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Results for “Necrobiotic Disorders”

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PubMed1992

Auricular granuloma annulare. A consequence of trauma?

Localized granuloma annulare (GA) is a cutaneous disorder characterized by the formation of palisading necrobiotic granulomas. Although trauma and vasculitis have been considered, the etiology of most cases remains obscure and the disease is generally considered to be idiopathic. The condition may occur at any age and at any site, but usually involves the hands or feet of children or young adults, predominantly affecting females. We present two cases occurring as nodules involving the external ears of males. One of these showed a bilateral distribution and was clearly related to trauma.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Apoptosis: decrease of hepatocyte population in mice after hyperthermia.

hyperthermia caused hemodynamic disorders in the liver and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in hepatocytes of CBA mice. Total hepatocyte count decreased during restitution, this decrease being most pronounced 30 min after exposure. The number of binucleated cells also markedly decreased. The absence of necrotic changes in hepatocytes during the entire restitution period indicated their apoptotic death and elimination by macrophagal resorption. Under these conditions liver regeneration at the cellular level occured mainly via division of binucleated hepatocytes. On the other hand, proliferation of oval cells in the portal zones and their differentiation into hepatocytes were observed at certain stages of reparative regeneration of the liver.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

[Skin symptoms in extracutaneous lymphomas, leukemias and plasmacytomas].

In neoplastic diseases of the haemopoietic and the lymphatic system, the skin may be infiltrated specifically by neoplastic cells or may display 'nonspecific' cutaneous reactions, frequently associated with a systemic malignancy. Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis associated with myeloproliferative disorders and scleromyxedema, lichen myxedematosus, diffuse plane xanthomas and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma associated with paraproteinemia may serve as examples. These conditions as well as several other, often atypical cutaneous manifestations should rise suspicion as to the potential presence of some underlying systemic neoplastic disorder.

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Expression of interstitial collagenase, 92-kDa gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum.

Granuloma annular (GA) and necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD) are disorders characterized by granulomatous inflammation and degenerative changes in collagen and elastic fibers. Because these disorders have often been described as being associated with altered extracellular matrix deposition, we studied the in situ expression of interstitial collagenase, 92-kDa gelatinase, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1. Twelve lesions each of GA and NLD of different histopathologic types and durations were examined. Interstitial collagenase mRNA was seen in histiocyte-like cells in one-third of the cases of both diseases, typically in younger lesions. In GA, collagenase mRNA was only detected in lesions of the palisading type. Signal for 92-kDa gelatinase mRNA was observed in eosinophils, which were present in low numbers in five of 12 GA and three of 12 NLD samples. The signal for this enzyme and the presence of eosinophils did not correlate with the age of lesion. TIMP-1 mRNA was consistently expressed by histiocyte-like cells in both disorders. In GA, TIMP-1 mRNA was detected at the outer edge of the palisading granulomas, but in NLD, inhibitor expression was seen in the perivascular and periadnexal accumulation of inflammatory cells. Our data indicate that collagenase and TIMP are expressed early in these disorders and that these proteins may contribute to stromal remodeling associated with necrobiotic lesions. Our results further indicate that the localization of TIMP-1 production may provide a distinction between the two disorders, whereas metalloproteinase expression is not sufficiently specific to aid in the differential diagnosis of GA and NLD.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

[Transformation in the lymphatic system of the heart and myocardium in congestion with lymph].

Changes in the heart in regional songestion of the lymph were studied both on sectional (26 observations) and experimental (20 dogs) material. It was shown that blocking of the lymphatic ways brought about dilatation and deformation of lymphatic capillaries and vessels, growth of capillaries, formation of lymphatic lacunas, varicosis of the wall of lymphatic vessels, and -- in complete obstruction of the lymph flow -- the appearance of lympho-venous shunts. In the myocardium stroma there were observed oedema, lympho-histiocytic and plasmocellular infiltrations, and in muscle cells -- dystrophic and necrobiotic changes. The degree of manifestation of the disorders depended upon the duration of congestion of the lymph; their outcome is replacing and stromogenous cardiosclerosis.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma without periorbital lesions.

Cutaneous necrobiotic xanthogranuloma is rare and closely resembles widespread necrobiosis lipoidica. It is important to recognize this skin disorder because of its strong association with paraproteinemia and, in some cases, with a hematologic malignancy. We describe two patients with necrobiotic xanthogranuloma who are unusual in that they had no periorbital involvement, a feature previously believed to be diagnostic of this condition.

Aged↗

PubMed1983

[Disorders of vaginal development in the progeny of white rats exposed to x-ray irradiation].

One hundred and twenty white rat embryos 13-22-day-old have been irradiated with x-rays (the dose 250 R) on the 12th-14th day of embryogenesis. The embryos have been divided into series of sagittal, frontal, transversal sections and stained by means of general histological methods. The irradiation performed on the days mentioned does not affect formation of the paramesonephric ducts. In all the experimental animals the caudal end of the paramesonephric duct is separated from the mesonephric duct as a solid cellular cord in which the lumen appears later. In the experimental females the disturbances developed after irradiation are manifested first of all in retardation of the main stages of the organ's formation; the retardation is observed: in fusion of the paramesonephric ducts, in resorption of the medial septum between the fused ducts, in separating the sinuous part of the vagina from the urogenital sinus, in recanalization of the vaginal epithelial cord. More severe lesions are presented as agenesia of the vaginal sinuous part and as its atresia represented by a transversal septum of the organ. The disorders in the vagina development are depended on massive primary necrobiotic radial lesions of the mesenchymal cells around the epithelial anlages of the small pelvis.

Animals↗

PubMed1984

Ophthalmic features of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma with paraproteinemia.

Necrobiotic xanthogranuloma of the skin is associated with paraproteinemia and, often, with plasma proliferative disorders, including multiple myeloma. Other commonly recognized systemic abnormalities include hepatosplenomegaly, a highly increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukopenia. Fifteen of 16 patients (seven men and nine women with a mean age of 54 years) with this condition had ophthalmic manifestations. Thirteen patients had lesions affecting the skin of the eyelids and periorbital tissue; on casual examination these lesions resembled plane xanthoma. Unlike plane xanthoma, however, the lesions of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma were almost always indurated. Further, the lesions frequently became inflamed, leading to superficial ulceration. Deeper lesions occasionally involved the orbit. Yellow lesions were sometimes visible in the episcleral tissues where they were associated with recurrent symptoms of scleritis and episcleritis. Biopsy specimens of the skin lesions disclosed a distinctive pattern of subepidermal granulomatous masses with focal aggregates of histiocytes and giant cells surrounded by hyaline necrobiosis. Surgical excision of the eyelid lesions was often followed by recurrence and increased activity of the lesions. Low-dose chemotherapy is likely to produce a favorable response, with regard to both the skin lesions and the paraprotein abnormalities.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Adult xanthogranulomatous disease of the orbit and ocular adnexa: new immunohistochemical findings and clinical review.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Adult xanthogranulomatous disease involving the ocular tissues is rare and poorly understood. Adult onset xanthogranuloma (AOX), adult onset asthma and periocular xanthogranuloma (AAPOX), necrobiotic xanthogranuloma (NBX), and Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) are the four syndromes within this disorder, which is diagnosed by characteristic histopathology. Experience with eight cases prompted a multi-institutional effort to study the histopathology, immunohistochemistry, clinical findings, and systemic associations in this disorder. METHODS: 22 cases, including histopathological slides, were compiled. Published reports were identified by an English language Medline search (1966-2005) and review of reference citations. Each case in this series and the literature was classified as one of four syndromes and then analysed for age onset, sex, skin xanthoma, orbital location, immune dysfunction, internal organ and bone lesions, treatment, and outcome. The histopathology in each of these cases was reviewed by two pathologists. Immunhistochemical stains (CD3, CD4, CD8, L26) were performed in 14 cases where unstained slides were available. RESULTS: 137 cases were compiled. There was no sex or age difference between syndromes. AOX, AAPOX, NBX affect the anterior orbit, ECD tends to be diffuse and intraconal. Skin lesions are found in all the syndromes. Immune dysfunction was noted in all cases of AAPOX and NBX; 11% of NBX and all ECD patients had internal organ disease. Treatment included surgery, corticosteroids, other chemotherapeutic agents, radiotherapy, and combinations of these. No AOX or AAPOX deaths occurred; 66% of ECD patients died. All 22 cases had xanthoma cells; most had Touton giant cells. Lymphocytes were present in all cases and occurred as aggregates (mostly in AAPOX) or diffuse populations mixed with fibroblasts (mostly in ECD). Immunohistochemistry revealed the majority of these to be CD8+. Necrosis was most marked in NBX. CONCLUSION: Adult xanthogranuloma of the orbit is rare, making prospective evaluation or meta-analysis impossible. The best treatment is unknown but seems to be with multiagent chemotherapy guided by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and systemic findings.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[Ichthyosis and alopecia after maprotiline: corneolysis caused by temporary disorder of keratinization].

A 37-year-old woman developed ichthyosiform desquamation of the skin and a severe diffuse alopoecia 3 weeks after taking the antidepressant maprotilin. No signs of inflammation were present. Histology revealed acanthosis with preserved stratum granulosum, follicular hyperkeratosis and dystrophic changes of the hair follicle. Electron microscopy revealed rarefication of tonofilaments and necrobiotic changes of epidermal keratinocytes with vacuolar degeneration of the cytoplasm and disorganization of the organelles. Pathogenetically this disease represents a drug-induced transitory disorder to keratinization, which had resulted in desquamation of the stratum corneum and alopecia. The authors propose the designation corneolysis for this pathogenetic principle.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1988

Rheumatoid nodule and subcutaneous granuloma annulare. A comparative histologic study.

We performed histologic and selected histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on rheumatoid nodules (RN) from 12 patients and lesions of subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SGA) from nine patients. The mean age for patients with RN was 56 years, while that for SGA patients was 19 years. In contrast to those with RN, none of the patients with SGA had arthritis. RN tended to show homogeneous, eosinophilic necrobiosis, giant cells within palisaded foci, and significant stromal fibrosis; while lesions of SGA showed pale, edematous necrobiosis, an absence of giant cells, and lesser degrees of fibrosis. The single most helpful histochemical method was alcian blue, which stained necrobiotic foci in all cases of SGA but in only one case of RN. Epithelioid cells in both disorders stained positively for muramidase. IgM was found in vessel walls in two cases of RN. While the mechanisms of these disorders are not entirely clear, it appears that RN can usually be reliably distinguished from SGA on histologic grounds alone.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A case of septic necrobiosis in leiomyoma of the uterus in the postpartum period. Clinical, echographic and x-ray computed tomography study].

The authors report a case of septic necrobiosis of leiomyoma uteri the first signs of which were seen at the eighth day after childbirth. After several episodes of discharge of Proteus into the blood, separated by a period of apparent resolution, the disorder was only resolved by hysterectomy carried out upon the request of intensive care staff, despite the desire of the patient for subsequent pregnancies. Bacteriological examination of the necrobiotic myoma showed the presence of Proteus morgani, the antibiotic resistance characteristics of which were the same as those of the Proteus seen in the blood.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Considerations on early surgery in the treatment of extensive burns.

The results obtained with early surgical treatment of burns have been re-examined from various aspects. Early escharectomy, which tranforms the necrobiotic tissue into a surgical lesion, reduces the chemical factors of inflammation, lowers the lactic acid level and depresses the activity and disordered proliferation of the fibroblasts and the consequent laying down of immature collagen which is responsible for the pathological evolution of the burn scar. The removal of toxic material with proteasic activity, the reduction in the risk of sepsis, the saving of work for the immunopoietic mechanism, a reduction in the weight loss through improved nitrogen balance and an increase in the anabolic phase of muscular metabolism by early movement as well as a shortening of the period of hospitalization--all are factors in favour of the early surgical technique. Better healing is obtained by the elimination of the necrotic tissue, a reduction in the haematologic tissue inflammation mediators, an increase in the antibacterial defence following the reconstruction of the skin surface with covering materials and the rapid articular reduction; not to mention the inhibition of the formation of granulation tissue.

Burns↗

PubMed1993

[A stereological analysis of the myocardium in rats adapting to the conditions at high latitudes].

Qualitative and quantitative morphologic analysis of myocardium of Wistar rats were carried out when they have been transferred to high latitudes (being in latitude 69 degrees north during 37 days). It was shown, that already in a day after transferring to high latitudes pronounced disorders of lymph and blood circulations developed and heterogeneity of cardiomyocyte lesions was noted. By the end of the experiment atrophic and necrobiotic cardiomyocytes resorbed by macrophages were registered. In the group of animals, whose were transported in middle latitudes morphologic changes in myocardium gradually increased by the end of the experiment. Stereologic analysis revealed stereotype dynamics of tissue reorganization of myocardium in both animal groups. A key event in tissue reorganization of myocardium was the significant decrease of volume and surface densities of capillaries at 12th day of experiment and as consequence of these changes the volume and surface-to-volume ratios of capillaries to cardiomyocytes were decreased. The decrease of these parameters was more pronounced in animals whose were transported to high latitudes.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1978

Differences in the susceptibility of mouse lines to the rickettsial pox agent.

A definite correlation between the susceptibility of spleen macrophage cultures derived from a highly susceptible mouse line (C57Bl/6) and a line with low susceptibility (DBA/2) and the susceptibility of these mouse lines to infection with Rickettsia acari was established. Intensive replication of the rickettsiae in cultures from highly susceptible animals caused marked disorders in cell metabolism and eventually death of the culture. Cell cultures derived from resistant mice gradually eliminated the rickettsiae by intracellular digestion; necrobiotic changes in them were insignificant.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Light and electron microscopic aspects of pemphigus herpetiformis (eosinophilic spongiosis) in comparison with other acantholytic disorders.

Histopathological and electron microscopic analyses of pemphigus herpetiformis in a 64-year old woman with a previously operated atoxic goitre and suffering from a nephrotic syndrome and a chronic non-aggressive hepatitis revealed acantholysis preceded by eosinophilic spongiosis. Light microscopically the acantholysis is characterized by the occurrence of necrobiotic epidermal cells. No dyskeratotic cells are found. The mechanism of acantholysis depends on an exuberant elongation of desmosomes, leading to their disruption, spongiotic acantholysis. A conspicuous convolution of specific tight intercellular spaces is observed. Intracytoplasmatic occurrence of such tight intercellular spaces is seen in sections. Pseudomyeloid bodies of various types seem to be of significance. Particles closely similar to pox viruses are observed. The acantholytic process is compared with other acantholytic disorders in which the above-mentioned findings were not observed.

Acantholysis↗

PubMed2005

Tumefactive necrobiotic granulomas (nodulosis) of the pancreas in an adult with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid nodules are well-documented clinical and pathologic lesions in patients with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The current report documents the occurrence of rheumatoid nodulosis of the pancreas in an adult woman with a 7-year history of seropositive RA who presented with upper abdominal pain and was found to have multiple masses in the body and tail of the pancreas by imaging studies. An elevated serum pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and the development of new lesions in the pancreas prompted a subsequent distal pancreatectomy. The lesions in the pancreas proved to be necrobiotic palisading and hyalinizing granulomas upon pathologic examination. Also, of interest, elevation of serum PP has been observed in patients with RA and other systemic noninfectious and infectious inflammatory disorders in the absence of a pancreatic or intestinal neuroendocrine neoplasm.

Female↗

PubMed1983

[Morphofunctional characteristics of changes in the exocrine portion of the pancreas in alimentary obesity].

Changes in the morpho-functional state and intracellular regeneration of the exocrinous part of the pancreatic gland in alimentary obesity were studied experimentally in rats. Systematic alimentary overloading of the pancreatic gland was found to lead to working hypertrophy of its "reserve" parts predominantly which are represented in females by tail parts of the gland and in males by the head. It is suggested that the lower regeneratory potential of the acinary cells and their greater predisposition to degenerative, necrobiotic, and necrotic changes with the progress of obesity in males may be due to greater intensity of organ vascular pathology in them and greater sensitivity of acinary cells to metabolic disorders.

Animals↗