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Results for “Information Storage and Retrieval”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Micrographics, reprography, and graphic communications in 1981.

In 1981, as in 1980, there was continued discussion of the potential of videodiscs in document storage and retrieval, but little in the way of practical results apart from visual (as opposed to textual) materials. The micrographics industry, on the other hand, introduced new products designed to facilitate the use of microforms, while library and other professional literature reported the advantages of microforms in various types of information storage and retrieval applications. Copier product developments were largely dominated by the announcement of various low-cost plain-paper units from Japan. The Japanese likewise played an important role in the development of facsimile technology, which enjoyed considerably increased acceptance during 1981.

Copying Processes↗
PubMed2002

Semantic annotation for concept-based cross-language medical information retrieval.

We present a framework for concept-based cross-language information retrieval in the medical domain, which is under development in the MUCHMORE project. Our approach is based on using the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) as the primary source of semantic data. Documents and queries are annotated with multiple layers of linguistic information. Linguistic processing includes part-of-speech tagging, morphological analysis, phrase recognition and the identification of medical terms and semantic relations between them. The paper describes experiments in monolingual and cross-language document retrieval, performed on a corpus of medical abstracts. Results show that linguistic processing, especially lemmatization and compound analysis for German, is a crucial step in achieving a good baseline performance. On the other hand, they show that semantic information, specifically the combined use of concepts and relations, increases the performance in monolingual and cross-language retrieval.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

HyperOncology: demonstration of an evolving comprehensive hypermedia-based workstation for the radiation oncologist.

HyperOncology is a prototype hypermedia-based workstation designed for the practicing radiation oncologist. Individual patient records consist of linked demographic, clinical history, presentation, staging, course, laboratory and treatment data. Searching and sorting capabilities, navigational aids, information printing and archiving, plotting capability, and graphics and updating tools are available. Upon integration with an evolving knowledge base, HyperOncology will eventually become a comprehensive clinical database and information retrieval system in the specialty of radiation oncology.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed1988

The videodisc in health sciences education: a perspective on a powerful medium.

In the nine years since the introduction of the videodisc, biomedical communicators have created landmark applications of the technology. However, for a variety of reasons, the videodisc has not had the impact on health sciences instruction and communications that was initially projected. A sharp increase in numbers of microcomputers available in instructional settings and publicity regarding videodiscs has brought forth a burst of new interest in the medium and its relationship to information storage and retrieval. Although a number of newer technologies have been introduced, the videodisc remains the most cost-effective and proven technology for providing interactive visual information.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed2000

Versatile user interface using UMLS Metathesaurus.

One of the obstacles for a successful search in the biomedical field is that different vocabularies are used by different databases but more than one database is usually needed to respond adequately to a healthcare professional's query. A typical searcher usually is unfamiliar with these vocabularies and the sophisticated measures to narrow or broaden a search. As a result, a failed search is often due to using "inappropriate" search terms. We have developed a highly interactive and versatile user interface, SHINE Refined Search (SHINE RS). It uses medical concepts from the UMLS Metathesaurus as the building block to help searchers find "appropriate" search terms for their queries. The results of our preliminary usability assessment are promising and demonstrate the potential to improve retrieval results.

Diabetes Mellitus↗
PubMed2000

Internet resources for dentistry: government and medical sites for the dental professional.

As society transitions deeper into the Information Age, Information Technology has become a critical tool that supports all facets of the global economy. The Internet, via the World-Wide Web (WWW), has become a major component of business operations for corporate and educational organizational entities. An estimated 10,000 or more health-related websites are providing information for both consumers and healthcare professionals. In addition to private and state-supported institutions being present on the Internet, the federal government has moved rapidly toward disseminating information electronically, with significant utilization of the WWW as the technological vehicle. All branches of the US Government and federal-related agencies are now represented on the Internet in an effort to deliver content to their end users, primarily the public. The intent of this article is to complement the previous publication, "Internet Resources for Dentistry: Utilization of the Internet to Support Professional Growth, Decision Making, and Patient Care," by presenting dental healthcare professionals with information on additional governmental and medical "Internet" sites. In addition, healthcare professionals must arm themselves with more than just access itself, but also the ability to critically judge the quality of information retrieved from the WWW.

Commerce↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Providing concept-oriented views for clinical data using a knowledge-based system: an evaluation.

OBJECTIVE: Clinical information systems typically present patient data in chronologic order, organized by the source of the information (e.g., laboratory, radiology). This study evaluates the functionality and utility of a knowledge-based system that generates concept-oriented views (organized around clinical concepts such as disease or organ system) of clinical data. DESIGN: The authors have developed a system that uses a knowledge base of interrelationships between medical concepts to infer relationships between data in electronic medical records. They use these inferences to produce summaries, or views, of the data that are relevant to a specific concept of interest. They evaluated the ability of the system to select relevant information, reduce information overload, and support physician information retrieval. MEASUREMENTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the system for identifying relevant patient information were calculated. Effect on information overload was assessed by comparing the amount of information in each view with the amount of information in the entire record. Information retrieval accuracy and cost (time) were used to measure the effect of using concept-oriented views on the efficiency and effectiveness of retrievals. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the system for identifying relevant clinical information were generally in the range of 70 to 80 percent. Concept-oriented views are effective in reducing the amount of information retrieved (over 80 percent reduction) and, compared with source-oriented views, are able to improve physician retrieval accuracy (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: Computer-generated, concept-oriented views can be used to reduce clinician information overload and improve the accuracy of clinical data retrieval.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed1982

Optical disk technology and information.

The optical video disk, spawned by the home entertainment industry, and its counterpart, the optical digital disk, both hold great promise for information storage and retrieval and the scientific enterprise. Optical digital disks for computer mass storage are currently under development by many firms. In addition, efforts are under way to allow encoding of digital information on video disks. This is desirable as an inexpensive publication medium for machine-readable data as well as a means of obtaining both video and digital information on one disk. Potential applications of this technology include inexpensive on-line storage, random access graphics to complement on-line information systems, hybrid network architectures, office automation systems, and archival storage.

Computers↗
PubMed2004

Parallel processing of spatial and serial order information before moving to a remembered target.

Information storage and retrieval from working memory is limited by the capacity of storage mechanisms and attentional processes. Nevertheless, it has been shown that processing of multiple features can proceed independently in working memory. In this study we investigated how serial order and directional information are processed when executing a movement to a remembered target direction. We compared the performance of 11 healthy subjects in 3 motor working memory tasks, one with a varying spatial memory load, one with a varying serial order memory load, and one in which memory load was varied for both features. We found that the spatial information memory load does not affect the ability to store information about serial order and vice versa. Furthermore, movement response latencies indicated that retrieval of information about both features proceeds simultaneously. These results strongly favor independent, parallel working memory systems for processing space and order information in the motor system.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

SCOUT: information retrieval from full-text medical literature.

SCOUT is an expert system designed to aid the practicing physician in searching a full-text database of biomedical literature for information in the domain of oncology. In the clinical setting, an information-retrieval system needs to provide only a few relevant documents that address a patient-specific query. SCOUT models the expertise of an oncologist and an information specialist in a probabilistic inference system; it applies expert heuristics both in selecting the best source of information for a particular question and in developing an effective, source-specific search statement that retrieves only a minimal number of pertinent documents.

Expert Systems↗
PubMed1975

National Library of Medicine: international cooperation for biomedical communications.

The international programs of the National Library of Medicine may vary in mechanism, but all share the common objective of improved medical research, education, and practice. They are a natural extension of domestic responsibilities and represent a sharing of time, talent, and resources. The programs may be service-oriented, cooperative efforts based on the computerized information storage and retrieval system (MEDLARS), or establishment of regional medical library programs. Policy and operational aspects are presented.

Computers↗
PubMed2005

MorphoSaurus--design and evaluation of an interlingua-based, cross-language document retrieval engine for the medical domain.

OBJECTIVES: We propose an interlingua-based indexing approach to account for the particular challenges that arise in the design and implementation of cross-language document retrieval systems for the medical domain. METHODS: Documents, as well as queries, are mapped to a language-independent conceptual layer on which retrieval operations are performed. We contrast this approach with the direct translation of German queries to English ones which, subsequently, are matched against English documents. RESULTS: We evaluate both approaches, interlingua-based and direct translation, on a large medical document collection, the OHSUMED corpus. A substantial benefit for interlingua-based document retrieval using German queries on English texts is found, which amounts to 93% of the (monolingual) English baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Most state-of-the-art cross-language information retrieval systems translate user queries to the language(s) of the target documents. In contra-distinction to this approach, translating both documents and user queries into a language-independent, concept-like representation format is more beneficial to enhance cross-language retrieval performance.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2006

Unsupervised image-set clustering using an information theoretic framework.

In this paper, we combine discrete and continuous image models with information-theoretic-based criteria for unsupervised hierarchical image-set clustering. The continuous image modeling is based on mixture of Gaussian densities. The unsupervised image-set clustering is based on a generalized version of a recently introduced information-theoretic principle, the information bottleneck principle. Images are clustered such that the mutual information between the clusters and the image content is maximally preserved. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework for image clustering on a large image set. Information theoretic tools are used to evaluate cluster quality. Particular emphasis is placed on the application of the clustering for efficient image search and retrieval.

Algorithms↗