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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

Prolotherapy injections, saline injections, and exercises for chronic low-back pain: a randomized trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a prolotherapy injection and exercise protocol in the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial with two-by-two factorial design, triple-blinded for injection status, and single-blinded for exercise status. SETTING: General practice. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred ten participants with nonspecific low-back pain of average 14 years duration were randomized to have repeated prolotherapy (20% glucose/0.2% lignocaine) or normal saline injections into tender lumbo-pelvic ligaments and randomized to perform either flexion/extension exercises or normal activity over 6 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pain intensity (VAS) and disability scores (Roland-Morris) at 2.5, 4, 6, 12, and 24 months. RESULTS: Follow-up was achieved in 96% at 12 months and 80% at 2 years. Ligament injections, with exercises and with normal activity, resulted in significant and sustained reductions in pain and disability throughout the trial, but no attributable effect was found for prolotherapy injections over saline injections or for exercises over normal activity. At 12 months, the proportions achieving more than 50% reduction in pain from baseline by injection group were glucose-lignocaine: 0.46 versus saline: 0.36. By activity group these proportions were exercise: 0.41 versus normal activity: 0.39. Corresponding proportions for >50% reduction in disability were glucose-lignocaine: 0.42 versus saline 0.36 and exercise: 0.36 versus normal activity: 0.38. There were no between group differences in any of the above measures. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic nonspecific low-back pain, significant and sustained reductions in pain and disability occur with ligament injections, irrespective of the solution injected or the concurrent use of exercises.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Comparison between one and two injections of pentamidine isethionate, at 7 mg/kg in each injection, in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in French Guiana.

In a retrospective study set in French Guiana, the efficacy and tolerance of the intramuscular treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) with a single injection of pentamidine isethionate, at 7 mg/kg, were compared with those observed, earlier, using two such injections (given 48 h apart). Although 83.6% of the 281 patients given two injections each were cured, the single-injection protocol was generally as effective, curing 78.8% of 137 patients. The single-injection protocol was also associated with fewer adverse effects than the two-injection. In the treatment of "difficult" cases (those with satellite papules or relatively high numbers of amastigotes in their lesions), however, the two-injection protocol appeared significantly more effective than the single-injection. In French Guiana, therefore, patients with CL should be given one injection with pentamidine isethionate and only be given a second, 48 h later, if they have satellite papules and/or relatively high numbers of amastigotes in their lesions.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

[Efficiency improvement of dispensing of drugs for injection by a total automatic injection dispenser system including infusion fluids and its evaluation].

For the appropriate use of drugs for injection, injection dispensing by pharmacists has been initiated at various institutions. With this movement, automatic injection dispensers have actively been developed. In our hospital, an injection order system was connected with an automatic injection dispenser in November, 1997, and this integrated system has been operating in all wards. However, the efficiency of dispensing work was not satisfactory because there were limitations in the types and volume of drugs placed in the automatic injection dispenser. Therefore, we constructed an automatic injection dispenser system that allows us to use more than 100 ml infusion fluids and also to use drugs stored in a cool place, which could not be used in the conventional system. In the new system, two trays coming from an ampoulevial line and an infusion fluid line are automatically coordinated using a discharge lifter for each patient and transported into an injection cart. After the introduction of this system, the automatic dispenser utilization rate in terms of the number of used injections increased from 52.6% to 73.3%. In addition, since the dispensing time for infusion fluids and drugs stored in a cool place, which had been collected by man power, was reduced, it became possible to pay more attention to checking for prescription.

Drug Prescriptions↗

PubMed2006

Injection pressure as a marker of intraneural injection in procedures of peripheral nerves blockade.

The blockade of peripheral nerves carries a certain risk of unwanted complications, which can follow after unintentional intraneural injection of a local anesthetic. Up till today, the research of measuring injection pressure has been based on animal models, even though the histological structure of periphery nerve is different for animal and human population, so the application pressure which presages intraneural injection in human population is still unknown. As material in performing this study there have been used 12 Wistar rats and 12 delivered stillborns. After bilateral access to the median nerve, we applied 3 ml of 2% lidocaine with epinephrine, with the help of automatic syringe charger. The needle was at first placed perineural on one side, and then intraneural on the other side of both examination groups. During every application the pressure values were monitored using the manometer, and then they were analyzed by special software program BioBench. All perineural injections resulted with the pressure < or = 27.92 kPa, while the majority of intraneural injections were combined with the injection pressure > or = 69.8 kPa. The difference between intraneural and perineural injection pressures for the two different examination groups (rats and delivered stillborns) was not statistically significant (P>0.05). As prevention from intraneural injections today are in use two methods: the method of causing paresthesia or the method of using the peripheral nerve stimulator. However the nerve injury can still occur, independent from the technique used. If our results are used in clinical practice on human population, than the high injection pressure could be the marker of intraneural lodging of a needle.

Anesthetics, Local↗

PubMed2002

The use of passive injectable transponders in fattening lambs from birth to slaughter: effects of injection position, age, and breed.

A total of 1,159 Tiris half-duplex passive injectable transponders (PIT) of 32-mm length were used to study the electronic identification of 618 fattening lambs of two breeds used for different production purposes (Ripollesa, meat breed, n = 271, and Manchega, dairy breed, n = 347). The lambs were s.c. injected in the armpit and the retro-auricular positions at 2, 15, and 30 d of age. All lambs were also tagged with a small plastic ear tag after birth. A group of 76 lambs were injected only in the right armpit and were kept for breeding. The PIT losses, breakages, and electronic failures were evaluated at weekly weight recordings throughout the fattening period using two types of hand-held transceivers. Fattened lambs were harvested in a commercial abattoir between 3 and 4 mo of age when they reached market weight (11 to 12 kg hot carcass weight). The total number of PIT that fell or broke in the slaughtering line, the location method, and the recovery time were recorded. On the farm PIT losses were not affected (P > 0.05) by age at injection, injection position, or breed. Mean losses of PIT and ear tags during the same period were 5% and 6.3%, respectively (P > 0.05). No PIT breakages or failures were observed during the fattening period. Mean recovery of PIT in the abattoir (85.6%) was affected (P < 0.05) by breed and injection position. Losses of PIT in the abattoir were greater (P < 0.05) in the Ripollesa breed (18.4%) than in Manchega (10.0%), and for both breeds losses were greater (P < 0.05) in the retro-auricular than in the armpit positions (18.6 vs 10.8%, respectively). The percentage of PIT broken during slaughtering was low (0.3%). The mean recovery times (18 +/- 2 s) were not affected (P > 0.05) by breed, injection position, or age, thus allowing a harvesting speed of 200 lambs/h on average. In conclusion, the injection of 32-mm PIT into the armpit or the retro-auricular region is not recommended as a practice for the electronic identification of fattening lambs, even though they perform similarly to small plastic ear tags. This is partly a consequence of the PIT losses observed on the farm but mainly because of the difficulties with recovering the PIT in the abattoir. More research will determine whether the use of smaller transponders or injection in other positions could improve their performance in fattening lambs.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed2000

Eovist Injection and Resovist Injection: two new liver-specific contrast agents for MRI.

Eovist Injection (gadolinium-EOB-DTPA) is selectively taken up by hepatocytes, which will increase the signal intensity of normal liver parenchyma on T1-weighted images. This results in improved lesion-to-liver contrast because malignant tumors either do not contain hepatocytes or their functioning is hampered. Following intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection, Eovist Injection is excreted by both the renal and biliary routes. Clinical trials have evaluated the safety and efficacy of Eovist Injection up to a dose of 100 mumol/kg body weight. Resovist Injection (SHU-555A) contains iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with carboxydextran and is administered as an intravenous bolus injection at a fixed-volume dose, dependent on body weight. The uptake of Resovist Injection in the reticuloendothelial (RES) cells results in a decrease of the signal intensity of normal liver parenchyma on both T2- and T1-weighted images. Due to the altered phagocytic distribution and activity, the signal intensity in most metastatic tumors is not affected, resulting in improved lesion-to-liver contrast. Both Resovist Injection and Eovist Injection have exhibited acceptable safety profiles in clinical trials, and have the potential to provide additional information regarding lesion detection, classification, and characterization.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗

PubMed2006

[Effect of acupoint injection by Astragalus injection on local SIgA and pathomorphology changes in rats with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupoint injection by astragalus injection on local SIgA and pathomorphologial changes in rats with chronic pelvic inflammatory disease (CPID). METHOD: 50 female Wistar rats were randomly devided into 6 groups, in which CPID model was made except the normal group and sham operation group. The astragalus injection group and the 0.9% NaCl injection group were treated by acupoint injection in Guanyuan (RN4) and Zusanli (ST36). The group was fed Qianjinpian solution into stomach. The histopathologic changes of rats' uterus of each group were observed and SIgA in vagina flushing was detected. RESULT: The model group showed inflammatory changes, and astragalus injection group and Qianjinpian group showed little histopathologic changes. The levels of SIgA in astragalus injection group were significantly higher than those in other groups, but that in the model group was the lowest. CONCLUSION: The deficiency of local SIgA lead to repeatedly attack of CPID. The treatment of acupoint injection by astragalus injection can improve the excretion of SIgA, reinforce the local immunity, and prevent the repeatedly attack.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMed1994

Task-dependent effects of intra-amygdala morphine injections: attenuation by intra-amygdala glucose injections.

Intraseptal injections of morphine impair learning and memory in rats, and these impairments are reversed by intraseptal injections of glucose. With evidence that injections of morphine into the amygdala also impair memory for some tasks, the present experiment determined whether (1) intra-amygdala morphine injections impair performance in inhibitory avoidance and spontaneous alternation tasks, and (2) intra-amygdala glucose injections attenuate the effects of intra-amygdala morphine injections. Rats receiving bilateral injections of morphine (4.0 nmol) into the amygdala, 30 min prior to training in inhibitory avoidance, had retention latencies significantly lower than those of unoperated and CSF controls when tested 24 hr later. Bilateral morphine injections (4.0 or 8.0 nmol) 30 min prior to testing in a spontaneous alternation task did not alter performance. The morphine-induced impairment observed in inhibitory avoidance was not due to diffusion up the cannulas, altered sensitivity to shock, or seizure activity. A glucose dose of 16.67 nmol, but not 8.33 nmol, injected into the amygdala attenuated the morphine-induced deficit in inhibitory avoidance. Rats receiving CSF into the amygdala exhibited decreased retention latencies in inhibitory avoidance compared to those of unoperated controls. This decrease was not attenuated by glucose at doses of 8.33 and 16.67 nmol. Therefore, these findings suggest that the amygdala is another brain region in which glucose affects brain functions, possibly by interacting with the opioid system and/or other neurotransmitter systems.

Amygdala↗

PubMed1993

Sclerosing lipogranulomatosis: a case report of scrotal injection of automobile transmission fluid and literature review of subcutaneous injection of oils.

For nearly a century, physicians and laypersons have attempted to repair, reconstruct, and embellish the human body in numerous ways by injecting various oils beneath the skin. Soon after Gersuny's first reported subcutaneous injection of oil, the local and systemic complications became apparent. Despite this, the practice of oil injections continues. "Medical grade" silicone injection was investigated in the 1960s to 1980s with varied success and complications. While few physicians practice oil injection therapy, some laypersons continue to subject themselves or their clients to the risk of the disfiguring complications of sclerosing lipogranulomata. Accidental high-pressure injection injury of liquids, so-called grease gun injuries, continues to provide a therapeutic challenge for the hand surgeon. Our case of a man who injected automobile transmission fluid into his scrotum illustrates the classical course and proper management of sclerosing lipogranulomata. A subcutaneous inflammatory and fibrosing reaction occurred with regional lymphadenopathy. The need for complete excision of all involved tissue to treat the condition successfully is illustrated. This case also illustrates the tendency of patients to conceal from their doctors the history of self-injection of foreign bodies. In cases of self-injection, psychological counseling might certainly be appropriate.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of ramipril on the drinking response caused by injection of noradrenaline into the third ventricle.

We studied the effect of ramipril injected into the third ventricle (3rdV) on the control of water intake induced by injection of noradrenaline into the 3rdV of adult male Holtzman rats (250-300 g) implanted with a chronic stainless steel cannula into the 3rdV. The injection volume was always 1 microliter and was injected over a period of 30-60 sec. Control animals were injected with 0.15 M NaCl. After the injection of isotonic saline (control, 0.15 M NaCl) into the 3rdV, water ingestion was 0.3 +/- 0.1 ml/h. Ramipril (1 mircogram/microliter) injected into the 3rdV prior to isotonic saline produced no changes in water ingestion (0.4 +/- 0.2 ml/h). The injection of noradrenaline (40 nmol/microliter) after isotonic saline induced an increase in water intake (3.0 +/- 1.1 ml/h). The prior injection of ramipril decreased this ingestion to 1.8 +/- 0.3 ml/h. These data show that the inhibition of converting enzyme in the brain reduces the water intake induced by catecholaminergic stimulation. We conclude that the brain is able to transform the prodrug ramipril into the active drug ramiprilat.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗

PubMed1998

Cardiovascular disease and use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives. Results of an international, multicenter, case-control study. World Health Organization Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception.

This report describes the first study to evaluate the risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated with the use of oral and injectable progestogen-only and combined injectable contraceptives. Based on combined data from Africa, Asia, Europe, and Latin America collected in the World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborative Study, odds ratios (OR) for CVD combined, strokes, venous thromboembolism (VTE), and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were calculated. Among 3697 CVD cases (59% stroke, 31% VTE, and 10% AMI), 53, 37, and 13 women, respectively, were current users of oral and injectable progestogen-only and combined injectable contraceptives. Overall, the adjusted OR for all CVD combined compared with nonusers of any type of steroid hormone contraceptive (SHC) associated with current use of oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives and combined injectable contraceptives, respectively, were 1.14 (95% CI: 0.79-1.63), 1.02 (0.68-1.54), and 0.95 (0.49-1.86). No significant changes in OR were apparent for strokes, VTE, or AMI in association with any of these types of contraception. However, a small, nonsignificant increase in OR for VTE was apparent in association with oral and injectable progestogen-only contraceptives. Among women with a history of hypertension, OR for stroke, as compared with that for nonusers of any type of SHC with no history of hypertension, rose from 7.2 (6.1-8.5) among nonusers of any type of SHC to 12.4 (4.1-37.6) among current users of all oral progestogens. Although limited by the small number of cases and control subjects using the types of contraceptives under investigation, these data suggest that there is little or no increased risk of stroke, VTE, or AMI associated with the use of oral or injectable progestogen-only or combined injectable contraceptives. However, further investigation into a possible adverse effect on stroke risk of progestogen-only contraceptives used by women with a history of high blood pressure are indicated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1956