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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Correspondence patterns: mechanisms and models of human dynamics.

A stochastic queue model of human behaviour developed on the basis of the distribution of timing of tasks, as studied in a sample of e-mail messages at a university and in the written correspondence of Albert Einstein, may not be as simple as it seems. Although this model reproduces the apparently non-Poisson distribution of correspondence delays, its interpretation is more complicated than suggested by Barabási, who claims that humans execute their tasks based on some perceived priority, setting up queues that generate very uneven waiting-time distributions for different tasks. Such an explanation is intuitively appealing in the context of the queue metaphor, but does not exclude other mechanisms. By attributing delays in the correspondence to task priorities, this explanation ignores two important classes of mechanism that also contribute to the apparent distributions of task timings: the semantic content of an individual's correspondence and the social context in which this correspondence occurs.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1999

DNA technology in the clinical laboratory.

OBJECTIVES: To review the advances in clinically useful molecular biological techniques and to identify their applications in clinical practice, as presented at the Eighth Annual William Beaumont Hospital Symposium. DATA SOURCES: The 10 manuscripts submitted were reviewed, and their major findings were compared with literature on the same topic. STUDY SELECTION: Two manuscripts addressed specimen (nucleic acid) stability, 2 described novel analytic approaches, 3 discussed detection of B- or T-cell clonality in lymphoproliferative disorders, and 3 reported the frequency of a variety of genetic polymorphisms found in cardiac disorders. DATA SYNTHESIS: DNA from dried blood spots is stable and may be purified rapidly for amplification and mutation analysis. RNA is much less stable, and a variety of methods may be used to reduce ribonuclease degradation of enteroviral RNA. False-negative reactions may be reduced by genomic amplification of ligated padlock probes by cascade rolling circle or polymerase chain reaction. A multiplex polymerase chain method using fluorescence-labeled products that separate both the wild-type and mutant hemochromatosis gene alleles by capillary gel electrophoresis represents another approach for detecting the 2 major missense mutations (C282Y and H63D) in hemochromatosis. Southern blotting and polymerase chain reaction have been used to detect B- and T-cell clonality in lymphoproliferative diseases, including mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoma of the breast. Genetic polymorphisms in a variety of coagulation factors and platelet glycoprotein IIIa are associated with ischemic heart disease. CONCLUSIONS: As the Human Genome Project continues to define disease-associated mutations, the number of clinically useful molecular pathologic techniques and assays will expand. Clinical outcome analysis is still required to document a decrease in the patient's length of stay to offset the cost of introducing molecular biological assays in the routine clinical pathology laboratory.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed2001

DNA technology, the clinical laboratory, and the future.

OBJECTIVE: To review the advances in clinically useful molecular biological techniques and their applications in clinical practice as presented at the Ninth Annual William Beaumont Hospital DNA Symposium. DATA SOURCES: The 10 manuscripts submitted were reviewed and their major findings were compared with literature on the same topic. STUDY SELECTION: One manuscript reviewed the development of pharmacogenetics, 3 described analytic approaches to detect aneuploidy or cancer, 1 described transcription factor E2F-1 increase during apoptosis, 2 reported on genetic and pharmacologic factors that influence platelet aggregation, 2 described molecular methods for detecting long QT syndrome or mycobacteria, and 1 reported a modification in collection of buccal DNA. DATA SYNTHESIS: Genomic and proteomic approaches to develop clinically useful assays have been successful. Aneuploidy can be easily detected by comparative genomic hybridization, which does not require cell culture like cytogenetics. Mutations have been characterized for a variety of hereditary cancer syndromes, 2 inherited long QT syndromes, and thromboembolism. PlA1 and PlA2 polymorphisms in platelets are associated with a difference in aggregation inhibition by estrogen, another example of genotypic pharmacogenetics. Protein expression differences may define colorectal cancer stage and explain apoptotic signal transduction. Mycobacterial detection by nucleic acid amplification and simplified buccal DNA collection demonstrate cost-effective strategies. CONCLUSION: The working draft of the Human Genome Project is completed and the number of clinically useful molecular pathologic techniques and assays will expand as additional disease-associated mutations are defined. Expanded use of database software for genomic and proteomic screening should increase the efficiency of clinical useful assay development.

Biotechnology↗
PubMed2005

Writing it up: a step-by-step guide to publication for beginning investigators.

OBJECTIVE: Writing scientific manuscripts can be unnecessarily daunting, if not paralyzing. This paralysis is usually the result of one of two reasons: either researchers do not know how to start, or they do not know what to put where. However, most radiology manuscripts follow a definable blueprint. In this article, I attempt to lay out the paragraph-by-paragraph development of a typical radiology paper. CONCLUSION: If authors can accomplish the writing of the 18 paragraphs of text described in this article, they will produce a manuscript that is properly organized, correct in its essentials, and ready for the finishing hand of a seasoned writer and mentor.

Authorship↗
PubMed1999

[Not Available].

In this paper Carl Peter Thunberg's letters to Giovanni Mariti are published. The present essay is a contribution to the history of the Italian-Swedish relationships at the end of the eighteenth century and it is a sequel to a paper on the same topic published in 1992.

Books↗
PubMed2002

Hakim Muhammad Akbar Arzani.

Presents a summary of the life and accomplishments of Hakim Muhammad Akbar Arzani (d. 1722), a notable Muslim physician and writer from southern Asia who worked extensively in India

Biographies as Topic↗
PubMed1994

Authors' criteria for selecting journals.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate authors' methods of selecting the journals to which they submit manuscripts. DESIGN AND SETTING: In 1992, all of the active clinical and research faculty of Stanford University School of Medicine (n = 479), Palo Alto, Calif, were sent up to three mailings of a one-page questionnaire. RESULTS: Our response rate was 63.7% (n = 305). On a scale of 1 (unimportant) to 6 (very important), respondents ranked factors affecting initial manuscript submission to a journal in the following descending order (mean values are reported): the journal's prestige, 5.2; the makeup of the journal's readership, 4.8; whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic, 4.8; the likelihood of manuscript acceptance, 4.4; the size of journal circulation, 4.1; the rapidity of manuscript turnaround, 4.1; the existence of good editors, 3.9; the likelihood of useful reviewer suggestions, 3.4; a history of having published in that journal previously, 3.4; colleagues' recommendations, 3.1; the likelihood of useful biostatistical suggestions, 2.6; the existence of editors who are personally known to the author, 2.1; and the likelihood of press attention, 1.9. For subsequent submissions, the most important factors were the likelihood of manuscript acceptance (5.0) and whether the journal usually publishes articles on the topic (4.7). CONCLUSIONS: Journal prestige, most frequently published journal topics, and readership composition were the most important factors for initial manuscript submissions. For subsequent submissions, more pragmatic variables, such as likelihood of acceptance, gained importance. These findings should help editors make their journals more attractive to potential authors.

Authorship↗