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PubMed1975

[Side-effects of ovulation inhibitors].

The discussion about the side-effects of oral contraceptives received new aspects through the publication of the prospective British Study "Oral Contraceptives and Health" (by the Royal College of General Practitioners) in 1974. This article is divided into the following sections: Beneficial side-effects (elimination of symptoms in dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, acne vulgaris, menorrhagia and anemia). Harmless side-effects (harmless symptoms not implying illness). Clinically important side-effects (menstrual disorders, facilitation of moniliasis and trichomoniasis, diseases of the circulatory system, thrombo-embolism). Oral contraceptives have no adverse effects on the fertility of women. Significant is the conclusion that pregnancy and children are normal after the use of oral contraceptives. There are no indications of an increased risk of cancer. The results of the British study confirm a reduced incidence of benign breast tumors in women using oral contraceptives. The suggestion to select a pill-type considering the hormonal constitution of a woman did not prove to be of help. The original proposal of changing the pill-type according to the observed side-effects therefore remains valid. A classification of the used oral contraceptives into the groups "with gestagen accentuation", "hormonally balanced" and "with estrogen accentuation" will help the physician to prescribe the most useful type. An extensive table summarizes the most frequent side-effects, explains their causes and recommends ways of eliminating the symptoms by changing the pill-type.

Breast↗
PubMed1983

Oral complications associated with bone marrow transplantation in a pediatric population.

The effect of dental evaluation and treatment prior to bone marrow transplantation in 11 pediatric patients was assessed. Oral complications associated with marrow ablative therapy and the immediate posttransplant period (Days 0-35) were also studied. Oral complications during marrow ablative therapy included: xerostomia (2/11 patients) and parotitis (1/11 patients). Oral complications in the immediate post-transplant period (Days 0-35) included: mucositis (11/11 patients); moniliasis (9/11 patients); and stomatitis associated with acute G.V.H.D. (3/9 patients receiving allogenic marrow transplants). The onset of the mucositis in the posttransplant period usually occurred at the nadir of the white blood cell count and resolved when the absolute neutrophil count was approximately 500/m3. The onset of moniliasis in the posttransplant period was usually 1-2 days after the onset of the mucositis. Resolution of the moniliasis usually paralleled resolution of the mucositis. No patient developed an infectious and/or hemorrhagic complication of odontogenic origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Care of women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVE: --To review current knowledge regarding human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women and to derive from that data standards of care. DATA SOURCES: --Selective review of pertinent articles addressing cervical disease, pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually transmitted diseases, contraception, and pregnancy in HIV-infected women. A computer-assisted search was used to identify relevant articles on pharmacokinetics of drugs in women and oral contraceptive--drug interactions. DATA EXTRACTION: --Pertinent data were abstracted from case-control, cohort studies, clinical trials, and pharmacokinetic studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: --Few studies have been performed to define the clinical course of HIV infection in women. Gender-specific manifestations, such as cervical neoplasia, pelvic inflammatory disease, and vaginal moniliasis, appear to pursue a more aggressive course in HIV-infected women. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics of drugs for HIV and related infections. Oral contraceptives may alter the metabolism of some drugs used in HIV-infected women. An approach to the routine treatment of HIV-infected women is summarized. CONCLUSIONS: --Little is currently known regarding the natural course of HIV infection in women. Women infected with HIV should be followed up frequently with specific attention paid to the reproductive system. Additional studies should be conducted to determine the impact of HIV on gender-specific diseases.

Contraception↗