PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Nervous System Neoplasms”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Further epidemiological studies of primary neoplasms of the nervous system in western Poland].

In West Poland with population on the day of the evaluation of 3,097 thousand the incidence of primary neoplasms of the nervous system was calculated in 5 large administration units (provinces) and in 224 smaller units (communities). The testing of the hypothesis of the equal distribution in the communities demonstrated differences, and in 10 of them this incidence was significantly higher above the mean. The main conclusion of the study is that nervous system neoplasms, 90% of which were located intracranially in our material may occur in foci or clusters of clinical as well as statistical significance.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

[Cytologic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of primary or metastatic neoplasms of the nervous system].

The authors report 6 cases of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations in which malignant cells were found. In 5 cases the finding was incidental: medulloblastoma (case 1); malignant melanoma (case 2); adenocarcinoma (case 3); meningitis carcinomatosa (case 4) and neuroleukaemia (case 5). In only one case neuroleukaemia was suspected before the study of the CSF (case 6). The unexpected occurrence of malignant cells in the CSF demands the pathologist to be well acquainted with tumor cell cytology, in order to identify them providing so useful information that can decidedly influence subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The cell collection technic developed in the authors' laboratory was considered adequate, because both inflammatory and malignant cells were securely identified. Its principle is to obtain thin air-dried smears that dry almost instantaneously on slides, in order the cellular structure be preserved. After centrifuging about 5-8 ml of CSF the tube is inverted so as to pour off the whole of the supernatant fluid. It is kept inverted with the operator's left hand, so that no drop of fluid can run back on to the cells. With his right hand the operator touches the bottom of the inverted tube with a Pasteur micropipette preciously made by distending a microhematocrit tube under the flame of a Bunsen burner and attached with adhesive tape to the handle of a wire loop 2 mm in diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2005

Immunohistochemical distribution of tubulin beta II in human normal and neoplastic tissues.

Tubulin is the major constituent protein of microtubules. In mammals, there are seven beta-tubulins and six alpha-tubulins. Each beta-tubulin isotype has a unique tissue distribution. The purpose of this study was to describe the distribution of tubulin beta II in normal and neoplastic human tissues with immunohistochemical techniques. We obtained normal tissues from 33 cases (8 fetuses, 17 neonates, 3 children and 5 adults) and 121 samples of neoplastic tissue from surgical specimens or at autopsy. Immunohistochemical staining for tubulin beta II was performed using a monoclonal antibody, KNY379 developed in our laboratory. Tubulin beta II was detected in various normal tissues, particularly in fetal and neonatal tissues, such as the nervous system, pulmonary alveoli, bronchioles and bronchi, colon, pancreatic ducts and acini, renal convoluted tubuli, skin epidermis, body cavity mesothelial cells, smooth muscle and thymus. In the adult, broad expression was also observed; however, the immunoreactivity was weaker and the extent of its distribution decreased with age. In neoplastic tissues, tubulin beta II immunoreactivity was detected in various nervous system neoplasms and other neoplasms such as pancreatic solid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, nephroblastoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma. We conclude that our monoclonal antibody, KNY379, may be useful as a marker of nervous system neoplasm, pancreatic solid cystic carcinoma, pleomorphic adenoma, Warthin's tumor, nephroblastoma, basal cell carcinoma and malignant mesothelioma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Unidentified bright objects associated with features of neurofibromatosis 1.

Unidentified bright objects are commonly observed on magnetic resonance imaging in young neurofibromatosis 1 patients, but their clinical and pathologic significance is largely unknown. Diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis 1 include café-au-lait spots, intertriginous freckling, Lisch nodules, neurofibromas, bony lesions, and optic glioma. We investigated the relationship between unidentified bright objects and other features of neurofibromatosis 1. Data from the National Neurofibromatosis Foundation International Database included 523 neurofibromatosis 1 patients between 2 and 20 years of age who had cranial magnetic resonance imaging examinations. The presence or absence of unidentified bright objects, diagnostic features of neurofibromatosis 1, and central nervous system neoplasms was known in these patients. Logistic regressive models were used to measure associations between unidentified bright objects and the other features while controlling for age. The occurrence of unidentified bright objects was associated with the number of diagnostic features, but most significantly with central nervous system neoplasms other than optic gliomas [odds ratio (OR) = 9.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2-70], optic gliomas (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.2-3.6), subcutaneous neurofibromas (OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.3-3.1), and Lisch nodules (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1-2.3). These findings suggest a common causal mechanism between unidentified bright objects and these cardinal clinical features in children with neurofibromatosis 1.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A transgenic mouse model for trilateral retinoblastoma.

We present a murine model of trilateral retinoblastoma. Ocular retinoblastoma and central nervous system tumors are observed in a line of mice formed by the transgenic expression of SV40 T-antigen. An oncogenic protein known to bind to the retinoblastoma gene product (p105-Rb) is specifically expressed within retinal cells in this model. All animals that carry this genetic alteration develop multifocal retinal tumors. Midbrain tumors are observed in 15% of ocular tumor-bearing animals, and these arise ventral to the cerebral aqueduct at the level of the pineal gland. Both ocular and central nervous system neoplasms are heritable in heterozygous offspring through 10 sequential generations of breeding. Retinal tumors display the gross appearance, invasive properties, light and electron microscopic features, and immunohistochemical staining characteristics of human retinoblastoma. The light and electron microscopic characteristics as well as immunocytochemical features of undifferentiated midline central nervous system neoplasms further correlate with human trilateral retinoblastoma. We postulate an alternative mechanism of retinoblastoma tumorigenesis that involves functional inactivation of retinoblastoma protein locally in the face of an intact retinoblastoma gene locus.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs.

Extracranial metastasis of primary central nervous system neoplasms is uncommon and has not been described in the dog. We report the clincopathologic features of intracranial meningioma with pulmonary metastasis in three dogs (case No. 1: 13-year-old castrated male Boxer dog; case No. 2: 14-year-old spayed female Dachshund; case No. 3: 6-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog). Case No. 1 presented with ataxia, lethargy, vomiting, and leaning and falling to the right, and had a transient remission following radiation and corticosteroid therapy; case No. 2 had a history of seizures that were unresponsive to primidone, left-sided postural reaction deficits, ataxia, and circling to the right; case No. 3 had only intermittent episodes of vomiting Computed tomography of case Nos. 1 and 2 revealed peripherally located homogeneous contrast-enhancing intracranial masses. Postmortem examination revealed intracranial masses with single or multiple pulmonary nodules in all three cases. Histologically, the intracranial and pulmonary masses were meningotheliomatous meningiomas with atypical features including brain infiltration, necrosis, nuclear atypia, prominent nucleoli, and moderate cell density. All of the primary meningiomas had low mitotic rates. The current interest in early diagnosis and aggressive clinical/surgical management of canine patients with meningioma and other primary central nervous system neoplasms will likely result in an increased detection of extracranial metastases.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

T-cell receptor V-gene usage in neoplasms of the central nervous system. A comparative analysis in cultured tumor infiltrating and peripheral blood T cells.

The use of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms has met with serious obstacles due to difficulty of culture and poor characterization. Since in other tumors the therapeutic effects of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes have been shown to rely on T-cell receptor engagement, the authors addressed the question as to whether expression of T-cell receptor variable (V) domains in cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from CNS is different from that of autologous cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Infiltrating lymphocytes from CNS neoplasms, including primary malignancies, metastatic cancers, and meningiomas, were cultured in the presence of interleukin-2 and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb's) in order to obtain optimum growth of T cells. Autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same patients were similarly cultured. After 4 to 5 weeks of culture, 97.3% +/- 2.6% (mean +/- standard deviation) of the resulting cell populations were CD3-positive lymphocytes. The expression of T-cell receptor V domains was then studied by using a panel of 12 MoAb recognizing gene products from T-cell receptor V-alpha 2, V-beta 5, 6, 8, and 12, V-gamma 4 and 9 families, and from two subfamilies of V-delta 2. Remarkably, in over 70% of all paired measurements, percentages of T cells expressing discrete T-cell receptor V-gene products were found to be virtually identical in tumor- and peripheral blood-derived cultured cell populations, with differences never exceeding 1%. In contrast, a different expression of individual V-gene products, concerning both alpha/beta and gamma/delta T-cell receptors, could be detected between cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and autologous peripheral blood-derived T lymphocytes in seven of 12 patients. In two cases, significant differences between the two populations were also observed in the proliferative responses obtained upon stimulation with staphylococcal enterotoxins that trigger defined V-beta T-cell receptors. Altogether, these data suggest that the T-cell receptor repertoire of cultured tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from CNS tumors, suitable for use in adoptive immunotherapies, differs from that of autologous cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Some descriptive epidemiologic features of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in childhood, in Manitoba, Canada.

In an attempt to describe epidemiologic features to generate etiological hypotheses and to study natural history, 121 cases of childhood CNS neoplasms under 15 years of age, occurring during 1950-66 in Manitoba, were analyzed. The incidence of CNS neoplasms in childhood (2.4/100 000 per annum) ranks second only to leukemia in Manitoba. For both sexes somewhat elevated incidences were noted for both extreme age groups; i.e. 0-4 and 10-14. Such peaks were more prominent for gliomas, which may indicate differential factors operation in the genesis of gliomas between early and late childhood. The former may be related to genetic and/or perinatal environmental factors and the latter, to environmental factors, in early childhood. Excess occurrences of gliomas among Irish, Scottish and Icelandic offsprings were observed, which possibly indicates the importance of either genetic or environmental factors peculiar to these ethnic groups. There was no evidence of time clustering (i.e. season and year) by estimated conception or by birth. Further investigation into the relative role of genetic and environmental factor in the genesis of childhood gliomas are in order.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Antisense oligonucleotides for central nervous system tumors.

The poor prognosis associated with malignant primary brain tumors has led investigators to seek and develop new, innovative treatment modalities. Current adjuvant therapies lack tumor specificity, which can lead to toxic central nervous system side effects. Advances in molecular biology now allow specific gene sequences to be inserted or targeted in the malignant cell genome. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides represent complementary nucleic acid sequences that can recognize and bind to target genes, resulting in the arrest of deoxyribonucleic acid transcription or the translation of messenger ribonucleic acid. Although the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides is still in the experimental stages, these molecules enter cells in tissue culture by simple diffusion or active endocytosis and temporarily inhibit cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent fashion. The ability of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to recognize specific gene sequences and to down-regulate gene expression make them ideal agents for use in targeting oncogenes, such as c-myb, that are expressed in central nervous system neoplasms.

Central Nervous System Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Improving the delivery of therapeutic agents to CNS neoplasms: a clinical review.

Even though nearly thirty-years of clinical research has attempted to improve the outcomes for patients with central nervous system neoplasms, the survival remains limited for a majority of these patients. Diverse intracellular signaling pathways involving apoptosis, invasion, angiogenesis and relevant mechanisms of resistance associated with CNS neoplasms are continuing to be elucidated. Phase I and II studies of systemically delivered chemotherapeutic agents and biological agents targeting these pathways have largely resulted in modest outcomes. Although the functional blood brain barrier was identified nearly eighty years ago only recently has the complexity and relevance of the blood brain-tumor barrier (BTB) been recognized as an important factor that limits the effective treatment of CNS neoplasms. Several groups have focused their efforts at improving the delivery of therapeutic agents across the blood brain-tumor barrier. The purpose of the article is to review novel methods that have attempted to improve the delivery of therapeutic agents into the CNS for the treatment of CNS neoplasm.

Animals↗