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117 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Familial tendency and dietary association of goitre in Gamo-Gofa, Ethiopia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the familial tendency and dietary association of goitre. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with descriptive and analytical components. SETTING: Goma-Gofa, south Ethiopia. SUBJECTS: Five hundred and ninety seven elementary school children aged 6-18 years and their biological parents. RESULTS: Prevalence of goitre was found to be 51.7% of which 21.7% was visible goitre. The mean urinary iodine extraction levels indicated adequate dietary intake of iodine by the study group. A significant association (p < 0.001) was established for familial tendency of goitre between parents and their children. Consumption of halleko (Moringa stenopetala), a leafy vegetable common in the study area, of more than two times per day was significantly (p < 0.005) associated with causation of goitre. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that goitre prevalence in Gamo-Gofa, Ethiopia is due to familial tendency as well as dietary factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Ciguatoxic fish in the French West Indies.

An epidemiological study on ciguatera fish poisoning in the French West Indies on St-Barthelemy, St-Martin and Anguilla was conducted in the years 1985-1986-1987 and 1991-1992. A study on the toxicity of coral fish was realized. The toxicity of 700 fish belonging to 57 species was evaluated by bio-assays. 430 mosquito-bio-assays were performed on individual fish (flesh or liver) and 19 on pools (flesh or liver; with 4 to 24 fish). A second group was evaluated on liver by the chick feeding-test (33 individual and 64 on pools with 2 to 24 fish). The results showed that many species are involved in the toxic food chain. At least 25% may have a high level of toxicity, 32.5% are intermediate and 10% are doubtful. Major results concern: (1) high risk species (Caranx bartholomaei, C. lugubris, Lutjanus apodus, L. jocu, Gymnothorax funebris, G. moringa, Mycteroperca venenosa, M. tigris, Epinephelus morio, Sphyraena barracuda); (2) intermediate species (Caranx latus, C. ruber, Lutjanus buccanella); (3) low risk species (Balistes vetula, Haemulon album, Priacantus arenatus, Alphestes afer). Occasionally other species or new species are involved Etelis oculatus, Lutjanus analis, Pristipomoides macrophtalmus, Rhomboplites aurorubens, Haemulon album, Scarus vetula.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

[Risk factors of ciguatera in the French West Indies in Saint-Barthélémy, Saint-Martin and Anguilla].

An epidemiological study on ciguatera fish poisoning in the French West Indies (St-Barthelemy, St-Martin and Anguilla) was conducted during the years 1985-1986. The investigation on intoxications shows a non seasonal significant prevalence. Though it was difficult to list the cases, the morbidity seems to vary between 7 and 30 per thousand. A study of fish toxicity was realised; 46 different species were tested (individually or by pools) by the mosquito bio-test. Observations of intoxications give the following results: High risk species: Caranx bartholomaei, C. lugubris, Seriola dumerili, Lutjanus apodus, L. jocu, Pristipomoides macrophtalmus, Gymnothorax funebris, G. moringa, Scomberomorus cavalla, S. regalis, Mycteroperca venenosa, M. tigris, Epinephelus morio, Sphyraena barracuda. Intermediate species: Caranx latus, C. ruber, Lachnolaimus maximus, Lutjanus analis, L. buccanella, L. griseus, Malacanthus plumieri, Scomberomorus maculatus. Low risk species: Balistes vetula, Alectis ciliaris, Haemulon album, Bodianus rufus, Halichoeres radiatus, Priacanthus arenatus, Alphestes afer. Many species are involved in the toxic food chain. New ones have been identified, but it is difficult to determine the toxic level range. A cartography is presented but no place is free of risk. A research of Gambierdiscus toxicus, the causal agent, on algal surface from dead corals was conducted around St-Barthelemy and St-Martin. The dinoflagellate is found in low or medium populations all around the islands with no difference between North and South. There is a maximal activity during the spring. A model of the epidemiology of the ciguatera in the area is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Bioavailability of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin from commonly consumed green leafy vegetables in the rural areas of Andhra Pradesh in India.

The physiological availability of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin from three green leafy vegetables -- amaranth (Amaranthes gangeticus), gogu (Hibiscus cannabinus) and drumstick leaves (Moringa oleifera) was calculated from individual dose response curves. The bioavailability of thiamine and riboflavin was higher from drumstick leaves curry, while the availability of niacin was higher from gogu curry. But the differences in the bioavailability of the vitamins from the experimental curries was not significant.

Biological Availability↗
PubMed1993

[Traditional therapy of dracunculiasis in the state of Bauchi - Nigeria].

Traditional medicinal treatments of guinea worm being applied in various parts of Bauchi State were investigated. Extracts of leaves of a number of plants were universally applied topically. Users perceived relief of pain and accelerated expulsion of worms and healing process. In particular, Tamarindus indica, Adansonia digitata, Calotropis procera, Ziziphus jaozeiro and Moringa olifera are known in nature to have relevant medicinal properties especially lessening of inflammation, relief of pain, or promoting healing or reducing secondary bacterial infections. The possibility was expressed that some of the herbs might be exerting useful effects and could be exploited for the effective treatment of guinea worm.

Dracunculiasis↗
PubMed2002

Use of a mattress suture to eliminate dog ears in double-stapled and triple-stapled anastomoses.

Double-stapling techniques for restorative rectal resection have been effective in minimizing local contamination compared with open circular stapling techniques. Inclusion of the transverse staple line closure of the distal rectal stump in the circular stapled anastomosis may minimize the risk of suture line recurrence. A technique for formation of such an anastomosis is described that avoids use of a distal purse string.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Separation and purification of glucosinolates from crude plant homogenates by high-speed counter-current chromatography.

Glucosinolates are anionic, hydrophilic plant secondary metabolites which are of particular interest due to their role in the prevention of cancer and other chronic and degenerative diseases. The separation and purification of glucosinolates from a variety of plant sources (e.g. seeds of broccoli, arugula and the horseradish tree), was achieved using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). A high-salt, highly polar system containing 1-propanol-acetonitrile-saturated aqueous ammonium sulfate-water (1:0.5:1.2:1), was run on a semi-preparative scale and then transferred directly to preparative scale. Up to 7 g of a concentrated methanolic syrup containing about 10% glucosinolates was loaded on an 850-ml HSCCC column, and good separation and recovery were demonstrated for 4-methylsulfinylbutyl, 3-methylsulfinylpropyl, 4-methylthiobutyl, 2-propenyl and 4-(rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl glucosinolates. Multiple injections (5 to 6 times) were performed with well-preserved liquid stationary phase under centrifugal force. Pooled sequential runs with broccoli seed extract yielded about 20 g of its predominant glucosinolate, glucoraphanin, which was produced at > 95% purity and reduced to powdered form.

Brassica↗
PubMed1996

Assessment of tumor invasion of the distal esophagus in carcinoma of the cardia using endoscopic ultrasonography.

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Esophageal invasion by carcinoma of the cardia may affect the surgical approach. Accurate assessment of esophageal invasion is difficult using endoscopy, computed tomography, or barium contrast radiography. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the prediction of esophageal invasion by carcinoma of the cardia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: EUS (using a linear-array scanner) was carried out prospectively in 47 patients with carcinoma of the cardia who underwent subsequent surgical resection. The findings were correlated with the histopathological assessment of tumor infiltration in the esophagus in the resected specimen. RESULTS: An absence of esophageal invasion was correctly predicted by EUS in 12 of 13 patients. Histopathologically confirmed invasion of the esophagus was correctly predicted in 32 of 34 patients. With a margin of error of 10 mm, the accuracy of EUS in predicting or excluding histologically confirmed invasion of the esophagus was 85.1% (40 of 47 patients). False-positive results with EUS occurred in patients with prominent edematous or fibrous changes in the distal esophagus; false-negative results with EUS were seen in patients with scattered infiltration of a small number of tumor cells into the mucosal or submucosal layer. CONCLUSIONS: EUS can provide the surgeon with additional information on the extent of esophageal infiltration in patients with carcinoma of the gastric cardia, and can therefore assist in the selection of the surgical approach.

Adult↗