irritability, nervousness, rumination, and sleeplessness. In people from the GDR symptoms decreased significantly during the first seven months after migration. Symptoms of people who had come from western parts of Germany increased within this period. Generally the course of symptoms was more favorable, when people found a satisfactory job.

Acculturation↗

The new immigration: implications for poverty and public assistance utilization.

Central to the controversy over the new immigration is the worry that it has promoted an increase in the level of poverty and welfare utilization among immigrants. This study documents and explains immigrant-native trends and differentials in poverty and public assistance utilization during the period from 1960-1980. Results show that there is ample evidence that the level of poverty among immigrants, particularly recent immigrants, increased over the 1960-1980 period. However, there was little indication of a commensurate rise in the propensity of families to receive public assistance. There is also little evidence of a disproportionate and increasing burden of immigrants on public assistance coffers as the new immigration proceeds. Recent immigrants are no more likely to receive welfare than otherwise comparable natives. Regarding average annual public assistance income among welfare families, the empirical results suggest that immigrants differ little from natives in their degree of utilization. Like immigrants of previous waves, the new immigrants appear to be industrious and able to capitalize on their labor force potential to keep them out of poverty. This conclusion derives from findings that 1) in both the tabular and multivariate context, multiple earners kept a greater % of immigrant than native families out of poverty, and 2) immigrants showed a relative disinclination to use welfare as an income maintenance strategy. Still, the decline over time in ameliorative impact of multiple earners should be a source of concern. Also central to the concern over the new immigration is the increasing prevalence of nonwhites among immigrant cohorts. The sizable Hispanic component of the new immigration is particularly controversial. Among the most consistent findings of this study is the apparent deterioration in the economic status of white immigrants and the noticeable lack of any similar deterioration among Hispanic families. For example, among all the groups studied, recent white immigrants registered the largest increases in poverty over time. Poverty among recent Hispanic immigrants did not increase as sharply. Also, Hispanics became increasingly reluctant to use public assistance income whereas recent white immigrants did not, and revealed an increase in mean annual welfare receipt not nearly as great as that for white and Asian families. Admittedly, rates of poverty and public assistance receipt continue to be greater among Hispanics than whites. Still, changes over time reveal a marked deterioration among whites but no such deterioration among Hispanics.

Acculturation↗