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PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous passive motion after total knee arthroplasty: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Continuous passive motion (CPM) has been shown to increase significantly the amount of knee flexion for patients with total knee arthroplasty in the acute care hospital. Whether there is any additional benefit to using CPM for these patients who are transferred to a rehabilitation hospital is not known. There have been no prospective, randomized, controlled studies in this area. DESIGN: Fifty-one such patients on an inpatient rehabilitation service were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 (n = 23) received CPM for 5 consecutive hours per day plus physical therapy, whereas group 2 (n = 28) received only physical therapy. Knee flexion was measured by a blinded physical therapist on admission, on the third and seventh days of hospitalization, and at the time of discharge. RESULTS: The results indicated no significant difference in passive range of motion between group 1 and group 2. Patients in group 1 achieved an average increase in passive range of motion of 16 degrees, whereas those in group 2 achieved an average of 19 degrees (P = 0.33). CONCLUSION: Although power analysis indicated the need for differences in results for 32 patients per group to achieve significance, the difference between the two groups suggested neither statistical nor clinical significance. We concluded that the use of CPM in the rehabilitation hospital is likely of no added benefit to patients admitted after single total-knee replacement.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

[Bilateral luxatio erecta of the shoulder joint--a rare injury. Management and therapy in polytrauma patients].

The case of a 36-year-old male patient is reported who fell from 20 m, sustaining injuries to the abdomen and pelvis and fractures of both arms and the left leg as well as erect dislocation of both shoulders (luxatio erecta humeri). The injury on the right was subcoracoid, that on the left subglenoid-a compound dislocation of the humerus head through the axilla. Based on this case and the pertinent literature, the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare injury are discussed. After immediate closed reduction, soft tissue damage, fractures or neurovascular lesions should be operated on as soon as possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Gap formation during controlled motion after flexor tendon repair in zone II: a prospective clinical study.

Intratendinous metal markers were used to study the formation of gaps in flexor digitorum profundus tendon repairs during and after early controlled motion with dynamic flexion traction and to evaluate their significance for results in 34 digits with repairs in zone II. The mean (+/- SD) final repair elongation was 3.2 (+/- 3.6) mm. Linear regression analysis showed a general trend toward an inverse relationship between elongation and clinical results in terms of active interphalangeal joint range of motion, but the correlation was weak, and in the individual case gap formation was a poor predictor of clinical result. Gaps of up to 10 mm were quite compatible with good function. The results indicate that controlled motion is effective in restricting the formation of adhesions associated with gap formation during postoperative immobilization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A comparative study of two methods of controlled mobilization of flexor tendon repairs in zone 2.

This prospective study compares subjects following primary repair of flexor tendons in zone 2 using either controlled active motion or a modified Kleinert regime. A matched pairs design was employed, subjects being matched for gender, age and injury characteristics. Twenty-six pairs of subjects with 92 tendon injuries in 52 digits were assessed 12 weeks postoperatively in respect of range of motion and dehiscence. Outcomes were defined using the Strickland criteria. No statistically significant differences in respect of range of motion were demonstrated between the groups. Incidence of rupture, however, was significantly less in the modified Kleinert group (7.7%) than in the controlled active motion group (46%).

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Knee manipulation following total knee arthroplasty. Analysis of prognostic variables.

In an effort to identify prognostic indicators for knee manipulation, the authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 60 osteoarthritic patients with posterior stabilized knee implants who required manipulation (94 knees) between January 1984 and December 1986. They also studied the records of 28 consecutive osteoarthritic patients who were implanted with 41 posterior stabilized knees between January 1985 and September 1985 whose knees did not require manipulation (control group). In both patient groups the following parameters were assessed and compared: overall knee alignment, joint line elevation, anterior to posterior (AP) dimension of the knee, AP placement of the tibial component, patellar height, obesity, age, preoperative flexion, time of manipulation, single vs bilateral knee implants, final flexion, final Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score, and the development of heterotopic ossification. The findings of this study showed that an increase in the AP knee dimension by 12% or greater was a critically independent variable that significantly predisposed patients to manipulation. They also show that quadriceps adhesions were another major factor leading to manipulation, and that rupturing of these adhesions led to an increase in heterotopic ossification. This review also indicated that 3 months after knee arthroplasty was a significant time for evaluation because knee flexion and HSS score at this point in the patient's recovery positively correlated with the final HSS score.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cheilectomy, chondroplasty, and sagittal "Z" osteotomy: a preliminary report on an alternative joint preservation approach to hallux limitus.

The surgical correction of hallux limitus can be most rewarding for both patient and surgeon when marked degenerative changes exist in older individuals. Many foot and ankle surgeons would perform an implant arthroplasty in a patient over 60 years of age with hallux limitus or rigidus. In a patient without gross first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrosis, but with limitation in range of motion, the literature is replete with biomechanically sound surgical options. However, surgical repair of the moderate-to-severe arthritic first metatarsophalangeal joint in younger individuals remains quite a challenge. The authors present the use of a sagittal plane "Z" osteotomy of the proximal phalanx along with cheilectomy and chondroplasty for the treatment of hallux limitus and rigidus in the young, active patient.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Patella height after high tibial osteotomy with internal fixation and early motion.

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of patella infera in patients after high tibial osteotomy treated with either postoperative immobilization or internal fixation and early range of motion. A retrospective review of 98 patients with high tibial osteotomy was done at the authors' institution. Thirty-three patients who had secondary procedures such as concomitant ligamentous reconstruction with early motion were excluded. Therefore, 69 knees in 65 patients remained in the study cohort. Group A consisted of 32 patients (34 knees) treated with postoperative immobilization, whereas Group B included 33 patients (35 knees) treated with internal fixation and early motion. The preoperative and postoperative Insall-Salvati index, Blackburne-Peel index, and angular alignment were determined for each group. Between Groups A and B, the differences in the Insall-Salvati index and the Blackburne-Peel index were statistically significant, although the difference in angular correction was not significant. With rigid fixation and early motion the Insall-Salvati index showed that there was less postoperative shortening of the patellar tendon. The relationship of the patella to the remainder of the knee was affected less adversely as evidenced by the Blackburne-Peel index. High tibial osteotomy with internal fixation and early range of motion should result in a better knee and ease the subsequent performance of a total knee arthroplasty.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed1992

Primary degenerative arthritis of the elbow. Treatment by ulnohumeral arthroplasty.

Degenerative arthritis of the elbow is a poorly recognised condition, usually seen in a middle-aged man with an occupation or activity which involves the repetitive use of his dominant arm. Flexion contracture and pain at terminal extension are common presenting features. Fifteen patients were reviewed at a mean of 33 months after debridement by ulnohumeral arthroplasty. Fourteen had good relief of pain, elbow extension had improved by an average of 11 degrees and elbow flexion by 10 degrees. On an objective scale 12 of the 15 patients had good or excellent results and 13 (87%) felt that they were improved by the operation.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Use of allografts after failed treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament.

A prospective study was done of the use of allogeneic tissue to reconstruct the anterior cruciate ligament in knees in which an intra-articular or an extra-articular operation had failed. Sixty-six consecutive patients (sixty-six knees) had such an operation with use of bone-patellar ligament-bone allografts; all but one returned for follow-up evaluation twenty-three to seventy-eight months (mean, forty-two months) after the operation. A total of 235 previous operations had been performed in these sixty-six knees, including eighty-one procedures for rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. The results of the allograft procedure were evaluated with a subjective and objective system that rated twenty factors. The anterior-posterior displacement was substantially improved in most of the patients. According to data derived from arthrometric studies and pivot-shift tests of the fifty-seven patients who were so evaluated and in whom the condition was unilateral, 53 per cent (thirty) of the reconstructed ligaments were determined to be functional; 21 per cent (twelve ligaments), partially functional; and 26 per cent (fifteen ligaments), a failure. When we calculated the rate of failure by including ten failures that had occurred within two years after the operation with the fifteen that occurred in patients who had been followed for at least two years, the over-all rate of failure was 33 per cent (twenty-five of seventy-five operations). There was significant improvement in the subjective ratings of functional limitations and symptoms (p < 0.01) and in the over-all rating score (p < 0.0001). However, there was a significant difference between the scores of the patients in whom the surfaces of the articular cartilage had appeared normal at the index operation and those of the patients in whom there had been noteworthy fissuring and fragmentation or exposure of subchondral bone. After the program of rehabilitation, which included immediate motion of the knee, a range of motion of 0 to 135 degrees was restored in all but five knees, four of which lacked only 5 degrees of this extent of flexion or extension. The results demonstrate that bone-patellar ligament-bone allografts may be used when proper autogenous tissues are not available and that symptoms and abnormal displacement were reduced in most of our patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2004

Tegner and Lysholm scores in brace-free rehabilitation.

OBJECTIVE: To compare results of aggressive method of rehabilitation after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament against results of standard braced method of rehabilitation, and to determine prognostic factors. This is a retrospective comparative study with statistical analysis. METHODS: In this study, 85 patients were operated in the Armed Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between December 1998 and December 2001, and underwent rehabilitation with a minimum follow up of 2 years. The patients were split into 2 groups. Group A consist of 32 patients and they underwent the standard rehabilitation program according to established braced programs. Group B is the subsequent 53 consecutive patients who were subjected to aggressive brace-free rehabilitation program. All knees were measured for Tegner and Lysholm scores as the main indicator of assessment in the preinjury hindsight appraisal, and compared with scores obtained 4 months and 2 years post reconstruction. RESULTS: Linking the preinjury Tegner and Lysholm scores to the 4 months follow up scores for group A, there was a mean loss of 1.9 and 14 constituting 26% and 22.2% (p=0.015), range 1.07-3.5 and 9.8-23.5. Linking the preinjury Tegner and Lysholm scores to the 4 months follow up scores for group B, there was a mean loss of 1.1 and 9.0 constituting 15.4% and 13.6% (p=0.012), range 0.67-3.5 and 6.8-13.5. When comparing the preinjury Tegner and Lysholm scores to the 2 years follow up scores for group A, there was a mean loss of 1.0 and 8.0 constituting 13.6% and 11.6% (p=0.024), range 0.67-3.5 and 6.8-13.5. When comparing the preinjury Tegner and Lysholm scores to 2 years follow up scores for group B, there was a mean loss of 0.4 and 1.0 constituting 5.5% and 1.5% (p=0.015), range 0.1-1.5 and 6.8-13.5. Appraisal of the aggregate data of 2 groups has shown that the loss from preinjury Tegner and Lysholm scores was 20.7% versus 16.9% lower at 4 months (p=0.013), but only 12.6% versus 3.55% lower at 2 years (p=0.036). CONCLUSION: Results of aggressive rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction both subjectively and clinically are superior to that of the standard braced rehabilitation. A better prognostic result with aggressive rehabilitation can be predicted for patients with high preinjury scores compared to patients with a low preinjury score. The result of this study support the use of accelerated brace free rehabilitation in autogenous patellar tendon graft, and has shown that intensive rehabilitation facilitate return to sport activities at 4 months postoperatively.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Trismus appliances and indications for use.

Trismus is a condition that impairs eating, interferes with oral hygiene, restricts access for dental procedures, and may adversely affect speech and facial appearance. The success of treatment depends on recognition of the cause and initiation of appropriate management. Ideally, trismus appliances are used in conjunction with physical therapy and are most effective when the condition is the result of muscle fibrosis or scar tissue that has not yet matured. Trismus appliances act either externally or internally, and the forces they impart can be continuous or intermittent, light or heavy, and elastic or inelastic. Six appliances have been described in the literature. A seventh appliance, a plastic tapered cylinder, is also effective. The tapered cylinder relies on the patient's depressor muscles to separate the jaws, and allows easy appreciation of the progress made. The stretching force applied with this appliance is limited by the strength of the patient's depressor muscles.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

The use of a dynamic opening device in the treatment of radiation induced trismus.

A commonly observed sequela of radiation therapy for malignancy of the head and neck is trismus. Patients may experience a marked restriction of jaw opening and overall mobility, which is of great concern and lessens the quality of life. A 66 year old edentulous man experiencing radiation therapy induced trismus was treated with a dynamic opening device to improve his opening and range of movement, before new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were constructed for him.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Effect of a passive jaw motion device on pain and range of motion in TMD patients not responding to flat plane intraoral appliances.

This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of a passive jaw motion device, the Therabite, and wooden tongue depressors (WTD), in patients with temporomandibular joint and muscle disorders, who did not improve after manual manipulation of the mandible and flat bite plane therapy. Forty-three patients were enrolled in the study and were classified as joint or muscle groups according to the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD. Twenty-four were assigned to the joint group, and 19 patients were assigned to the muscle group. The patients were assigned at random to three treatment subgroups: 1. passive jaw motion device therapy (Therabite); 2. wooden tongue depressors therapy (WTD); and 3. control group. All subjects received flat bite plane appliance therapy throughout the treatment period. Mandibular range of motion was measured for maximum opening (MO), right and left lateral (Rt. Lateral, Lt. Lateral) and protrusive (Pr) movements. Pain level was also assessed at the beginning and at the end of the treatment. The results suggested that a passive jaw motion device is effective in increasing range of motion in both groups of temporomandibular disorder patients, joint (intracapsular) and muscle (extracapsular). It also appears to decrease pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders. Pain was relieved to a greater degree in the muscle group than the joint group.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Continuous passive motion (CPM): theory and principles of clinical application.

Stiffness following surgery or injury to a joint develops as a progression of four stages: bleeding, edema, granulation tissue, and fibrosis. Continuous passive motion (CPM) properly applied during the first two stages of stiffness acts to pump blood and edema fluid away from the joint and periarticular tissues. This allows maintenance of normal periarticular soft tissue compliance. CPM is thus effective in preventing the development of stiffness if full motion is applied immediately following surgery and continued until swelling that limits the full motion of the joint no longer develops. This concept has been applied successfully to elbow rehabilitation, and explains the controversy surrounding CPM following knee arthroplasty. The application of this concept to clinical practice requires a paradigm shift, resulting in our attention being focused on preventing the initial or delayed accumulation of periarticular interstitial fluids.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee↗
PubMed1994

The therapist's management of intra-articular fractures.

Fabrication of the dynamic traction splint is described in step-by-step fashion in order to aid surgeons to understand the principles of application of the method and to assist hand therapists to make the splint. The new 6-inch diameter arcuate hoop and the radial or ulnar gutter base splint are detailed. Modification of continuous passive motion machines is described for use in conjunction with dynamic traction. Alternative splint applications and post-dynamic traction splinting therapy methods are outlined.

Finger Injuries↗
PubMed2003

Posttraumatic contracture of elbow treated with intraarticular technique.

BACKGROUND: Posttraumatic contracture of the elbow (either flexion or extension) is sometimes very disabling. However, an absolutely convincing surgical technique has not yet been defined in the literature. We developed an intraarticular technique to concomitantly treat both intraarticular and extraarticular lesions with one posterior incision. METHODS: Twenty consecutive adult patients were treated. After the olecranon was osteotomized, all intraarticular pathologies and the anteroposterior capsule were corrected completely. The olecranon was then stabilized with the modified tension band wiring technique. Immediately postoperatively, continuous passive movement was performed, and range-of-motion exercise of the elbow was encouraged continuously. RESULTS: All 20 patients were followed up for a median of 3.8 (range 2.1-6.6) years. The satisfactory rate was 95% (19 of 20, p<0.001). The flexion contracture improved from an average of 42 to 13 deg (p<0.001), and the maximal flexion improved from an average of 89 to 131 deg (p<0.001). The arc of motion improved from an average of 47 to 118 deg (p<0.001). The sole unsatisfactory patient still had 20-110 deg of arc of motion. There were no evident complications noted. CONCLUSION: Compared with other techniques, we recommend this one due to its high satisfactory rate and low complication rate.

Adult↗