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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed1981

A zero-base approach to medical school planning and budgeting.

The University of Michigan Medical School has concluded that the traditional budgeting process used by it and other academic institutions fails to discriminate adequately among programs, particularly in times of level or declining resources, and that this failure could result in mediocrity. As a result, the school decided to develop a new system for managing resources and chose to explore an approach that utilizes the principles of zero-base budgeting. An important reason for selecting this technique was its requirement that managers plan, evaluate, and set priorities for all programs, existing as well as new. After a feasibility study that produced encouraging results, a test implementation of the newly developed system was carried out in all six of the school's basic science departments and in two clinical departments. While some difficulties were encountered, including those normally associated with the introduction of a new and complex system, the results of the test implementation were encouraging, and the process is undergoing further development to broaden its application in the clinical departments.

Budgets↗

PubMed2026

Clinical applications of digital twin technology in In Vitro Fertilisation.

BACKGROUND: Digital twin technology, originating from aerospace and manufacturing industries, has emerged as a transformative tool in healthcare. In vitro fertilisation (IVF) faces persistent challenges including suboptimal embryo selection, unpredictable treatment outcomes, and limited personalisation of protocols. Despite advances in assisted reproductive technology, existing literature exhibits fragmentation: artificial intelligence applications in embryo selection, ovarian stimulation, and endometrial assessment have been developed independently without systematic integration into comprehensive treatment frameworks. Digital twin technology offers unprecedented opportunities to create virtual replicas of biological systems, enabling real-time monitoring, predictive modelling, and personalised treatment strategies. AIM: This narrative review aims to critically examine the current applications of digital twin technology in IVF, evaluate its potential benefits and limitations, synthesize existing evidence into an integrative conceptual model, and identify future directions for implementation in reproductive medicine. METHOD: A comprehensive narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore databases. A narrative review approach was selected over systematic review to accommodate the heterogeneity of evidence types in this emerging field, including theoretical frameworks, simulation studies, and proof-of-concept implementations that would be excluded from systematic reviews. Search terms included "digital twin," "IVF," "in vitro fertilisation," "assisted reproductive technology," "embryo selection," and "predictive modelling." Studies published between 2015 and 2025 were included, focusing on original research articles, systematic reviews, and proof-of-concept studies describing digital twin applications in reproductive medicine. RESULTS: Digital twin technology in IVF demonstrates significant potential across multiple domains including embryo development simulation, ovarian response prediction, endometrial receptivity modelling, and personalised stimulation protocols. Current applications integrate artificial intelligence, machine learning algorithms, time-lapse imaging, and omics data to create comprehensive virtual models. Early evidence suggests improvements in embryo selection accuracy, ovarian response prediction, and treatment protocol optimization, though large-scale randomized controlled trials remain limited. Implementation challenges include data integration complexity, computational requirements, regulatory considerations, and validation requirements. CONCLUSION: Digital twin technology represents a paradigm shift in IVF practice, offering personalised, predictive, and precision medicine approaches. This review synthesizes existing evidence to propose an integrative conceptual model for digital twin implementation across the IVF treatment spectrum, identifies critical knowledge gaps, and establishes research priorities to advance clinical translation. Despite current limitations, continued advancement promises improved success rates and patient outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Systematic review of the mutations in the active antigenic site Ø of the prefusion F protein of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) following the implementation of monoclonal antibody prophylaxis.

BACKGROUND: Monoclonal antibody (mAb) nirsevimab, which targets the antigenic site Ø of the prefusion F protein (pre-F) of RSV, was introduced for RSV prophylaxis in several countries. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted between January 1, 2022, and July 31, 2026 for studies analyzing substitutions within the epitope of pre-F RSV protein, which is the target of nirsevimab, after the implementation of the mAb. We searched across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ClinicalTrial.gov for studies involving children with confirmed RSV infection, that conducted genomic analysis. RESULTS: Seven studies (five observational and two randomized controlled trials) including 2156 RSV-positive samples (RSV-A: 1347, RSV-B: 809) were analyzed. RSV-A strains showed limited variability within antigenic site Ø, with K65R being the most common substitution and K209E being the only intermediate-resistance RSV-A substitution. RSV-B strains demonstrated substantially higher substitution frequencies, particularly involving I206M, Q209R, and S211N. Most identified substitutions appeared to represent naturally occurring polymorphisms and retained susceptibility to nirsevimab, while multiple RSV-B substitutions and combinations involving residues 64-68 and 204-208 demonstrated reduced susceptibility or high-level resistance. Resistance-associated variants were detected in 28 of 2156 (1.3%) RSV-positive samples and exclusively among nirsevimab breakthrough infections. In a sub-analysis restricted to nirsevimab-treated individuals, resistance-associated variants were significantly more frequent among RSV-B than RSV-A (9.8% vs 0.5%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Most substitutions that were detected within the nirsevimab antigenic site reflect ongoing natural RSV evolution and do not significantly affect nirsevimab susceptibility. However, detection of resistance-associated variants highlights the importance of continuous genomic and phenotypic surveillance.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Partnership for a nurse practitioner-directed student health primary care center.

Since 1991, the George Mason University Student Health Center (SHC) has been a primary health care center directed by College of Nursing and Health Science (CNHS) nurse practitioner (NP) faculty. This model was planned and implemented through a partnership between the CNHS and Student Services. From September 1991 until the present, the number of student visits has more than doubled, and the offered services have tripled without a comparable increase in budget and with minimal expansion of space. The student population now has access to comprehensive quality primary care services on-site at a relatively small investment per student. The focus of care goes beyond simply managing current health care needs by emphasizing prevention of future health problems, wellness, and quality of life. In addition, negotiations with surrounding specialists have resulted in a prompt and cost-effective referral system as needed by conditions exceeding the capabilities of the SHC providers. Responses to student surveys regarding the quality, availability, and cost of care, as well as the process involved in receiving that care, indicate the highest level of satisfaction among students using these services. The CNHS has a fertile, convenient faculty practice site as well as several clinical placements for NP as well as undergraduate students. This NP faculty-directed SHC offers a cost-effective, consumer-responsive alternative for delivering primary care services to the members of the university community.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMed1996

Graduate nursing education. What are the benefits and costs to hospitals?

In 1989, Hermann Hospital and University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center School of Nursing applied for and received approval to implement a 5-year demonstration project funded by the Health Care Finance Administration using Medicaid pass-through funds to educate nurses at the graduate level. The project aimed to evaluate the impact of advanced practice nurses and researchers on the practice of professional nursing at a 655-bed acute-care hospital in a large metropolitan area. The authors describe the factors that served to galvanize the two institutions to apply for such a grant, discuss the barriers encountered along the course of the project, and list the outcomes achieved by 1994 or project end. Predictions regarding the second 5-year segment (phase 2) are summarized as well. The article includes suggestions to other institutions interested in replicating such a project.

Clinical Nursing Research↗

PubMed1995

Principles of clinical medicine: an interdisciplinary integrated 2-year longitudinal course.

In keeping with the Report of the Panel on the General Professional Education of the Physician (Association of American Medical Colleges 1984), Oregon Health Sciences University (OHSU) School of Medicine is in the midst of revising its curriculum. After a 4-year process, the Curriculum Committee mandated development of the Principles of Clinical Medicine course, a 2-year longitudinal course integrating input from both basic and clinical science departments. We describe the steps leading to the course's implementation, its administrative and organizational structure, the evaluation of student performance, teacher training, course curriculum, and the use of interdisciplinary teaching. This course embodies many of the changes called for in the AAMC Report and serves as a model for interdisciplinary education.

Clinical Medicine↗

PubMed1985

The book availability study as an objective measure of performance in a health sciences library.

In its search for an objective overall diagnostic evaluation, the University of Illinois Library of the Health Sciences' Program Evaluation Committee selected a book availability measure; it is easy to administer and repeat, results are reproducible, and comparable data exist for other academic and health sciences libraries. The study followed the standard methodology in the literature with minor modifications. Patrons searching for particular books were asked to record item(s) needed and the outcome of the search. Library staff members then determined the reasons for failures in obtaining desired items. The results of the study are five performance scores. The first four represent the percentage probability of a library's operating with ideal effectiveness; the last provides an overall performance score. The scores of the Library of the Health Sciences demonstrated no unusual availability problems. The study was easy to implement and provided meaningful, quantitative, and objective data.

Books↗

PubMed1983

Early outreach: career awareness for health professions.

"Early outreach" may be defined as a long-term, talent-development strategy designed to prepare a well qualified pool of disadvantaged and underrepresented minority applicants for entry into health professions schools, particularly medical schools. The concept of early outreach is to prepare, motivate, and educate talented, economically disadvantaged junior high or secondary school students to gain the necessary academic qualifications to make high school graduation, college attendance, and health careers a reality. In this paper the author defines the problem to which early outreach is addressed and discussed the contextual and historical background of the concept. A number of programs at the Health Sciences Center at the University of Illinois at Chicago designed and implemented to provide a model to achieve the concept of early outreach are described.

Career Choice↗

PubMed1995

Physicians for the 21st century: implications for medical practice, undergraduate preparation, and medical education.

Changes in medical education and the practice of medicine have resulted from the push for both education and health care reforms. Undergraduates planning application to medical school should broaden their preparation to include communications, computers, economics, and multicultural educational experiences. To prepare graduates for medical practice in the new millennium, the University of Kentucky College of Medicine has implemented a new curriculum focusing on integration of basic and clinical sciences, primary care in ambulatory sites, health promotion and disease prevention, and attention to the ethical, social, psychologic, and financial impact of disease upon the patient, family, and society.

Curriculum↗

PubMed1995

An analysis of the paper-based health record: information content and its implications for electronic patient records.

An analysis of paper-based charting was carried out at Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center as a prelude to developing a strategic plan to implement an electronic patient record. A relational model of the Sunnybrook paper chart was developed, describing each of its forms in terms of specific data fields. Three hundred and forty nine different forms are in current use at Sunnybrook, containing 64 types of data fields such as Patient Demographics, Vital Signs, and Doctor's Orders. The extent of data field duplication at the level of hospital forms was significant. A Patient Demographics field was present on all forms and on all pages of a patient's chart, as would be expected. Twenty seven other fields were duplicated on more than ten different forms, including Working Diagnosis which was present on 110 forms, History of Past Illness on 42 forms, and History of Present Illness on 32 forms. Current Medications were recorded on 32 forms and Allergy fields were present on 29 separate forms. Only five data fields of the total 64 were present on only one form. The duplication of data fields within complete patient charts was then examined to confirm that data field duplication was occurring within the actual healthcare delivery process. Using the relational model of the charting system, 143 acute care in-patient encounters were abstracted into the database. The charts were selected randomly from each of the hospital inpatient services. The numbers and types of forms within each chart were recorded, amounting to 18,654 physical pages and using 165 of the different forms. The average in-patient encounter within the model was 130.4 pages long, with a minimum of 27 pages, a maximum of 559 pages, and containing on average 25.8 different forms. The duplication of data fields within actual charts followed a pattern similar to the duplication found on the forms. Initial diagnosis was present on an average of 20.4 pages within the charts, with a minimum of 2 pages and a maximum of 152 pages containing this data field. Other frequently occurring data fields included History of Past Illness present on an average of 12.2 pages per chart, History of present illness on 10.2 pages per chart, and allergies on an average of 9.1 pages per chart. The results obtained through the examination of Sunnybrook charts should be generalizable to most paper-based systems. This study did not measure the workload associated with duplicating chart data. however, the magnitude of the duplication seen in this study leaves little doubt that significant amounts of time could be saved with appropriate modification of health care delivery processes. Multiple copies of the same data field within a database are referred to as aliases of each other. This study demonstrates that hospital charts contain many copies of the same information, such as medication lists, allergies etc. Due to manual replication of data fields, there is no mechanism to ensure that each copy of a data element within a chart actually contains the same information. This aliasing of data through manual duplication compromises the integrity of data within paper-based charts. Decisions and therapy based upon contradictory or inaccurate data are likely to lead to inefficient or erroneous care delivery; this has significant implications for hospital liability and quality of patient care. A growing recognition of the costs and risks of data replication within paper-based charting systems is driving the healthcare industry toward Electronic Patient Record systems. Better quality patient care data, provided by computerized records, is likely to be necessary but not sufficient to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of the healthcare system. Intelligent application of this information will be essential.

Medical Records↗

PubMed1990

The key scientific issue of the next century: the science of addiction.

The problem of addiction is believed to be the most important scientific issue of the next century. The solution to the riddle of pharmacologic, psychological, and social addiction to nicotine, heroin, alcohol, and a high-fat diet, and the discovery and implementation of strategies for spreading healthy "addictions" will aid in solving many major public health and social science problems in the next century. All-out efforts should be expended on the comprehensive development of a science of addiction and to the wide-scale effective application of the results of such research in order to promote health, prosperity, and peace for every community in the world.

Forecasting↗

PubMed1995

[Assessment of strategies of science and technology management: a case study].

The Health Department of the State of S. Paulo has implemented a management strategy on research and development (R&D) for its research institutes which comprises three different items: 1) project registration, 2) support and 3) promotion of R&D activities. The present study explores the ability of this R&D management system to provide information and evaluates the performance of the third item which has been responsible for the assignment of research grants to professionals whose projects are selected through a peer review. The assessment of the grant's distribution was conducted by comparing the mean scientific production recorded in literature data bases for grant holders and equal an number of controls matched by institute of origin. The ability of the system to produce information was studied by the application of Cluster Analysis. The results show that grant holders have a scientific production significantly higher than their controls. Concerning information production, it is shown that proper raw data processing may render suggestions for decision making and that the institutes may be grouped in clusters of those that adopt similar management strategies.

Academies and Institutes↗

PubMed2025

ConceptDrift: leveraging spatial, temporal and semantic evolution of biomedical concepts for hypothesis generation.

MOTIVATION: Hypothesis generation is a fundamental problem in biomedical text mining that aims to generate ideas that are new, interesting, and plausible by discovering unexplored links between biomedical concepts. Despite significant advances made by existing approaches, they do not fully leverage the evolutionary properties of biomedical concepts. This is limiting because scientific knowledge continually evolves over time, with new facts being added and old ones becoming obsolete. Thus, it is crucial to capture the evolutionary properties of biomedical concepts from multiple perspectives (e.g. spatial, temporal, and semantic) to generate hypotheses that reflect the up-to-date information landscape of the biomedical domain. RESULTS: We introduce a novel framework, ConceptDrift, that models the hypothesis generation task as a sequence of temporal graphlets and simultaneously encodes spatial, temporal, and semantic change. Unlike existing approaches that treat these dimensions independently, ConceptDrift is the first to provide a holistic understanding of concept evolution by integrating them into a unified framework. Grounded in the theories of the Distributional Hypothesis and Conceptual Change, our method adapts these principles to the unique challenges of large-scale biomedical literature. We conduct extensive experiments across multiple datasets and demonstrate that ConceptDrift consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in generating accurate and meaningful hypotheses. Our framework shows immediate practical benefits for web-based literature mining tools in life sciences and biomedicine, offering more robust and predictive feature representations. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: https://github.com/amir-hassan25/ConceptDrift (DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.29975476).

Semantics↗

PubMed1976

Social work training of new health professionals.

The Child Health Associate program provides a model for using social workers in the training of new health professionals. Administratively, social workers have contributed to curriculum development in the behavioral sciences. They have influenced decisions regarding student selection and have developed and implemented a faculty adviser program. Because of their practical experience as primary care practitioners, social workers have been able to define effectively the skills needed by the new professionals to meet the social and emotional needs of their patients. Social workers have made use of their contacts in hospitals and communities to design and implement courses and clinics that combine in a meaningful manner theoretical material and practical experiences in patient contact. Evaluative research in the area of interviewing skills and crisis management demonstrates that the teaching methods applied by the social work profession are effective in increasing the level of students' interviewing skills in clinical practice and help prepare them to recognize familiy crises.

Colorado↗

PubMed1992

Annotated bibliography of hypertext/hypermedia in the health sciences.

Hypertext and hypermedia are important new methods of learning and instruction for the health sciences. Articles cited in this bibliography deal with the creation, development, and implementation of hypertext/hypermedia programs in both academic and clinical environments.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗

PubMed1991

Bionic organs.

When a lizard loses its tail, a new caudal appendage soon grows to replace the one that is missing. But when a human loses a kidney, severs a peripheral nerve or worse, the spinal cord, that organ is lost forever. Such at least is conventional thinking. But imagine that the victim of an industrial accident with a paralyzed hand could achieve new levels of function by inducing axonal regrowth through a synthetic nerve guidance channel; or that a Parkinsonian patient's symptoms could be relieved by implanting in his brain neural tissue encased in a selectively permeable polymer envelope; or that the inexorable progression of the vascular complications of juvenile diabetes could be stopped, even reversed, by a membrane-protected xenograft of insulin-producing tissue. This is the dream of bionic organ science. It is predicated on two lines of technological achievement: the availability of ultra-thin, biocompatible, selectively permeable polymer membranes which can protect a transplant against immune rejection while allowing solute exchange between the graft and its environment; and the synthesis of novel materials, some biostable, some bioresorbable, which can serve as scaffolding or anchor for tissue regrowth in the geometrically and chemically controlled environment of an implant. The fabrication, growth and survival of composites of living tissues with synthetic polymers, often enhanced by the incorporation of specific cell growth factors or inhibitors, has been demonstrated at the tissue culture level, and extended in vivo to experimental models of human endocrine deficiency or neurological defects. The key to progress with bioartificial organs is the confluence of knowledge ranging from materials science to cell and molecular biology to experimental surgery. Obstacles to clinical implementation of this new therapeutic concept include: large scale procurement of specific tissue structures or isolated postmitotic cells from animal sources; demonstration of safety and efficacy of spontaneously occurring, bioactive tumor cell lines; verification of long-term stability and bio-acceptance of polymer implants; and industrialization of the fabrication process to meet quality control, shelf-life and commercial distribution requirements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1993

A problem-based course in dental implantology.

A problem-based predoctoral implantology course was implemented for ten senior dental students at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. Students met in small tutorial groups three times a week to analyze patient cases developed for the course. As students explored the patient's problems, they identified areas where their knowledge was deficient, as well as special interests, and prioritized these areas, known as learning issues, into a learning agenda for subsequent study. During unprogrammed free time between tutorials, students researched the learning issues, and came to the next tutorial prepared to discuss what they had learned and in so doing, helped their peers learn the material. The faculty tutor used non-directive questioning to facilitate group problem-solving and promote interaction but did not lecture or give answers. The cases were developed in the "progressive disclosure paperback" format, reflecting the evolving nature of the patient's implant therapy. In conjunction with the PBL tutorials, students performed implant surgery and prosthodontics on a minimum of three patients and provided maintenance therapy on three to four other implant patients. Course evaluation consisted of three elements: (1) weekly peer evaluation by the students using a six item checklist, (2) tutor evaluation, using the same checklist, and (3) an oral examination. The tutor met individually with each student midway through the course and at the conclusion to summarize the peer evaluations and discuss the student's performance, including contributions to group process. Student reaction to this PBL experience was enthusiastically supportive, and student performance exceeded faculty expectations.

Attitude↗

PubMed1976

Training the renaissance medical illustrator.

The professional training of the medical illustration student has been a subject of controvery for the last few years. Curricula of the schools accredited by the Association of Medical Illustrators have, to varying degrees, undergone change due to new demands on the practicing illustrator. The curriculum in Biomedical Illustration at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas attempts to balance time-proven courses with contemporary problem-solving approaches to the training of the medical illustrator. This paper reflects the history, philosophy and methods of implementation of the course of study leading to the M.A. degree in Biomedical Communication at the University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas.

Curriculum↗