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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

A study of the health conditions of child workers in a small scale leather industry in Calcutta.

Forty male children aged between seven and 14 years, working in small scale leather workshops in a slum locality in Calcutta were studied, along with a control group of 40 non-working male children of the same age group, same locality, and the same socioeconomic class. Three specific health problems--namely, low back and ankle pain, dizziness, and tingling pain in the hands were found in a significantly higher proportion in the working children. For height, weight, nutritional state, and general morbidity pattern, however there were no significant differences between the two groups. Possibly the particular sitting posture of the child workers for long working hours and the chemical nature of the glue and solvents used in this industry were responsible for the manifestations in the working children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Factors in the sociocultural environment of child labourers: a study in a small scale leather goods industry in Calcutta.

OBJECTIVES: During a study of the occupational health of the child workers in several small leather workshops, investigations were also made of the sociocultural factors that made it necessary for the children, aged between 7 and 14 years, to work. The psychosocial effects of the same factors were also investigated. METHODS: Personal interviews were carried out with a prepared questionaire, and the findings were compared between the working children and a control group of the same number of non-working children from the neighbourhood, matched for age, sex, and religion. RESULTS: It was found that the foremost cause of taking up employment by the children was poverty. The overall effects found were deprivation of education and lowering of aspirations, that indicated a blunting of mental faculties. CONCLUSION: Prolonged, monotonous work in childhood that precludes education and healthy recreation, is harmful to the children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Relationship between lice infestation and leather damage in cattle.

The relationship between lice infestation and leather damage was investigated in a trial involving 61 cattle, half of which were treated with ectoparasiticides for lice control either in their first or second year. Hides from the lice-free and lousy calves were removed manually at an abattoir, tanned and inspected for lice-related damage, commercially referred to as light spot and/or fleck. In both the first- and second-year animals there was a significant difference between the hides of the lousy and lice-free animals, confirming that the chewing louse Bovicola bovis is a cause of winter light spot. There was also a difference between the two groups in the levels of scratch damage. After the infested animals had been treated with fenvalerate and eprinomectin to kill all the lice, the damage to the hides had not been fully reversed 13 weeks later.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Simple staining of bacteria and fungi in hide, skin and leather.

Enhanced detection of bacteria and fungi in raw skin and in skin from the various processing stages in leather production was achieved with a new staining procedure. A combination of cresyl violet and azure A is recommended in conjunction with Young's periodic acid-Schiff's reagent.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Pulmonary toxicity following exposure to an aerosolized leather protector.

BACKGROUND: An aerosol spray for leather protection was reformulated to remove trichloroethane. The new formulation contained isobutane, n-heptane, ethyl acetate and fluoroaliphatics. RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW: Thirty-nine patients reported symptoms to the regional poison center. Respiratory symptoms developed within hours of exposure. Most symptoms resolved within two days. Abnormal pulmonary function tests, including obstructive disease or diminished diffusing capacity, were demonstrated in three of the four tested patients. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism for the pulmonary toxicity has not been determined.

Acetates↗
PubMed1999

[Lung damage after use of conditioner sprays for leather and textiles].

A series of poisoning cases have been caused by private spraying of leather and textiles with a conditioner. Symptoms and signs from the airways as well as general symptoms have not been explained by any of the ingredients. Spray impregnation should be carried out where efficient ventilation is available.

Aerosols↗
PubMed2001

Photocatalytic degradation of leather dye over ZnO catalyst supported on alumina and glass surfaces.

The photocatalytic degradation of leather dye, Acid green 16, has been investigated over a ZnO catalyst supported on two different materials, namely alumina and glass beads (3-5 mm diameter). Sunlight was used as the energy source. The alumina-supported ZnO outperformed the glass-supported ZnO under identical operational conditions suggesting that the dye molecules are adsorbed on the alumina supports to make a high concentration environment around the loaded ZnO. The degradation efficiency was greater at pH = 4 compared to other acidic and neutral pH. Also, the degradation efficiency was a little bit higher in alkaline medium, which correlates with the adsorption behaviour of acid green 16 on the alumina supported ZnO. The influence of inorganic oxidants like H2O2, FeCl3 and Fenton reagent on the degradation efficiency were systematically studied. The decolourisation and extent of degradation of the dye were determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy and COD reflux methods, respectively. Complete mineralisation of the dye was conformed by High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

Catalysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cohort study of mortality among leather tanners in the Lower Valdarno area].

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies of tanners have shown increased risk for a number of cancer sites, namely: lung, bladder, kidney and urinary organs as well as stomach, intestine, pancreas, nose and nasal cavities, together with leukemias and soft tissue sarcomas. OBJECTIVE: To study cause specific mortality of leather tanners in Tuscany (Valdarno Inferiore area). METHODS: The cohort included 4874 workers (4150 males and 724 females) employed in 92 tanneries operating in 1996 (Valdarno Inferiore Tanneries Census) which were also operating on 31-12-1970. Ascertainment of vital status was completed for all individuals on 31-12-1998 (end of follow-up), and the cause of death was known for all deceased subjects. Demographic and work history data were obtained from factory payrolls. Regional mortality rates were used for comparison to calculate SMR (Standardised Mortality Ratio) and 90% Confidence Intervals (CI). In addition to the overall cohort analysis, for men only separate analyses were completed for finishers, chrome tanners and vegetable tanners. RESULTS: The study showed an increased mortality from lung cancer among finishers, Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR) 145, 19 observed (obs) (90% Confidence Intervals, 90% CI 95-212), from bladder cancer in the overall cohort (SMR 134, 9 obs, 90% CI 70-233) and among finishers (SMR 125, 2 obs, 90% CI 22-393) and from pancreatic cancer among finishers (SMR 120, 2 obs, 90% CI 21-379). Mortality from lymphoemopoietic cancer is above expected, and the increase is mainly due to myeloid leukaemia, both in males (SMR 208, 5 obs, 90% CI 82-437) and females (SMR 599, 2 obs, 90% CI 106-1887). No deaths from soft tissue sarcoma were observed. A new finding of the study was the increased mortality from cancer of the endocrine glands (SMR 566, 4 obs, 90% CI 194-1297), psychiatric disorders (SMR 195, 6 obs, 90% CI 85-385) and blood diseases (SMR 329, 4 obs, IC 90% 112-752). CONCLUSIONS: The observations of increased lung cancer mortality among finishers, of bladder cancer in the overall cohort and among finishers, as well as an increase in pancreatic cancer among the latter, confirm previous epidemiological findings among tanners. The increase in myeloid leukemia mortality for both males and females, and the absence of deaths from cancer of the connective tissue, which includes soft tissue sarcomas, are worthy of note. The results should be valued with caution, given the small number of cases and the novelty of some observations.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[A cohort study on the cancer experience among workers exposed to benzidine-derived dyes in Shanghai leather-tanning industry].

901 male workers who have ever been exposed to the benzidine-derived dyes for more than 1 year in Shanghai leather-tanning industry, were investigated about their occupational history, smoking and drinking histories, case history of cancer, and the causes of death. The results showed that there was an excess morbidity of bladder cancer in this population, and the SIR was 273 (P = 0.05) compared with the general population of Shanghai urban. It may be noted that the excess of the bladder cancer was presented mainly in those workers whose ages of the first exposure were under 19 years old, and the bladder cancer incidence seemed to be associated positively with the cumulative duration of exposure. The survey about the smoking history did not show any obvious relationship between smoking and the development of the bladder cancer. Moreover, it was seen that a trend of excessive in incidence of the nasopharyngeal cancer and the lymphosarcoma existed in this population.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Preventive measures in shoe and leather industry].

The paper presents the results of a survey of the organization and implementation of preventive medicine programmes in the shoe and leather industries 10 years after the introduction of the National Health Service in Italy. There was a marked difference between the resources available in central and northern Italy where, although unevenly, prevention at the workplace has improved, and the regions of southern Italy were the situation is decidedly less comforting. The methods used by the Occupational Health Services in the territories under study are described, which are characterised by programmed or planned activities (according to industrial sector) mainly aimed at acquiring better knowledge of the risk factors and their effective elimination.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

An improved Leather valve cutter for in situ saphenous vein arterial bypass.

The Leather valve cutter allows the in situ saphenous vein below-knee arterial bypass to be used with smaller veins and is faster than previous methods. A persistent problem with the valve cutter, however, is its tendency to separate from the Fogarty catheter as it is being pulled through the saphenous vein. An improved valve cutter which can be easily constructed and prevents accidental dislodgement is described herein. It has been used successfully in six patients without complications.

Humans↗
PubMed1985

[Investigation of the exposure to solvents in leather goods workers in the Florence area].

A survey was carried out in 15 leather goods manufactures in the Florence's Province in order to indicate the parameters for the evaluation of the exposure due to solvents by personal samplings. N-esano concentration was correlated to the following parameters: ventilation, volume of the premises, gluing surface of the articles, gluing process and relative methods. Aim of the survey was to point out the more useful parameters, to assess the glue users exposure, in order to effect improvements in the working process and premises of the workshops in the whole area. As a final result of the survey the parameter with the best correlation to n-hexane concentration was the one indicated as "gluing method". Some prevention advises are indicated.

Adhesives↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Energy expenditures and the actual nutrition of workers in a synthetic leather plant].

A study was made of energy expenditures and factual nutrition of the workers engaged in synthetic leather manufacture. Antropometric measurements were also taken. Based on the study of daily energy expenditures, the calculations were made of the optimal requirements of the main substances and energy. The actual nutrition of the workers was found to provide the necessary caloricity covering energy expenditures. However, definite shortcomings were revealed in the structure of the foods consumed, namely insufficient intake of vegetable fats, the prevalence of simple sugars in the structure of carbohydrate component, insufficient intake of vitamins A, B1 and folacin. According to the antropometric measurements 30,4% of the examined workers were obese.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dimethylformamide risk. An evaluation in the production of artificial organic leather.

This study aimed to evaluate the exposure to DMF during the different stages in the production of synthetic polyurethanic leathers. Environmental surveys and biological surveillances were carried out in order to classify the working areas and the tasks of the employees as regards DMF-risk. Design improvements to reduce, as far as possible, environmental pollution are discussed.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Extraction of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate from PVC used in synthetic leather].

The extraction of the plasticizer di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DOP) from PVC plastics was evaluated with a solvent mixture similar to that found in shoemaker's glues, sunflower oil, and in an aqueous emulsion resembling crude human sweat as far as the solubility of many organic compounds, including plasticizers is concerned. The aim was to evaluated the availability of plasticizers to be absorbed at skin level in PVC plastics, used as synthetic leather. The results indicated that the extraction of DOP is of practical importance only in the presence of a solvent mixture. Therefore the direct skin contact with PCV plastics containing DOP is much less significant as regards plasticizer absorption.

Diethylhexyl Phthalate↗
PubMed1994

Changes in autonomic function as determined by ECG R-R interval variability in sandal, shoe and leather workers exposed to n-hexane, xylene and toluene.

To clarify if autonomic nervous system effects might be associated with exposure to organic solvents, 30 sandal, shoe and leather workers exposed to n-hexane, xylene, and toluene, and 25 unexposed controls were examined using the coefficient of variation in electrocardiographic R-R intervals (CVRR), combined with the distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV). The C-CVRSA and C-CVMWSA (two component CVs of the CVRR reflecting parasympathetic and sympathetic activities, respectively) were also computed from component spectral powers using autoregressive spectral and component analyses. Concentrations of the metabolites of the solvents in urine samples taken in the morning before work were 0-3.18 (mean 1.39) mg/l for 2,5-hexanedione, 0.10-0.43 (mean 0.19) g/g creatinine (Cn) for methylhippuric acid, and 0.05-2.53 (mean 0.41) g/g Cn for hippuric acid. In the solvent workers, the CVRR and C-CVRSA were reduced significantly when compared with the unexposed controls. The faster velocities of the DCV as well as the sensory median nerve conduction velocity (SCV) were significantly slowed in the solvent-exposed workers. The SCV was significantly correlated with the CVRR and C-CVMWSA among the solvent workers. These data suggest that chronic exposure to some organic solvents may affect cardiac autonomic function (mainly, parasympathetic activity) in addition to faster myelinated fibers of the peripheral nerves. However, the absence of significant dose-effect relations among the solvent workers makes it difficult to definitively attribute the differences to specific solvent exposures.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Acute respiratory illness linked to use of aerosol leather conditioner--Oregon, December 1992.

At 8 a.m. on December 27, 1992, the Oregon Poison Center (OPC) notified the Oregon Health Division (OHD) that 13 persons in one household became ill following the use of an aerosol leather conditioner and that this report was similar to two reports received on December 26 that also involved use of this product. A review of telephone logs identified similar calls on December 23 and 24, for a total of 29 persons in six households who reported illness associated with use of this spray. By midday on December 27, the product producer issued a voluntary nationwide recall of this product. Following the public announcement of the recall, as of December 31, the number of preliminary reports to the OHD and the OPC of illness associated with use of this spray increased to 400 and involved approximately 550 persons. This report summarizes the preliminary findings of the ongoing investigation of this problem by the OHD.

Acute Disease↗