Drug addiction: I. A theoretical framework for behavior therapy.
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Fourteen methadone maintenance individuals participated in a 10-week program comparing the relative effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral (CB) versus discussion-type (DISC) group in developing adaptive behavioral skills and self-evaluations. Posttreatment and follow-up results indicated that the CB group was significantly more successful than the DISC group in lowering reported levels of anxiety, depression, and situational non-assertiveness. These data are discussed in terms of a comprehensive, social rehabilitation program that involves multiple treatment techniques and measurement criteria.
The empirical literature on personality characteristics of heroin addicts is reviewed. Studies using projective techniques, attribution theory, measures of needs values traits, and self-report inventories are summarized as they relate to heroin addicts. Summary statements are included in each section.
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Understanding the gains and losses experienced by the patient and his family aids in assessing the psychologic sequela of peripheral vascular surgery. Placing the patients' individual responses into the categories of: function, self-directiveness, self-definition, and future orientation offers a way to conceptualize the meaning of the illness to the patient. Factors such as physical mobility and integrity, self-concept and body image greatly influence the adaption process. Conceptually, these elements provide a framework upon which to base nursing intervention. Careful observation, skillful interviewing, and interpersonal support are appropriate nursing considerations when caring for the patient with peripheral vascular disease. The goal of adaption is a successful reintegration of the whole person,which comes from an acceptance of both gains and losses experienced in surviving peripheral vascular surgery.