SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Keratoconjunctivitis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of tear break-up time, Schirmer's-I test and rose bengal staining as confirmatory tests for keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

The tear break-up time (BUT), Schirmer's I test (S-I) and slit lamp examination after rose Bengal staining (RBS) are simple tests for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS). Discrepancies, however, regarding the range of normal values and the specificity and sensitivity of these methods prompted us to reevaluate them in 81 primary Sjögren's syndrome patients (Ss) and 276 normal volunteers. In normal volunteers, BUT values ranged from 4 sec. to 32 sec. (means +/- SD: 13 +/- 6 sec.) and in primary Ss from 1 sec. to 15 sec. (means +/- SD: 7 +/- 3 sec.). Ninety five percent (95%) of the values from primary Ss patients were below 12 sec. Forty two percent (42%) of the values obtained from normal individuals fall within this range. Schirmer's I test values in normal individuals ranged from 0 mm/5 min. to 30 mm/5 min. (means +/- SD: 10 +/- 9 mm) and in primary Ss patients from 0 mm/5 min. to 30 mm/5 min. (means +/- SD: 4 +/- 7 mm.). Ninety five percent (95%) of the primary Ss patients' values were below 19 mm/5 min. Sixty eight percent (68%) of the normal individual values fall into this range. Rose Bengal staining values ranged in normals from 0 to 7 (means +/- SD: 1 +/- 1) and in primary Ss patients from 1 to 8 (means +/- SD: 5 +/- 2). Ninety five percent (95%) of the primary Ss patients' values were above 2. Only 7% of normal individual values fall into this range. From these data we conclude that rose Bengal staining is the best test for evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

[Characteristics of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjögren's disease and syndrome].

The paper is devoted to an analysis of the clinical manifestations of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's syndrome in combination with SLE, sclerodermia systematica, rheumatoid arthritis, and in Sjogren's disease. Some characteristic signs of a course of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in Sjogren's disease and syndrome were defined.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis associated with cosmetic soft contact lens wear.

Thirteen patients who wore soft contact lenses were seen with a syndrome consistent with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis. An irregular epithelial surface, punctate staining with fluorescein, and subepithelial infiltrates were found on the superior aspect of the corneas in association with hyperemia of the superior bulbar conjunctivae. The keratoconjunctivitis persisted as long as 15 months after discontinuation of lens wear. Patch testing with ophthalmic vehicle preservatives, performed on seven patients, failed to show a consistent hypersensitivity to any of the tested compounds, and three patients had used only preservative-free saline for lens care. The etiology of this syndrome is unknown.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid masquerading as superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

A 49-year-old woman had been treated for 18 months for superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis of the right eye. Pathologic examination of a biopsy specimen of the superior perilimbal conjunctiva disclosed intraepithelial carcinoma of sebaceous gland origin. Because of the extensive involvement of the conjunctival epithelium by tumor, a subtotal orbital exenteration was performed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of sebaceous carcinoma masquerading as superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

[Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. In vivo images of corneal structures with the confocal Rostocker laser scanning microscope (RLSM)].

PURPOSE: Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) is a highly contagious infection caused by adenovirus types 8, 19, and 37. The formation of subepithelial nummular infiltrates may lead to permanent visual disturbance. These infiltrates consist histopathologically of an accumulation of lymphocytes, histiocytes, and fibroblasts. PATIENT AND METHOD: The reasons for the persistence of these nummular infiltrates are not fully understood. We examined a 28-year-old female patient with typical signs of EKC infection clinically and additionally with the RLSM. RESULTS: Nummuli were identified by the RLSM as areas with an accumulation of dendritic cells (supposed to be Langerhans cells) as well as so far unidentified punctiform structures located in the basal cell layer and in the region of the subepithelial nerve plexus. CONCLUSIONS: The RLSM allows us to investigate corneal microstructures in vivo with precise depth localization related to epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Further investigations may disclose the role of dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of the nummular formation as well as their contribution to the variable persistence of partially threatening vision opacities.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Detecting adenoviruses].

OBJECTIVE: The validity of the 15-min adenovirus assay SAS Adenotest was evaluated compared with virus detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from conjunctival swabs. METHODS: In 75 patients with assumed epidemic keratoconjunctivitis, adenovirus detection from conjunctival swabs was performed by the immunochromatographic assay SAS Adenotest and PCR. RESULTS: In 25 patients adenovirus was detected by PCR, 18 of whom were detected by the SAS Adenotest and 7 of whom were not. No false positive results occurred. Sensitivity was 72% and specificity was 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that rapid adenovirus detection with the SAS Adenotest is a useful tool in early epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. An additional PCR should be performed when clinical symptoms persist for 5 days or more.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1975

Clinical and immunologic responses in patients with viral keratoconjunctivitis.

Of 120 individuals suffering from follicular conjunctivitis, with or without keratitis, 56 had epidemic keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus type 8. The remaining 64 patients had keratoconjunctivitis produced by several different viruses, including herpes simplex, adenoviruses types 3, 7, 8, 16, 21, and 29, and others. Positive viral cultures were difficult to obtain after the first week of illness in most viral infections. Serologic tests were far more successful in indetifying causative agents. Hemagglutination-inhibition tests in adenovirus infections proved to be fast, accurate, and more sensitive than other serologic tests. Among the epidemic and nonepidemic adenovirus groups, the degree of corneal involvement in the infections appeared to be correlated with the level antibody against the infectious agent. Patients with low antibody titers had more severe keratitis than those with high titers. This correlation was true for both the epidemic and non epidemic patients.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1976

Use of vidarabine in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus types 3, 7, 8, and 19.

Adenovirus types 3,7,8, and 19 were isolated during an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. There was no clinically recognizable difference in the severity of the disease produced by each adenovirus type. Twenty-nine patients with positive viral cultures were given either 3.3% vidarabine ointment or polyvinyl alcohol eyedrops within five days of the onset od disease, and were observed for at least 14 days. An observer unaware of which medication was prescribed found subepithelial corneal infiltrates in 81% of vidarabine-treated patients and in 63% of control subjects. Vidarabine was ineffective in preventing subepithelial corneal infiltrates in keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus.

Adenoviridae Infections↗

PubMed1976

Clinical and laboratory evaluation of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus types 8 and 19.

During a community outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to adenovirus types 8 and 19, we compared the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the two viruses. Much of the disease was mild and the keratoconjunctivitis associated with adenovirus type 8 was indistinguishable clinically from that associated with adenovirus type 19. Adenovirus type 8 was isolated only from the conjunctival sac, whereas adenovirus type 19 was frequently cultured from the nose, throat, and conjunctiva. The two adenovirus types were never isolated from the same individual. In a prospective study of ten individuals exposed to known cases, adenovirus type 19 was isolated from two without clinical disease.

Adenoviridae↗

PubMed1981

Orally administered tetracycline for phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis.

We treated six patients who had recurrent episodes of nontuberculous phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis and progressive corneal vascularization and scarring with oral tetracycline. This treatment resulted in rapid relief of symptoms and the apparent arrest of this disease. There have been no complications secondary to the use of tetracycline. To date, there has been only one recurrence in the patients treated with tetracycline which consisted of mild conjunctival hyperemia. We believe oral tetracycline is a safe and effective treatment for resistant and recurrent nontuberculous phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis and an alternative to topical corticosteroid treatment in those patients suffering from corticosteroid-induced complications.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

Vitamin A eyedrops for superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.

We treated 12 patients with superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis with topical vitamin A (retinol palmitate) eyedrops. After a follow-up period of at least three months, this therapy was found to be effective, to a varying extent, in ten patients (83%). Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis lesions did not recur in these patients as long as topical application was continued.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Blinding keratoconjunctivitis and child abuse.

PURPOSE: To report an unusual, blinding inflicted eye injury in young children. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: Retrospective study in an institutional clinical practice of two families in whom the probands had inferior half keratoconjunctivitis and additional signs of child abuse. RESULTS: Two unrelated infants presented with bilateral, asymmetrical, external eye disease affecting the lower half of the cornea and conjunctiva. One eye had perforated. All eyes recovered quickly while the patients were in the hospital with no specific treatment. There were other signs of child abuse detected by further studies on the patients, and in one case, the younger sibling was the subject of severely damaging physical abuse. CONCLUSIONS: Inflicted corneal injuries are nonspecific, and unexplained keratoconjunctivitis, especially in the lower half of the conjunctiva and cornea in infants should alert the clinician to the possibility child abuse, but, by itself cannot be taken as being pathognomonic of abuse.

Blindness↗

PubMed2001

Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis resulting in keratoconjunctivitis sicca in a child.

PURPOSE: To describe a case of severe dry eye syndrome in a child. METHODS: Observational case report. The authors describe a 10-year-old male with severe dry eyes who was profoundly disabled by pain and photophobia despite aggressive conventional therapy. Lacrimal gland histology was consistent with the primary Sjögren syndrome, and serologic and immunohistologic evidence supported the hypothesis of Epstein-Barr virus causality. RESULTS: Treatment with systemic acyclovir and cyclosporin A resulted in dramatic and rapid reversal of the profound sicca syndrome and enabled the patient to resume his normal activities. CONCLUSION: Epstein-Barr virus dacryoadenitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of keratoconjunctivitis sicca in children. Epstein-Barr virus can cause keratoconjunctivitis sicca, which can be treated successfully with acyclovir therapy in addition to suppression of the inflammatory response.

Acyclovir↗

PubMed2003

Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a HIV-seronegative patient treated with debridement and oral itraconazole.

PURPOSE: To report a case of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in an HIV-seronegative. METHODS: We report on a 40-year-old woman who presented with acute symptoms of 4 days' duration. Visual acuity was 6/6 in the right eye and 6/6 partial in the left eye. In the left eye, there was diffuse conjunctival congestion with papillary changes. There were multiple raised epithelial lesions in the cornea. RESULTS: Corneal scrapings stained with potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white showed Microsporidium spores in large numbers. These spores with polar staining were also confirmed in Gram stain. One month after initiation of itraconazole, the left eye was quiet. She had a visual acuity of 6/6 in that eye, with faint corneal haze. CONCLUSIONS: We report a rare case of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in a HIV-seronegative patient who was treated by debridement and oral itraconazole. Microsporidium should be suspected even in an immunocompetent individual if the corneal examination revealed showed multiple raised epithelial lesions.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1993

Treatment of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis with topical fumagillin.

Encephalitozoon hellem is a newly described cause of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis, occurring chiefly in patients with significantly diminished CD4+ T-lymphocyte levels. This disorder is symptomatically disabling and generally recalcitrant to topical antimicrobial therapy. Two homosexual men with E. hellem keratoconjunctivitis diagnosed by Gram stain, transmission electron microscopy, and specific indirect immunofluorescent assay were treated with topical fumagillin (Fumidil B). Both patients had marked symptomatic improvement with reduction of clinical findings. Symptoms and signs recurred with temporary discontinuation of the drug. Both patients, however, remained symptom-free on maintenance levels of topical fumagillin with no evidence of toxic side effects.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗

PubMed2002

The effects of cidofovir 1% with and without cyclosporin a 1% as a topical treatment of acute adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis: a controlled clinical pilot study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of cidofovir 1% eyedrops with and without cyclosporin A 1% eyedrops as a treatment of acute adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-four patients with acute adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis of recent onset. METHODS: Patients were divided into 4 treatment groups: 1) cidofovir four times daily, 2) cidofovir 10 times daily, 3) cidofovir four times daily and cyclosporin A four times daily, and 4) sodium chloride four times daily (control). The diagnosis was confirmed by adenoviral polymerase chain reaction from conjunctival swabs. Duration of treatment was 21 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Severity of conjunctival injection, conjunctival chemosis, punctate epithelial keratitis during the course of treatment, and presence and severity of corneal subepithelial infiltrates were evaluated by a clinical score. Duration until subjective improvement of symptoms was recorded. RESULTS: The frequency of severe corneal opacities was lower with cidofovir (P = 0.048). Cidofovir was toxic locally to the skin of the eyelids and the conjunctiva in a dose-dependent manner. Symptoms of local toxicity were clinically similar to the signs of the initial viral inflammation. They first appeared 8 to 12 days after beginning of treatment and completely subsided 7 to 28 days after discontinuation of cidofovir. The outcome measures of local inflammation did not differ between the four treatment groups. Cyclosporin A did not alter the course of the infection. CONCLUSIONS: Cidofovir lowers the frequency of severe corneal opacities, but its clinical use 4 to 10 times daily at a 1% concentration is limited by local toxicity. Further clinical studies to find an efficacious yet tolerable dosage regimen of cidofovir, possibly using an improved pharmaceutical preparation, are required.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1988

Plasmapheresis treatment in patients with severe atopic keratoconjunctivitis.

A 19-year-old woman with hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (the hyper-IgE syndrome [HIE]) and a 62-year-old man with atopic dermatitis experienced dramatic improvement in their chronic ocular symptoms and signs of atopic keratoconjunctivitis after plasmapheresis was instituted. Both patients had previously received topical and oral corticosteroids as well as topical cromolyn sodium without significant beneficial effect. The authors recommend a trial of plasmapheresis in selected patients with recalcitrant and debilitating atopic keratoconjunctivitis when standard therapy proves unsuccessful.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Chronic keratoconjunctivitis associated with congenital dyskeratosis and erythrokeratodermia variablis. Two rare genodermatoses.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to report the ocular manifestations and immunohistopathologic description of two rare forms of genodermatosis: congenital dyskeratosis (CD) and erythrokeratodermia variabilis (EKV). DESIGN: Case reports. PARTICIPANTS: Two patients with CD and EKV presenting with chronic keratoconjunctivitis were studied. INTERVENTION: Clinical photography to show ocular manifestations and dermatologic findings was performed. Conjunctival biopsy was performed to determine the histopathology and immunohistopathology. RESULTS: In the patient with EKV, the eyelid skin was dry, erythematous, and thickened. The lid margins showed plugging of some of the Meibomian glands, madarosis, and occasional trichiasis. The epibulbar conjunctiva was injected and had a moderate papillary reaction. Both corneas had pronounced vascularization and stromal scarring. Conjunctival biopsy results disclosed a striking number of degranulating mast cells and moderate numbers of plasma cells. Immunohistopathology showed pronounced immunoglobulin G (IgG)-positive cells in the stroma and immunoglobulin A (IgA) positivity in the epithelium. There was scattered immunoglobulin M (IgM) and moderate C3 and C4 positivity in the stroma. In CD, the patient had keratinized lid margins, entropion formation, trichiasis, cicatrizing conjunctivitis, and symblephra formation. The corneal surface was keratinized, with deep and superficial vascularization. Conjunctival biopsy specimens showed pronounced epithelial keratinization and squamous metaplasia. Degranulating mast cells and eosinophils were prominent in the stroma. Immunohistopathology showed C4 and immunoglobulin D positivity on the keratinized epithelial surface with rare foci of immunoglobulin E-positive cells. Basal epithelial cells were positive for IgA and IgG, and a large number of IgA and IgG plasma cells were present in the substantia propria. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, these case reports represent the first clinical description of the ocular manifestation of EKV and the first immunohistopathologic description of the affected conjunctiva in EKV and CD, both of which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of genodermatosis associated with chronic keratoconjunctivitis.

Adolescent↗