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PubMed1977

Medical laboratory personnel: clinical education and employment in Connecticut.

This paper presents the results of a survey of CLA, MLT, and MT graduates of clinical programs in Connecticut. It reports on characteristics such as educational background and employment history. Differences among the three professional categories are examined with respect to method of locating first job, setting, activities and tasks, job titles, and applicability of education to employment.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1992

Medical laboratory technologists' perception of professional self. A study of Swedish MLTs employed in clinical chemistry.

The subjective perception of professional self was studied for a sample of Medical Laboratory Technologists (MLTs) employed in Clinical Chemistry in Sweden. The sample (N = 488) consisted of a randomized tenth of members of their trade union. A mailed questionnaire with 21 items concerning self-description compared with peers in a seven-point Likert type scale was completed by 332 (68%). There was no significant overall difference concerning the four principal types of workplace: Clinical Chemistry, Blood Serology, Primary Care and Clinical Chemistry/Blood Serology. The main difference was found between those in managerial posts (N = 72) and the other MLTs (N = 260). Factor analysis showed three principal components, labelled Professionalism, Work Ethic, and Empathy, but also a different composition of variables of the components for the manager group compared with the non-manager group.

Chemistry, Clinical↗
PubMed1998

INR reporting in Canadian medical laboratories: an update. Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada.

A written survey of all licensed medical laboratories performing coagulation testing in Canada was undertaken in 1996 as a follow-up to a study performed in 1992. The an overall response rate was 77.4% of the laboratories surveyed. During the 4-year period between surveys, the percentage of responding laboratories using some format for international normalized ratio (INR) reporting increased from 57% to 98%. The mean International Sensitivity Index (ISI) of the various thromboplastins used had decreased from 2.07 to 1.63. However, only 35% of responding laboratories used a thromboplastin with an ISI of 1.2 or less as recommended by the American College of Chest Physicians. In 92% of cases, the ISI was said to be specified for the type of instrument, ie, optical density vs mechanical. However, in only 52% of cases was the ISI known to be specific for the particular reagent-analyzer combination used in the individual laboratory. Nine percent of the laboratories were still using an inappropriate denominator for the INR calculation. While 87% of laboratories quoted a therapeutic INR range of 2.0 to 3.0 for venous thromboembolism, there was much greater variation in the range reported for patients undergoing heart valve replacement. The situation in Canada has improved in using the INR system for prothrombin time reporting. However, additional education is required, as is greater use of thromboplastins with a lower ISI.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Venipuncture in the medical physiology laboratory.

Medical physiology laboratories, traditionally devoted to animal experimentation, face unprecedented difficulties linked to cost, staffing, instrumentation, and the use of animals. At the same time, laboratory experiences with living creatures play a unique role in medical education. In this article we describe the use of venipuncture and subsequent blood analysis, with medical students serving as both subjects and experimenters, in a sequence of first-year physiology laboratories. These experiments are safe, robust, inexpensive, and time efficient, and they teach the principles of cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, nutritional, and gastrointestinal physiology. In addition, they enhance medical education in several other important dimensions. First, they teach safe venous blood collection and handling, a training appropriate for students at this level. Second, by serving each week as subjects as well as experimenters, students experience aspects of both sides of the doctor-patient relationship. Third, the laboratories can be used to teach fundamentals of research design and analysis. Finally, because blood analysis is central to medicine, and because the student's own blood data are discussed, students are enthusiastic and cooperative, and the clinical relevance of the data is clear.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1992

The role of the medical laboratory technologist in drinking and driving cases. Part 1: The Criminal Code and blood collection for alcohol analysis.

Police officers can now demand blood samples from suspected impaired drivers in Canada to determine their Blood Alcohol Concentration. The medical laboratory technologist has been given the authority to take blood samples for legal purposes, as well as the authorization to complete certificates used as evidence in court. The proper procedures for the taking of blood samples and the completion of certificates are described in detail. The Criminal Code offences dealing with drinking and driving, the means by which police officers can legally obtain blood samples, the Blood Alcohol Kit, and the provision of providing blood collection evidence in court are discussed to aid the technologists in understanding their role in this process. The Criminal Code definitions of a "qualified medical practitioner", a "qualified technician", and "approved containers" are also described.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1989

Product liability in the medical laboratory.

Under recent product liability legislation patients who suffer damage from any treatment materials administered to them will not have to prove negligence in order to claim compensation for any injury suffered. Optimum quality assurance and detailed documentation will be necessary for defence against litigation by a patient. Transfusion medicine is the main area of laboratory practice where litigation can be expected, but implications for other medical laboratories are referred to.

Blood Transfusion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Development of medical laboratory equipment for mass screening of the population].

Mass health screening dictates the necessity to expand the range and output of clinical laboratory devices in medical industrial production, to create and introduce devices for microanalysis in clinical practice. The successful realization of the above problems calls for an integrated approach to develop engineering methodological, chemical and metrologic provision of the clinical and diagnostic laboratory studies, to solve technological and organizational problems in developing and producing the new generation of clinical laboratory devices and sets.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2000

A survey of aPTT reporting in Canadian medical laboratories. The need for increased standardization. Thrombosis Interest Group of Canada.

A survey of all licensed medical laboratories performing activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) testing in Canada was undertaken; the response rate was 50.7%. Preanalytic phase of testing seemed generally satisfactory, although 46% of laboratories were still using 3.8% or a 129-mmol/L concentration of citrate, and only 59% of institutions routinely performed testing to verify the platelet-poor status of the plasma used for aPTT testing. There were also concerns relating to the speed and duration of centrifugation for specimen preparation. While more than 67% of institutions had established an individual therapeutic range for aPTT testing, only 47% of laboratories verified this range with heparinized samples. Approximately 67% of the institutions that had verified the range had done this by spiking heparin concentrations into pooled plasma rather than using ex vivo specimens from patients receiving heparin therapy. There seemed to be a need for increased education about circumstances under which the therapeutic range should be rechecked and current standards for screening for the lupus anticoagulant. More than 71% of Canadian institutions surveyed used low-molecular-weight heparin, which may obviate many of the issues surrounding aPTT testing. Overall performance as documented by survey results seemed similar to that reported for the United States and Australasia.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1991

Concept of "Medilab" orbital bio-medical laboratory.

This paper discusses goals and objectives of the Soviet project to build an orbital bio-medical laboratory "Medilab". Special attention is given to the programme of scientific and practical use, design, structure and information support of the dedicated space laboratory.

Aerospace Medicine↗
PubMed1982

Continuing education for medical laboratory personnel: The telephone conference approach.

In the wake of a health care knowledge explosion, maintaining practitioner competency is an important concern of both practicing health care professionals and the many certifying and licensing bodies. One approach to this issue, particularly for professionals in rural areas, is the use of telephone conferencing. With this approach, the practitioner is able to participate in continuing education by listening to a lecture broadcast over conventional long-distance telephone lines. In advance of each program, printed and visual materials are forwarded to the respective conference sites. At the end of the lecture, each participant is given the opportunity to engage the speaker in a question and answer session. This paper describes the programmatic activities related to developing, implementing, and evaluating the telephone conference approach. This approach, with respect to the continuing education of medical laboratory personnel, has been operating at the University of Nebraska Center for the past seven years.

Education, Continuing↗
PubMed1981

Effectiveness of federally required medical laboratory screening in the detection of chemical liver injury.

The increasing concern of industrialized societies over the potential health hazard of synthetic chemicals in the occupational environment has led to government requirements for medical laboratory screening of workers. The specific tests for such screening programs are most often selected on the basis of medical experience which utilized them in symptomatic or hospitalized populations. Required screening tests for hepatic injury including cancer in vinyl chloride workers has been systematically and prospectively studied in an industrial population working with synthetic rubber and plastics. Approximately 1300 employees were studied over a five-year period. A cohort of 969 male employees, for the purposes of analysis, were divided into a "standard" and "nonstandard" population based upon the absence or presence of significant medical disease (including liver disease). A subcohort of 120 individuals was further identified based on availabiliity of liver biopsy. Evaluation of federally required studies included alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGTP), alanine aminotranserase (ALT, SGPT), aspartic aminotransferase (AST, SGOT) and bilirubin (BR). Also studied were indocyanine green clearance (ICG) and radioisotopic liver spleen scans (L-S scans). The GGTP provided the highest positive predicted value as a screening test for identifying "nonstandard" individuals (individuals with all types of medical disease) followed by ICG, AST, ALT, L-S scan, AP, and BR. In the identification of asymptomatic liver disease the GGTP had the least specificity due to a high false positive rate, while the AP provided the highest specificity. The ICG clearance however, provided the best combination of positive predictive value and sum of specificity and sensitivity. The AP provided additional increase in specificity as a follow-up study. There was no evidence that any of the other federally required tests added any additional benefit and did add significant increase in the false positive rate. These studies support the need for evaluating screening tests as to their sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value, in asymptomatic individuals, before they are made established requirements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1981

Uniform admissions system for a medical laboratory sciences program.

A system for selection of medical technology students has been developed that features numerical ranking of applicants according to a uniform point system. Each applicant is quantitatively evaluated on achievement of academic and non-academic criteria identified as predictors of success in the student program and in clinical practice. This admissions system has been statistically evaluated by comparing admissions data for 59 graduates with subsequent measures of success during the program and in their first professional employment. The academic and non-academic predictors used in this system describe separate sets of applicant characteristics and appear to be effective as predictors of success. Academic and non-academic predictors are found to function independently of each other as predictors of success in the academic aspects of the program and in the clinical, non-cognitive aspects of both the student program and subsequent professional practice, respectively.

Educational Measurement↗