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PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage of light-cured resin and resin-modified glass-ionomer dentin bonding agents applied with co-cure vs pre-cure technique.

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of dentin bonding agents in reducing microleakage after three months in Class V restorations restored with Z100 resin composite. Materials tested were three types of resin-based dentin bonding agents: a multi-step (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose); a one-step (Scotchbond One-Step); a self-etching, self-priming (Clearfil Liner Bond) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (GC Fuji Bond LC). Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in cementum were prepared both on labial and lingual surfaces of extracted premolar teeth. Restorations (two per tooth) were distributed randomly into nine test groups (n = 10) consisting of the various DBAs applied with co-cure and pre-cure techniques, and no dentin bonding as a negative control group. Samples were stored in saline for three months, thermocycled, stained with silver nitrate, then sectioned through the middle of the preparation to facilitate the removal of the composite resin restoration. For groups treated with the pre-cure technique, the differences between the enamel leakage values of SBMP-control, CFLB-control and SB1S-control subgroups were significant (p < 0.05). For enamel leakage values of groups treated with the co-cure technique, the differences between the SBMP-control, SB1S-control, CFLB-control and Fuji LC-control subgroups were significant (p < 0.05). For cementum leakage values of groups treated with pre-cure technique, the difference between the CFLB-control and the Fuji, SBMP and SB1S groups was significant (p < 0.05). No significant differences could be detected between the cementum leakage values of groups treated with the co-cure technique (p > 0.05). The differences between the values obtained with application of CFLB with the pre-cure and co-cure techniques at the cementum margins were found to be statistically significant (p = 0.02). No statistically significant differences could be detected between the pre-cure and co-cure values of the other test materials. Generally for every group, cementum microleakage values were greater than enamel microleakage values (p < 0.05). The use of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, Scotchbond One-Step and Fuji Bond LC with the co-cure technique to decrease the application time did not cause any significant increase in microleakage. Only pre-curing using Clearfil Liner Bond provided better microleakage properties than the other pre-cured adhesives.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2001

Effect of composite resin placement techniques on the microleakage of two self-etching dentin-bonding agents.

PURPOSE: To evaluate microleakage of Class V resin-based composites (RBC) bonded with two self-etching dentin adhesive systems. Class V cavities were restored with either one or three increments of RBC to determine whether the restorative method affected microleakage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 60 extracted human premolars and molars were randomly assigned to 6 groups for bonding with Clearfil Liner Bond 2V or Etch & Prime 3.0 or Prime & Bond NT. The latter, using a total-etch technique, was used as a control. Cavities were cut in both the buccal and lingual surfaces. Half of each preparation was in enamel and half was in cementum/dentin. The teeth were thermocycled and the restorations examined microscopically for leakage using Procion Brilliant Red as a marker. SEM microphotographs were prepared from dye-labeled and non dye-labeled areas to illustrate the micromorphology of the systems. RESULTS: None of the groups showed microleakage at the enamel margins. All groups showed microleakage at the gingival margins. At the gingival margin, there was no significant difference between the groups irrespective of the bonding material (Kruskal-Wallis: ANOVA P=0.2113). No significant difference was observed with each material when the bulk filling (one increment) technique was compared with the three-increment technique. SEM showed that the self-etching materials produced a shallower depth of etch, and a less abundant resin tag complex than the material using a separate phosphoric acid gel. In dye-labeled areas, debonding was predominantly cohesive in resin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Gingival margin microleakage is not prevented by either restoring cavities with self-etching materials of the control using a total-etch technique.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed2002

Effect of cyclical lateral forces on microleakage in cervical resin composite restorations.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the effect on microleakage of cyclic lateral fatigue forces in different types of cervical resin composite restorations. METHOD AND MATERIALS: V-notch cavities were prepared at the cementoenamel junction in 60 extracted human premolars and restored with a bonding system along with one of the following resin composites: hybrid resin composite, microfilled resin composite, and flowable resin composite (20 each). Ten specimens from each group of 20 were subjected to 8,400 cycles of lateral fatigue forces (44 N) at the occlusal half of the clinical crown in a machine specifically developed for this purpose. The other 10 specimens of each group served as controls, representing the microleakage that occurred without lateral fatigue forces. All specimens were stained with a 50% silver nitrate solution and sectioned sagittally. A scoring system of 0 to 6 was used to record the amount of die penetration along the restoration-tooth interface. RESULTS: There was leakage in both the fatigued specimens and the nonfatigued control specimens. There were significant differences in the mean values of microleakage for the restorative materials studied. In the nonfatigued groups, hybrid resin specimens exhibited significantly more microleakage at the dentin-resin interface than did microfilled or flowable resin specimens. In the fatigued groups, hybrid resin specimens exhibited significantly more leakage at the dentin-resin interface than did microfilled resin specimens. CONCLUSION: The least elastic resin composite tested, the hybrid material, generally showed the most leakage. This suggests that the elasticity of these resin composite restorative materials may be a factor in the amount of microleakage in cervical restorations.

Barium Compounds↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Amalgam repair: evaluation of bond strength and microleakage.

This study evaluated the tensile bond strength of "repaired" amalgams and compared the degree of microleakage. Amalgam (Cavex avalloy) was condensed into plastic tubes (3 mm in diameter, 10 mm in height) to the half-length. After storage in water at 37 degrees C for two days, the remaining parts of tubes were filled with amalgam (A), cavity varnish (CV)+A, Liner Bond 2V (LB2V)+A, 3M Opal Luting Cement (3MOLC)+A, Panavia F(PF)+A, Metabond(MB)+A, Fuji BondLC(FB)+A, HytacOSB(HOSB)+Hytac Aplitip (H), Liner Bond2V+Clearfil AP-X(CAP). The bond strengths for 15 samples of each restoration group were determined. For the microleakage study, MOD cavities of 90 extracted human premolars were used. The distal half of cavities were filled with amalgam. After storage in water at 37 degrees C for two days, the mesial half of the cavities were filled to simulate a clinical repair. The "repair" was placed using the procedures applied in the bond strength study. The teeth were stained with basic fuchsine (0.5%), sectioned and evaluated for dye penetration. In both parts of study, the data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range tests. Bond strength values (MPa) were: A+PF+A 3.84+/-1.08, A+LB2V+A 3.15+/-0.97, A+LB2V+CAP 3.05+/-0.53, A+MB+A 2.86+/-0.88, A+HOSB+H 2.58+/-0.51, A+3MOLC+A 2.11+/-0.75, A+FB+A 0.68+/-0.59. The repaired A+A and A+CV+A groups were separated before testing. The A+PF+A group showed the highest bond strength (p<0.05). Microleakage in the cervical margins of repaired restorations was lower in the amalgam groups than microleakage in the resin composite and compomer groups. PF, MB, 3MOLC and FB performed better at the amalgam "repair" interface. The A+LB2V+A group showed no microleakage at both the occlusal and gingival test regions.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2002

Microleakage of amalgam cavity treatment systems: an in vitro evaluation.

PURPOSE: to evaluate the effectiveness of four cavity treatment systems for their ability to seal standardized Class V restorations of amalgam. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Celay copy-milling machine was used to prepare twenty-five standardized Class V cavities on the buccal and palatal surfaces of maxillary premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic purposes. The cavosurface margins lay entirely within enamel. Five cavity treatment test groups were employed prior to amalgam placement: Group 1, Cervitec; Group 2, Gluma One Bond; Group 3, Panavia 21; Group 4, Copaliner Dentin Varnish and Sealant and Group 5, Control. Following restoration placement, the teeth were aged at room temperature (25 +/- 2 degrees C) in tap water for 2 months. The specimens were subsequently thermocycled (500 cycles, 5 -55 +/- 2 degrees C), immersed in a dye solution, sectioned and scored for microleakage. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to examine features of the tooth/restoration interface. RESULTS: None of the materials tested consistently prevented microleakage. No statistically significant differences were identified between the groups with respect to the microleakage scores (P > 0.05). The gingival walls exhibited significantly more microleakage than the occlusal walls (P = 0.00). No significant differences were identified between the microleakage scores obtained for the buccal and palatal cavities. Scanning electron microscopy examination failed to demonstrate a consistent pattern of interfacial appearance, showing a combination of cohesive and adhesive failure within and between test groups.

Adhesives↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of acid primer or conventional acid etching on microleakage in a photoactivated sealant.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in microleakage in extracted human teeth when placing sealants using conventional acid etching or an acidic primer resin. METHODS: Three experimental groupings were used: group 1--conventional acid etching with placement of light-cured sealant; group 2--application of acidic primer resin (Prompt-L-Pop) and light curing, followed by sealant placement; group 3--similar to group 2, but acidic primer and sealant were photocured after placement of sealant. Teeth were thermocycled, stained, sectioned and examined for marginal microleakage. RESULTS: In group 1, 94% of the enamel-sealant interfaces were free of microleakage. For groups 2 and 3, only 28% showed no leakage, with most leakage occurring at both margin and base areas. Nonparametric data analysis indicated acid etching demonstrated significantly lower microleakage than either treatment using the acidic primer resin (P<.001) and that leakage scores in the acidic primer groups were identical (P=.4011). CONCLUSIONS: Use of this specific acidic resin primer in lieu of conventional acid etching (whether cured prior to or subsequent to sealant placement) demonstrated greater incidence of microleakage and would not be advocated over traditional etching procedures.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Microleakage and penetration ability of resin sealant versus bonding system when applied following contamination.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microleakage and penetration ability of sealing materials applied under different conditions of contamination. METHODS: One hundred twenty extracted human molar teeth were randomly assigned to 12 groups. The treatment groups were defined by the combination of sealing materials (Concise; Optibond system; Optibond system plus Concise) and 4 surface conditions (no moisture and no saliva contamination; moisture contamination; dried saliva contamination; wet saliva contamination). Each tooth was subjected to thermal cycling (5,000 cycles at 5 degrees C-55 degrees C) with a dwell time of 30 seconds and dye immersion (5% methylene blue for 24 hours). Microleakage, penetration ability, and fissure types were examined after sectioning. Multiple regression analyses and the Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Concise showed significantly less microleakage than the Optibond system (P<.031) when the procedures were performed under no contamination or moisture contamination. However, when Concise was applied on the wet saliva-contaminated surfaces, considerably higher microleakage and unfilled areas were found compared to the use of Optibond alone or Optibond with Concise (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: When there is saliva contamination, the use of Optibond alone or with Concise is beneficial for decreasing microleakage and increasing the penetration ability of sealants.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗

PubMed2004

Shear bond strengths and microleakage of four types of dentin adhesive materials.

The aim of this investigation was to compare the microleakage of composite resin (Z-100) and shear bond strength to bovine dentin using different types of adhesive systems (Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose, All-Bond 2, One-Step, and Perma Quick) to compare and correlate microleakage to shear bond strength. For the microleakage aspect of the study, 20 class V were prepared (bovine incisors) with 90-degree cavosurface margins and were located at the cemento-enamel junction using a template. Each dentin bonding system was applied to five cavities following the manufacturer's instructions and restored with Z-100 composite resin. After 24 hours of storage in distilled water at 37 degrees C, the teeth were immersed in 2% basic fuchsin dye. All teeth were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction using a diamond saw, and each section was then inspected under a stereomacroscope. For the shear bond strength aspect of the study, 20 bovine incisors were centrally horizontally mounted in Teflon mold with cold cure acrylic resin. Flat labial dentin surfaces were prepared using different grit silicon carbide abrasive wheels. Five specimens were used for each of the bonding agent systems. Each specimen was bonded with restorative composite resin (Z-100) and applied to the treated dentinal surface through a split Teflon mold. All specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours. The bonds were stressed using shear forces at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min using an Instron Universal testing machine. Findings indicate none of the systems tested in this study were free from microleakage. Scotch bond multi-purpose achieved the best seal, with One-Step being second best, while All-Bond 2 and Perma Quick had the poorest seal. However, there were significant differences among the shear bond strengths of the four bonding systems tested. Scotch Bond Multi-Purpose has a higher bond strength to composite resin when compared to the other dentin adhesives. The study also concluded there is no association between microleakage and shear bond strength.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2004

Microleakage of a pit-and-fissure sealant: effect of air-abrasion compared with classical enamel preparations.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the microleakage of a pit-and-fissure sealant after classical enamel preparations (prophylaxis followed by acid etching alone and mechanical widening with bur) and after air abrasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety noncarious freshly extracted third molars were randomly assigned to three groups of 30. In each group, the mesial halves of the fissures were treated with air abrasion and conditioned with acid etching for 15 s. In group 1, the distal halves were treated with acid etching alone. In group 2, the distal halves of the fissures were widened mechanically with a bur and etched for 15 s. In group 3, the distal halves were prepared with air abrasion alone. Then the sealant (Clinpro) was applied on the occlusal fissures of all teeth, according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The teeth were thermocycled and the samples placed in a 1% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth showing microleakage and the means of infiltration were assessed with an image analysis system. RESULTS: The microleakage of sealants prepared with air abrasion alone displayed significantly greater microleakage (80%) (p < 0.0001) than the ones placed after prophylaxis and etching (13.33%), bur and etching (20%), or air abrasion and etching (22.2%). The samples prepared with air abrasion alone also showed the highest mean microleakage (1.14 +/- 1.4 mm) when compared to samples receiving prophylaxis and acid etching (0.12 +/- 0.41), bur and acid etching (0.08 +/- 0.26), or air abrasion and acid etching (0.09 +/- 0.4) (p < 0.05). No significant difference was noted between the three types of enamel preparation when etching was performed. CONCLUSION: Air-abrasion treatment does not eliminate the need for etching the enamel surface before applying the sealant.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro microleakage of four tracers with multiple applications to the same tooth.

Microleakage testing continues to be undertaken using a variety of techniques and methodologies. This study compared four microleakage tracers to determine if a difference exists in their ability to demonstrate microleakage on a single dental amalgam restorative material by testing in two phases. Class V amalgam restorations were placed on the facial surfaces of 105 extracted human premolars with all margins in enamel. The teeth were stored at 37 degrees C in water for two weeks except during thermocycling for 2500 cycles between 8 degrees C and 48 degrees C. The teeth were prepared for microleakage testing by sealing the external surfaces with nail polish and tinfoil, leaving the restoration and surrounding 1 mm exposed. In the first phase, four groups of 15 teeth were randomly assigned to 0.5% basic fuchsin dye, 2.0% fluorescent dye, 1.5% reactive orange 14 and 45Ca. In the second phase, another three groups of 15 teeth were immersed in 45Ca, then immersed in one of the remaining three tracers. Ridit analysis and Newman-Keuls multiple comparisons were used to compare the groups at a significance level of 0.05. The results indicate that there are differences in observed microleakage between tracers and there is no statistical influence on dye tracers by initial immersion in 45Ca.

Bicuspid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of flowable resin composite on microleakage and internal voids in class II composite restorations.

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of two flowable resin composites on marginal microleakage and internal voids in Class II composite restorations with the margins below the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). Class II cavities randomly divided into four groups: Group I-Filtek with Filtek Flow lining; Group II-Filtek; Group III-Tetric Ceram with Tetric Flow lining; Group IV-Tetric Ceram. After thermocycling tests (5-60 x 1500) and dye soaking, the teeth were sectioned in a mesiodistal direction along their longitudinal axis. Gingival-marginal microleakage and internal voids in three separate portions of the restoration (interface, cervical and occlusal voids) were observed with a microscope. Statistical analyses indicated that the use of flowable resin composites (Groups I and III) provided a reduction in marginal microleakage and a reduction in some parts of the internal voids or total voids (p<0.05). The condensable material (Filtek) in combination with the flowable liner showed fewer voids (interface, occlusal, total) than the hybrid resin (Tetric) (p<0.05). There was a correlation between the number of internal voids or total voids and the marginal microleakage (p<0.05). It was concluded that a composite lining in a Class II resin composite with margins below the cementoenamel junction may reduce marginal microleakage and voids in the interface and the total number of voids in the restoration.

Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of various conditioner agents on the interdiffusion zone and microleakage of a glass lonomer cement with a high viscosity in primary teeth.

The smear layer, which occurs during cavity preparation procedures, does not constitute a stable substructure in the bond of restorative material to dental hard tissues. Depending on the dissolution of this material in the course of time, microleakage occurs between the tooth and restorative material. This study evaluated the effects of different conditioner agents (Fuji Cavity Conditioner, 10% maleic acid, 35% phosphoric acid and 3% hydrogen peroxide) on Fuji IX microleakage, Fuji IX-enamel and Fuji IX-dentin combination in Class I cavities prepared to standards having the dimensions of 4x3x2 mm3 in extracted primary molars. The restorations were then subjected to thermocycling procedures and soaked in the 0.5% basic-fuchsin dye for 24 hours. Some sections were taken, parallel to the long axis of the tooth in a mesio-distal direction, and evaluated under a stereo-microscope for leakage. Also, two samples of Fuji IX-enamel and dentin combinations were chosen randomly from each group for evaluation in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The distribution of microleakage occurred as follows: Control Group > Hydrogen Peroxide > 10% Maleic acid > Fuji Cavity Conditioner = Phosphoric acid. The difference between microleakage scores obtained from the groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The SEM evaluation revealed a close interface connection in all groups except for the control and hydrogen peroxide groups in the Fuji IX-enamel combination. In the Fuji IX-dentin combination, however, a close interface connection was observed except in the control group. In conclusion, the application of conditioner agents to Class I cavities restored with glass ionomer cement with a high viscosity in vitro either diminishes or completely eliminates microleakage.

Acid Etching, Dental↗

PubMed2004

Influence of air abrasion preparation on microleakage in glass ionomer cement restorations.

The aim of this study was to assess microleakage in class V cavities prepared by air abrasion or high-speed dental bur and restored with different glass ionomer cements. Sixty bovine incisors were equally divided into 6 groups: I, II and III (preparation by high-speed) and IV, V and VI (preparation by air abrasion). Groups I and IV were restored with Fuji IX; groups II and V with Ketac Molar; and groups III and VI with Vitremer. After 24 h (37 degrees C), specimens were thermocycled, isolated with nail varnish, immersed in a 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 hours, sectioned longitudinally and analyzed for microleakage using an optical microscope connected to a digital camera and a computer. The images were digitized and a software allowed the quantitative evaluation of microleakage in millimeters. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. It was observed that there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between incisal (enamel) and cervical (dentine/cementum) margins, mainly for Ketac Molar; there was no difference (p > 0.05) between preparation methods, except for group II (high-speed/Ketac Molar) that showed higher infiltration; regarding the materials, Ketac Molar demonstrated the highest microleakage values (p < 0.05), and only Vitremer sealed completely both margins of restorations. It was concluded that air abrasion preparation did not influence microleakage in class V restorations with the employed glass ionomer cements.

Air Abrasion, Dental↗

PubMed2005

Effect of saliva contamination on microleakage of a bonding system.

UNLABELLED: Saliva contamination is a major clinical problem during restorative dental treatment. Restorative systems must possess sufficient marginal sealing ability to avoid microleakage. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of saliva contamination on the microleakage of cavities restored with Prime & Bond NT and Dyract-AP. METHOD: Cavities were prepared with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentine on the buccal surfaces of extracted human permanent premolar teeth. The cavities were etched with phosphoric acid or a non rinse conditioner (NRC). Preparations were distributed randomly into 4 treatment groups (N = 18) consisting of two respective etching methods (phosphoric acid/NRC), each with and without saliva contamination. After the restorative process the samples were thermocycled in dye, sectioned, and scored for microleakage. RESULTS: Contamination with saliva had no significant effect on microleakage on the enamel or dentine sides where phosphoric acid was used as conditioner. Where NRC was used, significantly more microleakage was observed at the enamel sides, but significantly less at the dentine sides.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed2005

Marginal microleakage around class V cavities restored with glass ceramic inserts of different coefficients of thermal expansion.

OBJECTIVE: Evaluate microleakage around Class V resin restorations restored with glass ceramic inserts of different coefficients of thermal expansion. METHODOLOGY: Sixty non-carious extracted human premolars (patient age range 12-20 years) were randomly assigned to three groups. Standard Class V preparations were cut in the buccal surface using customized Cerana burs, size 3. Glass ceramic inserts from two manufacturers (Cerana and Beta-Quartz) were used to restore the cavities, and were luted with a hybrid, high-viscous composite (Tetric Ceram) and a bonding agent (Excite). A control group, without inserts, was bulk-filled with a hybrid, high-viscous composite (Tetric Ceram). In accordance with American Dental Association (ADA) guidelines, half the preparation was in enamel and half in dentine/cementum, and had a mesio-distal width of 3 mm, an occluso-gingival height of 3 mm, and a depth of 2 mm. All margins had butt joints. The teeth were thermocycled 4000 times between water baths held at 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, and the specimens prepared and examined for microleakage using 2.0% Procion Red dye, buffered at pH 7 as a marker. RESULTS: Microleakage was significantly less around cavities restored with Cerana glass ceramic inserts than around cavities restored with Beta Quartz glass ceramic inserts or the control cavities at both the occlusal and gingival margins, p = 0.003 and p = 0.014, respectively. Comparisons of both occlusal and gingival margins within both test groups and the control group showed there was significantly less microleakage at the enamel-resin interface than at the dentine-resin interface (p < 0.05 in all cases). CONCLUSION: The results strongly suggest that restorations restored with Cerana glass ceramic inserts, which have a coefficient of therml expansion approximating that of enamel, result in a decrease in marginal microleakage compared to Beta Quartz glass ceramic inserts and Tetric Ceram resin-based composite material.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed2006

Effect of the number of coats of simplified adhesive systems on microleakage of dentin-bordered composite restorations.

AIM: This study tested the null hypothesis that there is no difference on microleakage of dentin-bordered composite restorations using single or double coats of adhesive from one-bottle adhesive systems. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The enamel surface was removed from freshly extracted bovine teeth, and standardized Class V cavities (3 x 3 x 1.5 mm) were made at the cervical areas of buccal surfaces. Teeth were restored and grouped according to type of adhesive systems [Prime Bond 2.1 (PB2.1), Prime & Bond NT (PBNT), and Single Bond (SB)] and to the number of coats (one or two) to be used. The restorations were polished and immersed in a 0.5% aqueous solution of basic fuchsin for four hours. Teeth were then sectioned and the most infiltrated section of each tooth was selected under magnification, scanned, and quantitatively analyzed using a computer program. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student-Newman-Keuls (a=0.05). RESULTS: Groups without filler content (PB2.1 and SB) showed no difference in microleakage using single or double coats. However, PBNT (with nanofiller) showed statistically less microleakage when only one coat was applied. The influence of the number of coats of the adhesive systems on dentin margin microleakage was material dependent. CONCLUSION: All adhesive systems demonstrated microleakage, however, it could be minimized using two coats of non-filled or one coat of a filled adhesive system.

Acetone↗

PubMed1989

Microleakage with Gluma: effects of unfilled resin polymerization and storage time.

An earlier study showed that the Gluma Bonding System permitted more microleakage than other dentin bonding agents. In that study, the unfilled resin was not polymerized prior to placement of the composite resin, as per manufacturer's instructions. The unfilled resin was cured in the other test groups. To evaluate the effect of unfilled resin polymerization on microleakage, Class V cavity preparations were made in sound extracted teeth. Composite resin restorations were placed using the Gluma Bonding System and a microfilled composite resin. In some samples, the unfilled resin was cured prior to placement of the composite. In others, the unfilled resin and composite were polymerized simultaneously. The samples were stored for either 24 hours or 30 days, then thermocycled. Microleakage was evaluated with a silver nitrate staining method. Specimens in which the unfilled resin had not been cured separately and which had been stored for 24 hours had the most leakage. Significantly less microleakage occurred when the unfilled resin was polymerized separately and/or when storage time was 30 days. To reduce microleakage with the Gluma Bonding System, the authors recommend polymerization of the unfilled resin before placement of the composite.

Aldehydes↗

PubMed1994

Evaluation and treatment of bacterial microleakage.

Recent data have shown a correlation between pulp response and material biocompatibility when microleakage is prevented. Considering vital dentin, the dentist must keep in mind that it is an extension of the pulp, presenting the first line of response to the consequences of microleakage. Healing of the dental pulp is ensured when a clinical seal is provided to prevent bacterial microleakage. Microleakage is a biological phenomenon with several important clinical implications. The affective component clinically presents as dentin postoperative hypersensitivity due to the episodic hydrodynamic fluid movement within the tubule complex. The effective component is the disease process which signals the dentin and pulp complex to respond by deposition of sclerotic and reparative dentin deposition. Uncontrolled microleakage generally produces patient pain as well as to later allow bacterial infection resulting in recurrent caries and pulp inflammation. The dynamic, permeable nature of the dentin interface allows residual bacteria to proliferate following cavity preparation. Following sterile operative procedures, bacteria have been shown to percolate into the cavosurface margin resulting in recurrent caries and pulp inflammation. This report considers biological data emphasizing the clinical necessity to provide a hermetic seal to prepared dentin to prevent both dentin hypersensitivity and pulp inflammation.

Dental Leakage↗