PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Infant Development”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

Methodological issues in modeling the relationship between low-level lead exposure and infant development: examples from the Boston Lead Study.

This paper addresses several methodological issues relevant to an assessment of the association between low-level lead exposure and early development. In particular, we discuss methods for choosing, from a large pool of candidates, the covariates to control when estimating this association. We examine the issue of confounding and explain why adjusting increased, rather than decreased, the estimate of the association between blood lead level and development at 6 months of age in our sample. A step-by-step description of our strategy for model building is presented. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of the findings by showing that the magnitude and standard error of the estimated lead effect is not affected appreciably by the method of selecting covariates to be controlled for or by the characterization of lead as a continuous, ordinal, or dichotomous variable. Although these issues arose in the course of analyses of data collected by the Boston lead study (D. Bellinger, H. Needleman, A. Leviton, C. Waternaux, M. Rabinowitz, and M. Nichols (1984), Neurobehav. Tox. Teratol., 6, 387-402), they apply to other current prospective lead studies as well.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

Vitamin A and E status in very low birth weight infants: development of an improved parenteral delivery system.

Plasma vitamin A and E levels were inadequate in very low birth weight infants receiving a continuous infusion of a parenteral multivitamin preparation, 1.5 ml/kg per day, in dextrose-amino acid solution. A new delivery system using 2 ml/kg per day, infused for 6 hours from the first day of life, avoided loss during infusion and significantly improved plasma vitamin A and E levels during the first 28 days of life in very low birth weight infants.

Avitaminosis↗
PubMed1997

Breast feeding, pacifier use and infant development at 12 months of age: a birth cohort study in Brazil.

Many studies suggest that breast feeding confers developmental and intellectual advantages on children. In a recent study, however, no association was found between breast feeding and intelligence in adult life after adjustment for other variables, and the use of pacifier in infancy was the most important predictor of intelligence. We analysed the associations between breast-feeding duration, pacifier use and suspected developmental delay at 12 months of age in a birth cohort in Pelotas, southern Brazil. All 5304 hospital births occurring during 1993 were studied and a sample was followed up at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Breast-feeding practices and use of pacifiers were assessed at each visit, as well as suspected developmental delay, measured by the Denver II test. The prevalence of developmental delay was analysed, through logistic regression, according to breast-feeding status and pacifier use, accounting for the possible confounding effect of other variables. The prevalence of suspected developmental delay at 12 months was 34.1%, being slightly higher among children who used pacifiers at 6 months than among non-users (35.3% and 28.7% respectively). There was a marked negative association between breast-feeding duration and developmental delay, with children breast fed for 9 months or more presenting significantly less suspected developmental delay (25.5%) than those breast fed for less than 1 month (42.4%). The effects of multiple variables were tested, and only high parity, smoking during pregnancy, birthweight, gestational age, pacifier use and breast-feeding duration remained significantly associated with suspected developmental delay. The effect of pacifier use, however, disappeared after adjusting for breast-feeding duration, suggesting that breast feeding, and not pacifiers, affects child development.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1976

Effects of maternal nutrition on fetal growth and infant development.

The results of a food supplementation study conducted in four chronically malnourished rural villages in Guatemala were analyzed to determine possible effects on the study children's early mental and physical development. One of two food supplements, atole and fresco, were given to pregnant and lactating mothers and the infants born to them up to three years of age. The level of supplement received was noted and the subsequent course of the children's development observed. Food supplementation of pregnant mothers was found to correlate with higher weights of their babies at birth. No other major maternal variables--home diet, body height and/or weight, morbidity, obstetric characteristics, or socioeconomic status--could account for this association. At 36 months of age the children who had received a large amount of food supplementation showed a far lower prevalence of growth retardation than did those who received smaller quantities. Again, this correlation could not be attributed to any other major maternal variables. In regard to mental development, food supplementation was found to correlate with better performance in psychological tests beginning at six months of age. At 36 months the correlations were significant in five different tests. The results of this analysis have wide-ranging implications for public health. Given the recognized association between low birthweight and infant mortality, they point especially to the importance of maternal nutrition during pregnancy in programs aimed at reducing this serious problem.

Child, Preschool↗