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PubMed2002

[Social status and marriage within the medical profession].

BACKGROUND: There are many reasons to expect a high level of homogamy in the medical profession, i.e. that many physicians marry another physician. The question raised here is whether social status--level of academic performance and social origin--influences the probability of finding a partner within the profession. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The answer is based on a sample of 3,500 Norwegian physicians who graduated between 1981 and 1996. Their marriage patterns are analysed by logistic regression models estimating the impact of grades and social origin as well as a number of control variables. RESULTS: A female physician's probability of marrying a male physician increased systematically by grades and was highest among those whose parents had advanced degrees. Among male physicians, the impact of grades varied by social origin. Among men born to parents with a high level of education, their propensity of marrying within the medical profession increased the higher their grades were. Among those without this parental background, no such tendency was found. INTERPRETATION: The results may indicate that female physicians seek to maximize the status of their partners, while men, especially the most ambitious, seek complementary partners. The most attractive men may, however, get early involved in relationships that are not optimal in relation to their career aspirations.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Marriage and cohabitation in a changing society: experience of Norwegian men and women born in 1945 and 1960.

"Retrospective survey data are used to estimate the effect of various factors on the transitions to first marriage or first cohabitation among single Norwegian men and women born in 1945 and 1960. A high educational level is not found to reduce marriage intensities for women, although educational enrollment appears to be less compatible with marriage for women than men. The effect of employment varies according to prevailing sex-role expectations. The data support the assumption that modern cohabitation developed from two socially opposite origins, the educated elite and the working class. A social value dimension is assumed to have a major effect upon the present-day choice between marriage and cohabitation." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Behavior↗
PubMed1990

Marriage risks, cohabitation and premarital births in Canada.

"This paper is an attempt to examine the trends in union formation among various cohorts and to identify some of the socio-demographic correlates of marital timing. The data for this study are taken from the Canadian Fertility Survey of 1984. The results indicate that there is no immediate crisis for the family in Canada, but that many are choosing cohabitation as a preferred mode of first union formation at early stages. Young women (below 25 years of age), residents of large metropolitan areas, those with a university education and those with low religious commitment are more likely than others to be delayers of marriage." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Religious intermarriage in Switzerland, 1969-72 and 1979-82.

"Patterns of marriage between Protestants and Roman Catholics in Switzerland during 1969-72 and 1979-82 are investigated using magnitudes of marriage attraction, measures that reflect the propensity to marry independent of population composition. The results show high levels of intermarriage, with religious differences becoming less salient in marriage choice. There is no evidence that the propensity to intermarry is influenced by 'minority group' effects." (SUMMARY IN FRE)

Developed Countries↗
PubMed1992

Changes in age at marriage of women in rural north India.

There has been a dramatic increase in age at marriage for women in a rural area of north India. Age at marriage rose from under 12 years before 1930 to about 19 years in 1988, mainly as a result of socioeconomic development and advances in education of women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Ethnic differentials in child-spacing ideals and practices in Ghana.

Postpartum sexual abstinence may be a major determinant of fertility and of maternal and child health in sub-Saharan Africa. This study examines the relationship between ethnicity and abstinence using data from the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. There is considerable diversity in the length of abstinence although only for one ethnic group, the Mole-Dagbani and other Ghanaians, is abstinence, both actual and ideal, very long. Respondents in most ethnic groups believe their abstinence to be adequate. A key motivation for abstinence is the unwillingness to have sexual intercourse with nursing mothers. Education, urbanisation, changes in marriage patterns and religious traditions are major factors shaping the ethnic differentials in abstinence. In comparison to breast-feeding, abstinence appears to have relatively little impact on the length of the birth interval and for Ghana, has relatively few implications for fertility and child health.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Psychosocial and behavioral predictors of longevity. The aging and death of the "termites".

Impulsive, undercontrolled personalities and major family stresses are known predictors of impaired adjustment, but long-term health effects are unclear. In an archival prospective cohort design, we followed up on L. M. Terman's (Terman & Oden, 1947) sample of gifted children by collecting and coding death certificates for the half of the sample that is now dead. Statistical survival analyses were used to predict longevity and cause of death as a function of parental divorce during childhood, unstable marriage patterns in adulthood, childhood personality, adult adjustment, and possible mediating health behaviors. Psychosocial factors emerged as important risks for premature mortality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Social networks, perceptions of risk, and changing attitudes towards HIV/AIDS: new evidence from a longitudinal study using fixed-effects analysis.

The study presented here is an investigation of the importance of social interactions to perceptions of the risk of AIDS, and explores spousal communication about the AIDS epidemic in rural Malawi. A fixed-effects analysis based on longitudinal data collected in 1998 and 2001 shows that social interactions on the subject of HIV/AIDS have significant and substantial effects on respondents' perceptions of the risk of HIV/AIDS, even after controlling for unobserved factors that affect the selection of social networks. These effects are more complex than previously thought. The dominant mechanisms--social learning and social influence--are found to vary by sex and by region, because of regional variations in the marriage pattern and the resulting implications for the formation of local social networks. The conclusion of the study is that rather than fostering denial and inaction, social interactions are an important vector of change in the face of the HIV/AIDS epidemic.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Replicating family size: does living in a single parent family matter?

"This paper examines how living in a single parent family affects intergenerational marriage patterns regarding preferred family size. Data collected from 1,300 college students at a large midwestern [U.S.] university provide further evidence of a positive relationship between number of siblings in one's family of origin and preferred marital family size. However, this relationship does not hold for all groups. Factors affecting preferred family size differ for males and females from intact and nonintact family structures. The positive relationship between size of family of orientation and family of procreation holds only for individuals from intact homes."

Americas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Genetic variation in Brac, Croatia.

A serological survey of the Dalmatian island of Brac (Croatia), based on a total sample of 747 subjects, shows considerable local genetic variation. While the overall gene frequencies are much as expected from the island's geographical position, the local genetic heterogeneity is made up of differences between the inland and coastal villages, differences between the two coastal areas, and variation among the older inland villages. This heterogeneity is interpreted as deriving from the settlement process (founder effect), random differentiation, and the essentially local marriage pattern.

Blood Group Antigens↗
PubMed1997

Women's employment and the gain to marriage: the specialization and trading model.

"This chapter critically examines the hypothesis that women's rising employment levels have increased their economic independence and hence have greatly reduced the desirability of marriage. Little firm empirical support for this hypothesis is found. The apparent congruence in time-series data of women's rising employment with declining marriage rates and increasing marital instability is partly a result of using the historically atypical early postwar behavior of the baby boom era as the benchmark for comparisons and partly due to confounding trends in delayed marriage with those of nonmarriage."

Americas↗