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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of gonadal hormone function in adolescent girls after antineoplastic therapy].

In 17 girls after the complex anti-neoplasm therapy we estimated the state of genital organs and the course of menorrhagia cycle together with plasma levels of beta-estradiol, progesterone and prolactin assessed by RIA. We found the secondary lack of menorrhagia together with lowered progesterone and beta-estradiol levels in 3 girls, in whom the abdominal cavity was irradiated. In other 3 girls the transient lack of menorrhagia was stated in the course of chemotherapy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Gene therapy for lung neoplasms.

The field of gene therapy is still in its infancy, but significant accomplishments have been achieved. The ability to transfer genes safely and successfully into animals and patients clearly has been established. It is highly likely that in the near future, gene therapy will be shown to have clear therapeutic efficacy in diseases such as the treatment of hemophilia (using adeno-associated virus vectors) and the stimulation of angiogenesis in peripheral vascular disease and myocardial ischemia. Although only Phase 1 cancer gene therapy trials for thoracic malignancy have been conducted (usually in patients with large tumor burdens and at submaximal doses), there are some hints of efficacy at higher doses of vector in trials for localized malignancy. The studies reviewed in this article demonstrate the first attempts to use gene therapy vectors for lung cancer and mesothelioma. Although none of the diseases studied was "cured," valuable lessons have been learned from these trials, especially in defining the challenges of relatively inefficient and transient delivery of transgene in vivo. Using this knowledge, the second phase of gene therapy research has begun, with a strong focus on developing improved vector technology. Given the progress so far, there is little doubt that gene therapy will become a key approach for the treatment of thoracic malignancies in the near future.

Forecasting↗
PubMed2001

[Renal protection with amifostine during intraoperative peritoneal chemohyperthermia (IPCH) with cisplatin (CDDP) for peritoneal carcinosis. Phase 1 study].

BACKGROUND: An innovative approach to peritoneal neoplasm therapy is based on the surgical exeresis of visceral neoplasms, peritonectomy and lastly perfusion of the abdominal cavity with cytostatic drugs in hypothermia (1PCH). Cisplatin (CDDP) is one of the most frequently used drugs for peritoneal perfusion owing to its excellent synergy with hypothermia, reduced ability to penetrate the peritoneal- plasma barrier and its demonstrated efficacy against the majority of neoplasms causing peritoneal carcinosis. A major restriction is that CDDP causes renal toxicity. In order to minimise the risk of renal damage, the authors studied the use of amifostin to protect the renal system. A phase-1 study was performed to find the dose of amifostin that guarantees effective renal protection without causing hypotension. METHODS: A total of 67 cytoreductions were performed at our centre associated with abdominal cavity perfusion using cytostatic compounds in hyperthermia (1PCH) with CDDP for peritoneal carcinosis. Among the first 9 patients undergoing IPCH without nephroprotection, Grade 2 (WHO) renal toxicity was observed in 4 cases (44%) and Grade IV-WHO toxicity in one patient (11%) leading to hemodialysis and death. Arnifastin was then administered to 18 patients. The administration protocol was as follows: cytoreduction, im. administration of amifostin 910 mg/m2 in 15 minutes, execution of IPCH. All patients treated using this dose presented hypotension with systolic arterial pressure <70 mmHg and amifostin administration was consequently suspended. Amifostin was then administered to a further 18 patients divided into groups of three. The dose used for the first triplet was 400 mg/m2; we then increased the dose by 50 mg/m2 in each subsequent triplet. The maximum dose tolerated was 50 mg/m2 less than the initial dose that caused systolic pressure to fall below 70 mmHg. RESULTS: Patients treated with doses = or <500 mg/m2 did not present hypotension and it was therefore possible to administer the entire dose. Patients treated with 600 mg/m2 of amifostin all presented hypotension <70 mg Hg, leading to the suspension of the drug. A new triplet of patients was treated at a dose of 550 mg/m2 and none showed hypotension. Taking 550 mg/m2 as the maximum tolerable dose, a further 22 patients then received amifostin infusion with 550 mg/m2 prior to IPCH. Creatinemia was assayed daily for two weeks and creatinine clearance was measured twice a week to evaluate the efficacy of nephroprotection. None of the patients treated with amifostin during the study died from causes correlated to renal failure: 1 patient died from TEP and 1 from septic shock. No patient treated with a dose of 550 mg/m2 developed arterial hypotension. None of the 18 patients in the dose-finding study presented postoperative creatinemia >1.6 (WHO grade 1 toxicity). In the group of 22 patients treated later, 2 cases (9%) presented creatinemia >1.6 (1.8 and 2.1) for a few days; both had undergone severe debulking and one of the patients subsequently underwent resection and anastomosis of the left renal artery invaded by the neoplasm. CONCLUSIONS: Some patients undergoing cytoreduction+IPCH without the use of amifostin developed severe renal toxicity; acute renal failure occurred in 1 patient requiring hemodialysis and was the main cause of death. None of the 28 patients treated with amifostin 550 mg/m2 developed hypotension or renal insufficiency; only 2 cases showed a slight transient increase in renal function markers. Amifostin appears to be an effective drug for protecting renal emunctory from the toxic effects of CDDP used in cytoreduction+IPCH in patients with peritoneal carcinosis. The dose of 550 mg/m2 used in this study does not cause hypotension and is recommended for this type of clinical use.

Amifostine↗
PubMed1985

Photodynamic therapy of gynecologic neoplasms after presensitization with hematoporphyrin derivative.

Five patients with various gynecologic neoplasms were treated with photodynamic therapy using 630-nm light delivered from an argon dye laser system following the intravenous injection of hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD). A patient with multifocal squamous cell cancer of the vagina had no evidence of disease 15 months after her first photodynamic therapy treatment. Autopsy nine months after the first treatment of another patient with multifocal invasive cancer of the vagina and parametrium showed no evidence of tumor on the surface of the vagina. Eight months after treatment of an 8 X 12 cm area of Bowen's disease of the vulva and thigh, there was no evidence of disease. Vaginal bleeding from breast cancer metastatic to the endometrium was controlled by one treatment until the patient expired five months later from her disease. Adenocarcinoma metastatic to the vaginal cuff showed partial response when vaginectomy was performed five weeks after photodynamic therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Therapy-induced malignant neoplasms in Nf1 mutant mice.

Therapy-induced cancers are a severe complication of genotoxic therapies. We used heterozygous Nf1 mutant mice as a sensitized genetic background to investigate tumor induction by radiation (RAD) and cyclophosphamide (CY). Mutagen-exposed Nf1(+/-) mice developed secondary cancers that are common in humans, including myeloid malignancies, sarcomas, and breast cancers. RAD cooperated strongly with heterozygous Nf1 inactivation in tumorigenesis. Most of the solid tumors showed loss of the wild-type Nf1 allele but retained two Trp53 alleles. Comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated distinct patterns of copy number aberrations in sarcomas and breast cancers from Nf1 mutant mice, and tumor cell lines showed deregulated Ras signaling. Nf1(+/-) mice provide a tractable model for investigating the pathogenesis of common mutagen-induced cancers and for testing preventive strategies.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Acute myelogenous leukemia subsequent to therapy for a different neoplasm: clinical features and response to therapy.

The clinical characteristics of 10 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) which developed subsequently to treatment for another neoplasm are described. This disease appears to differ from "spontaneous" AML in being associated with lesser degrees of leukemic infiltration of the marrow and more frequent chromosomal aberrations. Only one of the nine patients who received chemotherapy attained remission status, and the mean and median survivals from the initiation of chemotherapy were 2.7 months and one month respectively. Nine of the 10 patients died as a result of infection. The refractoriness of this form of AML to chemotherapy was borne out by a review of the literature, which revealed only two remissions in 32 treated patients. The implications for the management of this disease are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1980

Cutaneous malignant melanoma after immunosuppressive therapy.

Malignant neoplasm after immunosuppressive therapy is a well-known entity. Though a considerable number of such lesions are cutaneous in origin, melanoma has rarely been reported. In this communication, six such melanoma cases are reported.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of plasma from patients with primary intracranial neoplasms.

Plasma from patients with malignant and benign primary intracranial neoplasms and from healthy control subjects has been examined using proton (1H) and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Some features in the spectra of plasma from patients with malignant tumors differ significantly (p less than 0.01) from the corresponding features in the spectra of plasma from control subjects and from patients with benign tumors. The NMR spectral parameters vary consistently with the Kernohan grade of astrocytoma, which may suggest that they give a measure of tumor growth kinetics. The observed spectral differences are shown to be due to elevated levels of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid residues in the plasma of cancer patients. It is proposed that these lipid residues arise from cell membranes shed from cells in growing tumors. The ability to follow tumor growth kinetics directly may be of considerable importance in elucidating the effects of primary intracranial neoplasm therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Gene therapy for malignant neoplasms of the CNS.

Five different gene transfer protocols have progressed into human clinical trials for the treatment of brain tumors. Two utilize the in vivo transfer of the Herpes Simplex-thymidine kinase (HS-tk) gene by either retroviral or adenoviral gene transfer. HS-tk confers a sensitivity to the anti-herpes drug ganciclovir (GCV). Insertion of HS-tk into tumors and subsequent treatment with GCV has successfully eliminated tumors in experimental animal models despite less than a 100% gene transfer efficiency. This phenomenon, the 'bystander effect', allows the destruction of neighboring tumor cells not transduced with HS-tk. Two other approaches use ex vivo gene transfer of either the IL-2 or antisense insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) genes into autologous tumor cells. In animal models, tumor cells genetically altered with antisense IGF-1 or IL-2 genes induce a potent cell-mediated antitumor response. The fifth approach uses the genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells instead of tumor cells. In this approach, the multiple drug resistance (MDR-1) gene is transferred into stem cells to protect them from the toxic effects of certain chemotherapy drugs. This may allow the administration of higher doses without increasing bone marrow toxicity. Together, these clinical trials will provide critical information needed to develop improved gene transfer technologies for humans and to attain clinical benefit for cancer patients.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗