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PubMed1994

The impact of a mobile dental system on a school community. Part III--Teachers and parents response to a mobile dental system at school.

According to the principles of the Primary Health Care Approach, planning and implementation of community health programmes should be carried out with the full participation of the community concerned (WHO, 1978). The introduction of the Mobile Dental System to the school environment is an example of a "Community health care/technology approach" where the programme was determined by the professionals for the community and not by the community for itself. Teachers play an important role in the implementation of oral health care programmes in the school, while parents provide the vital and appropriate context and continuity for the success of such programmes. This paper, therefore, deals with the responses of teachers and parents to an introduction of a mobile dental system at their school. A self-administered mostly open-ended questionnaire was distributed to all teachers in the four schools that participated in preventive programmes and were served by the Mobile Dental System. Based on the results it seems that both the teachers and the parents were apathetic in their commitment to the programme although they were quite willing to participate. Their participation was confined to compliance with instructions or suggestions given by the health professionals. It is clear that under these conditions the potential to sustain the momentum created by the introduction of the MDS is limited. It seems that only if the community is involved in the determination of their preferential needs, planning of the appropriate programme and playing an active role in its implementation, will the programme have a chance of long term success.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The enantioseparation of amino acids on a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase using non-aqueous mobile phases after pre-column derivatization with sulfur-containing reagents: the considerations of mobile phase composition and analyte structure variation on resolution enhancement.

Amino acids were derivatized with sulfur-containing reagents in alkaline medium and enantioresolved by HPLC on a teicoplanin chiral stationary phase. Much better resolution was achieved using methanol-based mobile phase compared with elution with acetonitrile-based solvent mixture. The value of selectivity factor for many derivatives examined in the study can be easily several tenths of 100 or even exceed 100 in some cases. This magnitude of resolution is suitable for the preparative-scale application of isolating alpha-amino acid enantiomers in the derivatized form using a short column. The resolution is believed to be a result of the hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance by the nitrogen and sulfur atoms from the isothiocyanatyl fragment of the reagent, respectively, and is enhanced as the fragment is structurally phenylated (e.g. 2,4-difluorophenyl isothiocyanate and others examined in this study). The enhancement is even more significant if the aromatic moiety of the reagent becomes more acidic through halogenation with chlorine or fluorine for the stronger pi-pi interaction. However, this type of enhancement is offset to some extent and sometimes obscured by a chlorinated reagent that is relatively large in size as compared with the fluorinated one. Judging from the chromatographic data and the elution profile, the mechanisms leading to the resolutions are believed to be different under the elution of polar-organic mobile phases (i.e. methanol- and acetonitrile-based mobile phases).

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1989

Heat shocks do not mobilize mobile elements in genomes of Drosophila melanogaster inbred lines.

Males of three inbred lines of Drosophila melanogaster were heat-shocked 90 min at 37 degrees C. The progenies from treated and untreated males mated with untreated females of the same line were checked for their chromosomal insertion patterns of various mobile elements by either in situ hybridization or Southern blots. No modification in the pattern of insertion of the elements studied was observed after heat treatment. Hence, heating males of our inbred lines did not mobilize mobile elements, contrary to recent reports on other lines of Drosophila melanogaster.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

In ankylosing spondylitis serum interleukin-6 correlates with the degree of mobility restriction, but not with short-term changes in the variables for mobility.

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serum concentration of interleukin-6 (IL-6) reflects disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). A group of 271 AS patients were enrolled in the study, 261 of whom completed the entire protocol (201 males, 60 females, median age of 53 years). Serum IL-6 was measured three times (I, baseline; II, after 10-12 days; III, after 17-24 days) during a 3- or 4-week treatment at the health resort. At the same times, the variables for mobility were measured, and the patients were asked to assess their complaints (score) in a self-styled questionnaire. The serum concentration of IL-6 correlated with the measurements of occiput-to-wall distance, cervical rotation, finger-floor distance and Schober sign, and with morning pain at all three evaluations. Comparisons between changes in IL-6 and changes in the variables (measures of mobility, scores of the questionnaires) did not reveal significant correlations. Present data would suggest that in AS the serum concentration of IL-6 indicates the degree of mobility restriction resulting from previous disease progression, but is not a reliable marker of current disease activity.

Arthralgia↗

PubMed2003

Immediate mobilization gives good results in boxer's fractures with volar angulation up to 70 degrees: a prospective randomized trial comparing immediate mobilization with cast immobilization.

BACKGROUND: The management of the subcapital fracture of the fifth metacarpal bone, the boxer's fracture, is still a matter of debate. Besides the question of which rate of angulation is acceptable before a reduction becomes necessary, recommendations for further treatment of this fracture vary as well. Therefore, the aim of our study was to compare randomly and prospectively the results of an immobilization treatment for 3 weeks with cast with a functional treatment, all with accepted angulations up to 70 degrees. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between June 1997 and June 1998, 40 patients were randomly allocated either to treatment with an ulnar gutter plaster cast for a period of 3 weeks followed by mobilization, or a pressure bandage for 1 week and immediate mobilization within limits imposed by pain. All patients were monitored at the outpatient clinic 6 and 12 weeks after the fracture. Clinical outcome was measured by the range of motion (ROM) of the fifth metacarpal phalangeal (MCP) joint, and by interviewing the patients about their satisfaction, pain perception, return to work and hobby, and need for physiotherapy. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients with a mean age of 29 years (range 15-84) completed the required follow-up program. The mean angulation of the fracture was 39 degrees (range 15-70 degrees ). Between the two groups, no statistical differences were scored with respect to ROM, satisfaction, pain perception, return to work and hobby, and need for physiotherapy. According to a sample size calculation (power 90%, alpha 0.05, to detect 5 degrees difference in ROM), 12 patients needed to be included in each group to reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: A pressure bandage for 1 week, followed by immediate mobilization, is a sufficient alternative treatment for a boxer's fracture, if it is not angulated greater than 70 degrees and not rotated. This treatment resulted in satisfied patients who perceived no more pain and had a good ROM of the fifth MCP joint. Reduction of angulated fractures of less than 70 degrees seems not of value, with respect to ROM of the fifth MCP joint.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

The concurrent validity and responsiveness of the high-level mobility assessment tool for measuring the mobility limitations of people with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the concurrent validity and responsiveness of the High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) in people after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: This study compared the concurrent validity and responsiveness of the motor subsection of the FIM instrument and the gross function component of the Rivermead Motor Assessment (RMA) with the HiMAT, a new measure of high-level mobility developed for use in TBI. SETTING: A major rehabilitation hospital. PARTICIPANTS: A convenience sample of 103 participants with TBI were recruited from a major rehabilitation hospital. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: HiMAT, motor FIM, and the gross function RMA. RESULTS: The correlation between the HiMAT and motor FIM was moderate (r=.53, P<.001), largely because of a ceiling effect in the motor FIM. The correlation between the HiMAT and gross function RMA was strong (r=.87, P<.001), yet the gross function RMA was also susceptible to a ceiling effect, with 51.5% of subjects achieving the maximum score. The HiMAT was more responsive than the motor FIM and the gross function RMA on all indices. CONCLUSIONS: The HiMAT is a new unidimensional scale with moderate concurrent validity for measuring high-level mobility. The HiMAT is more responsive and has less of a ceiling effect than either the motor FIM or the gross function RMA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Table of reduced mobility values from ambient pressure ion mobility spectrometry.

This review presents a list of reduced ion mobilities that have been measured under ambient pressure conditions and reported in the open literature during the 16-year period of 1970-1985. Ions reported are listed in order of increasing reduced mobility along with the name of the parent compound, the reduced mobility of additional product ions observed in the spectrum, the carrier and drift gases, the temperature of the drift region and the reference where the data were reported. Also, ions that have been identified by mass spectrometry are indicated with an asterisk.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed2000

Mobile medics? The mobility of doctors in the European Economic Area.

The Treaty of Rome seeks to generate a common European market whereby all barriers to the free movement of produce, capital, services and labour are removed. Current EU policy on the free movement of labour requires that healthcare workers, who are EU citizens and meet certain training criteria, have the right to register to practice in member states other than the one in which they trained. This policy is underpinned by the EEC Directives. For example, the Medical Directive 93/16/EEC describes the framework for the mutual recognition of medical diplomas, certificates and other evidence of qualifications through out the European Economic Area (EEA). The potential impact of this for health policy is clear-workforce planning and the demand for doctors, (and also nurses and other health care professionals), could be particularly affected by new forces impacting on their supply. This paper reports on the reality of labour mobility today, and on the factors upon which mobility depends, by the means of a case study which, investigated the movement into UK of doctors from the EEA. At a formal level there is mutual recognition of diplomas, certificates and other evidence of qualifications. However, formal and 'real life' recognition could be in tension equating in policy terms to an implementation deficit. As a result, there is a 'mixed picture' which makes predicting the future (both for individual countries and for the European Union) even more difficult. Furthermore, different policy objectives have to be reconciled. Do we want high mobility; or do we want to preserve national manpower planning?

Certification↗

PubMed2004

Nonlinear wavelet compression of ion mobility spectra from ion mobility spectrometers mounted in an unmanned aerial vehicle.

Linear and nonlinear wavelet compression of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) data are compared and evaluated. IMS provides low detection limits and rapid response for many compounds. Nonlinear wavelet compression of ion mobility spectra reduced the data to 4-5% of its original size, while eliminating artifacts in the reconstructed spectra that occur with linear compression, and the root-mean-square reconstruction error was 0.17-0.20% of the maximum intensity of the uncompressed spectra. Furthermore, nonlinear wavelet compression precisely preserves the peak location (i.e., drift time). Small variations in peak location may occur in the reconstructed spectra that were linearly compressed. A method was developed and evaluated for optimizing the compression. The compression method was evaluated with in-flight data recorded from ion mobility spectrometers mounted in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Plumes of dimethyl methylphosphonate were disseminated for interrogation by the UAV-mounted IMS system. The daublet 8 wavelet filter exhibited the best performance for these evaluations.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2002

Field dependence of mobilities for gas-phase-protonated monomers and proton-bound dimers of ketones by planar field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (PFAIMS).

The dependence of the mobilities of gas-phase ions on electric fields from 0 to 90 Td at ambient pressure was determined for protonated monomers [(MH+(H2O)n] and proton bound dimers [M2H+(H2O)n] for a homologous series of normal ketones, from acetone to decanone (M=C3H6O to C10H20O). This dependence was measured as the normalized function of mobility alpha (E/N) using a planar field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer (PFAIMS) and the ions were mass-identified using a PFAIMS drift tube coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer. Methods are described to obtain alpha (E/N) from the measurements of compensation voltage versus amplitude of an asymmetric waveform of any shape. Slopes of alpha for MH+ versus E/N were monotonic from 0 to 90 Td for acetone, butanone, and pentanone. Plots for ketones from hexanone to octanone exhibited plateaus at high fields. Nonanone and decanone showed plots with an inversion of slope above 70 Td. Proton bound dimers for ketones with carbon numbers greater than five exhibited slopes for alpha versus E/N, which decreased continuously with increasing E/N. These findings are the first alpha values for ions from a homologous series under atmosphere pressure and are preliminary to explanations of alpha (E/N) with ion structure.

Chromatography, Gas↗

PubMed2003

Effect of moisture on the field dependence of mobility for gas-phase ions of organophosphorus compounds at atmospheric pressure with field asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry.

The electric field dependence of the mobilities of gas-phase protonated monomers [(MH+(H2O)n] and proton-bound dimers [M2H+(H2O)n] of organophosphorus compounds was determined at E/N values between 0 and 140 Td at ambient pressure in air with moisture between 0.1 and 15 000 ppm. Field dependence was described as alpha (E/N) and was obtained from the measurements of compensation voltage versus field amplitude in a planar high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometer. The alpha function for protonated monomers to 140 Td was constant from 0.1 to 10 ppm moisture in air with onset of effect at approximately 50 ppm. The value of alpha increased 2-fold from 100 to 1000 ppm at all E/N values. At moisture values between 1000 and 10 000 ppm, a 2-fold or more increase in alpha (E/N) was observed. In a model proposed here, field dependence for mobility through changes in collision cross sections is governed by the degree of solvation of the protonated molecule by neutral molecules. The process of ion declustering at high E/N values was consistent with the kinetics of ion-neutral collisional periods, and the duty cycle of the waveform applied to the drift tube. Water was the principal neutral above 50 ppm moisture in air, and nitrogen was proposed as the principal neutral below 50 ppm.

Chemical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

Decreased intranuclear mobility of acute myeloid leukemia 1-containing fusion proteins is accompanied by reduced mobility and compartmentalization of core binding factor beta.

Acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1) gene on chromosome 21 is involved in several chromosomal translocations, including t(8;21) and t(16;21), that produce chimeric fusion proteins AML1-eight twenty-one (ETO) and AML-myeloid transforming gene chromosome 16 (MTG16), which contribute to leukemogenesis. The molecular basis for the leukemogenic effects of these fusion proteins is incompletely understood. Using gel-shift assay, we showed that AML1-ETO and AML1-MTG16 bound to a series of AML1 consensus DNA-binding sites with different affinities. Using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we demonstrated that a fusion of AML1 with ETO or MTG16 exhibits reduced intranuclear mobility compared with wild-type AML1 or either fusion partner. The dimerization domain (nervy homology region 2) of ETO is responsible for the reduced mobility of AML1-ETO. Dual FRAP studies revealed that CBFbeta colocalized with AML1-ETO within the nucleus, resulting in reduced mobility of CBFbeta. Therefore, AML1 fusion proteins may interfere with normal AML1 function due to aberrant nuclear dynamics, which leads to spatial and temporal sequestration of CBFbeta and perhaps other coregulators critical for myeloid differentiation.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Characterization of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) mobilized by filgrastim (rHuG-CSF) in normal volunteers: dose-effect relationship for filgrastim with the character of mobilized PBPC.

Filgrastim (rHuG-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in healthy Japanese volunteers were characterized in detail using two clonal cell culture systems and double-colour flow cytometry to detect multilineage colony-forming cells and subsets of CD34+ cells. The kinetics of PBPC during the administration of filgrastim was studied, and possible differences in the character of progenitor cells relative to given doses of filgrastim were investigated. Filgrastim was administered subcutaneously to normal volunteers for 7 d at doses of 100, 200 or 400 microgram/m2 (10 per cohort). Treatment with 100 or 200 microgram/m2 filgrastim was well tolerated; however, the 400 microgram/m2 dose level was not completed because of bone pain and myalgia. The treatment strikingly mobilized various types of progenitor cells, including highly proliferative megakaryocytic colony-forming cells. The number of progenitor cells peaked on days 5 and 6. The fold increase of circulating progenitor cells from the baseline value in the volunteers treated with 200 microgram/m2 filgrastim was more pronounced than in those treated with 100 microgram/m2. Treatment with 200 microgram/m2 also released the less mature progenitor cells (i.e. mixed colony-forming cells CD34+/33- cells, and CD34+/HLA-DR-cells) into circulation better than the 100 microgram/m2 dose. These results suggest that daily subcutaneous injection with 200 microgram/m/2 filgrastim for 5 d will effectively mobilize, both qualitatively and quantitatively, PBPC in healthy donors.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Mobile components associated with rapidly developing mitral annulus calcification in patients with chronic renal failure: review of mobile elements associated with mitral annulus calcification.

Mitral annulus calcification may directly cause cerebrovascular accidents by serving as a source of calcific or thrombotic emboli. This hypothesis has been supported by recent reports of mobile components associated with mitral annulus calcification detected by echocardiography. Cardiovascular calcifications, including mitral annulus calcification, are common in end-stage renal disease and may develop and progress over a short period of time. We report two patients with mobile components associated with mitral annulus calcification and end-stage renal disease. Serial echocardiography documented that the mitral annulus calcification in these two patients had developed rapidly. Follow-up echocardiography in one patient demonstrated resolution of the mobile elements.

Calcinosis↗

PubMed2004

Visualization of inositol phosphate-dependent mobility of Ku: depletion of the DNA-PK cofactor InsP6 inhibits Ku mobility.

Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells by nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is initiated by the DNA-PK protein complex. Recent studies have shown inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) is a potent cofactor for DNA-PK activity in NHEJ. Specifically, InsP6 binds to the Ku component of DNA-PK, where it induces a conformational change and a corresponding increase in DNA end-joining activity. However, the effect of InsP6 on the dynamics of Ku, such as its mobility in the nucleus, is unknown. Importantly, these dynamics reflect the character of Ku's interactions with other molecules. To address this question, the diffusion of Ku was measured by fluorescence photobleaching experiments using cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Ku. InsP6 was depleted by treating cells with calmodulin inhibitors, which included the compounds W7 and chlorpromazine. These treatments caused a 50% reduction in the mobile fraction of Ku-GFP, and this could be reversed by replenishing cells with InsP6. By expressing deletion mutants of Ku-GFP, it was determined that its W7-sensitive region occurred at the N-terminus of the dimerization domain of Ku70. These results therefore show that InsP6 enhances Ku mobility through a discrete region of Ku70, and modulation of InsP6 levels in cells represents a potential avenue for regulating NHEJ by affecting the dynamics of Ku and hence its interaction with other nuclear proteins.

Antigens, Nuclear↗

PubMed1994

G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells for allogeneic transplantation: safety, kinetics of mobilization, and composition of the graft.

Allogeneic transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) makes the general anaesthesia of the donor unnecessary and may result in more rapid engraftment and faster recovery of the immune system. We have studied G-CSF-mediated PBPC mobilization in healthy donors and analysed the cellular composition of the resulting PBPC grafts. PBPC grafts were obtained from nine healthy donors (18-67 years old) for allogeneic or syngeneic transplantation. Six donors received 10 micrograms/kg G-CSF per day, the others 5-6 micrograms/kg. Mobilization and harvesting were well tolerated except for moderate bone pain which occurred in all donors primed with 10 micrograms/kg. With 10 micrograms/kg, a 31-fold (9-62) enrichment of circulating CD34+ cells was observed with peak values constantly occurring on day 5 after the start of G-CSF administration. Starting harvest on day 5, one to three collections on consecutive days yielded 5.5 x 10(6)/kg (0.9-10.7) CD34+ cells, 219 x 10(6)/kg (106-314) T cells, and 34 x 10(6)/kg (23-67) NK cells per 10 litres leukapheresis volume. Altogether, PBPC grafts contained 3 times more CD34+ cells, 7 times more T cells, and 20 times more NK cells than five allogeneic marrow grafts that were analysed for comparison. The yield of CD34+ cells per 10 litres apheresis volume as well as the height of the CD34+ peak in peripheral blood were inversely correlated to the age of the donor. In the donors primed with 5-6 micrograms/kg G-CSF the increase of circulating CD34+ cells (4-7-fold enrichment) and the CD34+ cell yield per 10 litres leukapheresis volume (1 x 10(6)/kg [0.8-2.2]) was much smaller compared with the 10 micrograms/kg group. In conclusion, sufficient amounts of PBPC capable of restoring haemopoiesis in allogeneic recipients can be mobilized safely by administration of G-CSF (10 micrograms/kg s.c. for 5 d) in healthy donors, and harvested with one or two leukapheresis procedures. Whether the large numbers of T-cells and NK cells that are contained in the collection products may influence graft-versus-host and graft-versus-leukaemia reactivities of PBPC grafts remains to be determined.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Development of a lateral mobility task to identify individuals at risk for mobility disability and functional decline.

Lateral mobility is integral to many activities of daily living involving transfer from one position to another. The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the validity and test-retest reliability of a lateral-mobility (LATMOB) task for older adults. Measurements of lateral mobility, balance, and strength and self-reported and performance-based physical functioning were obtained in 63 women and 77 men > or = 50 years of age. The LATMOB task was significantly correlated with age, knee-extensor strength, grip strength, functional reach, and one-leg-stance time. Test-retest reliability of the task was excellent. The LATMOB task was highly correlated with the car task. Balance was significantly correlated with time to get into and out of a car and performance on the LATMOB task. The LATMOB task was significantly correlated with the Short Physical Performance Battery score. The LATMOB task is valid and reliable, but additional work is needed to assess its sensitivity to change and predictive validity.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1974

Mobility and the restriction of mobility of plasma membrane lectin-binding components.

Labeling by ferritin-conjugated agglutinins from Ricinus communis was used to demonstrate the relative mobilities of the agglutinin receptors located in specific regions on plasma membranes of rabbit spermatozoa. The relative mobility of lectin receptors was higher on postacrosomal regions of sperm than on acrosomal and tail regions. Lectin-induced clustering could not be demonstrated in the acrosomal and tail regions, an indication of the existence of localized restraints on the mobilities of lectin receptors. A system of transmembrane restraints may maintain the segregation of plasma membrane components into membrane domains on certain highly differentiated cells.

Animals↗