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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The new paradigm: concepts and application in community health nursing.

The central role of community health nursing in future health care delivery systems is undisputed. The abilities and characteristics of nurses who will practice in those systems depends to a large extent on their learning experiences in basic nursing programs. Educators are being asked to prepare skilled, compassionate scholar-clinicians to provide care for the complex needs of clients, despite already packed curricula. The curricular changes cannot be additive; learning must be designed to empower students to become nurses who are both skilled and compassionate. Certain faculty attitudes and behaviors are essential to this new educational paradigm and student activities and assignments must foster confident effective practice.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Community resiliency: the potential for community health nursing theory development.

There is insufficient theory development within community health nursing that addresses the community as a collective and not simply as groupings of aggregates. Conceptual clarification of nursing's domains is needed, however, before theory development can take place. In an attempt to rectify this situation, this article discusses the environment domain. Community resiliency, or the ability of a community to deal with adversity and in so doing reach a higher level of functioning, is presented as a useful framework to gain greater understanding of this particular domain. Findings from research that have resulted in a community resiliency model for describing the environment domain, within which rural-based community health nurses (CHNs) work, are presented. The relevance for community health nursing theory is included with recommendations for future research and subsequent theory development.

Canada↗
PubMed1991

Community health nursing and the AIDS pandemic: case report of one community's response.

The World Health Organization (WHO) currently projects that there may be a cumulative total of 30 million cases of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) worldwide by the year 2000 ("WHO Predicts," 1991). Community health nurses (CHNs), particularly those employed by local and state health departments, have a major role to play in the worldwide public health effort being mounted in response to the AIDS pandemic. CHN roles may include: direct caregiver, advocate, case manager, health educator, program planner, program coordinator, and policy advocate. How CHNs contribute to the effort against AIDS in various CHN roles is illustrated through a case report of a Midwestern U.S. suburban community's response to AIDS. The community's response was fostered and an AIDS program developed and implemented by CHNs employed by the community's health department. In addition to enabling this community to respond to AIDS in a humane and caring manner, the CHN initiatives have resulted in positive community feelings about the health department, and enhanced the image of CHNs as innovators and facilitators of change.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Community health nursing clinicals: an examination of the present and ideas for the future.

As part of a curriculum revision for a baccalaureate school of nursing, a nationwide survey examined how schools of nursing structure community health nursing (CHN) clinical experiences. Results indicate that a wide variety of settings and agencies (public health departments, schools, clinics, home health, and many more) are being used. Use of preceptors, use of multiple and single agencies, observational visits, time scheduled, projects, and faculty philosophy of CHN were examined. Although many settings, courses, and projects are traditional, this study reveals that some nursing schools are responding to changes in health care and population needs and are structuring CHN clinicals accordingly. Ideas for clinical courses for the future are offered.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1999

Outcomes for community health nursing practice.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop an easy, practical list of outcomes amenable to community health nursing interventions. This study sought to answer the following question: What outcomes are sensitive to nursing interventions in the community health setting? SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Nursing literature discusses many client outcomes. However, available outcome lists are not always sensitive to nursing interventions by community health nurses. Nurses need a precise list to measure client outcomes resulting from contact between nurses and clients in a variety of community health settings. METHODS AND SUBJECTS: The study used a modified Delphi technique to ensure adequate response from the subjects. Initially, focus groups generated items for the Delphi questionnaires. Using items from the focus groups, the researchers developed three rounds of questionnaires. In each round, nurses stated a level of agreement with each item as an outcome for community health nurses. Twenty-two community health nurses in one Southeastern state participated in four focus groups. One hundred fifty-two community health nurses returned round 1 questionnaires, 68 nurses returned round 2 questionnaires, and 48 nurses returned round 3 questionnaires. RESULTS: The researchers grouped the outcomes into four domains: client's psychosocial components of care, client's physiologic components of care, nursing intervention/implementation components of care, and environmental/community safety components of care. CONCLUSIONS: The findings produced an easy, practical list of 48 nursing outcomes for use in decision making and research by community health nurses in all settings.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The clinical specialist in community health nursing: a solution for the 21st century.

The clinical specialist (CS) in community health nursing (CHN) addresses health problems in populations and communities in ways that are different from and complimentary to strategies used by practitioners of individualized patient care. Four programs based on comprehensive assessments, systematic program planning, deliberate implementation, and both formative and summative evaluation are presented. The programs were developed by graduate students in the CHN clinical specialization major at the Frances Payne Bolton School of Nursing. With expert faculty guidance and a competency-driven program of study, strategies were implemented to promote the health of community-dwelling well elderly people, home health care nurses who provide service to patients with respiratory problems, and high school students in a private religious school. Experienced parish nurses also benefited from a program designed to enhance their skills in theological reflection. This article also describes the curricular design developed to educate this clinician for the 21st century. Lastly, continued attention to the dynamic criteria of the American Nurses Association Standards of Community Health Nursing Practice is recommended as crucial to the further development of this clinical specialization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Developing community health nursing skills collaboration in a culturally diverse population.

The graduate curriculum in Community Health Nursing at the University of South Alabama was revised to prepare nurses to function as a community health specialist. The revised curriculum model includes two semesters that focus on a specific population or high risk group of patients or clients. Emphasis is placed on the skills that community health nurses must have in order to assess communities, identify community needs, plan and implement interventions at the population aggregate or community level. During the first semester, or the practicum course, a community needs assessment is performed. In the internship course, the planned intervention is implemented and evaluated. The purpose of the paper is to describe the process of identifying and accessing a Cambodian population aggregate in a rural setting. The collaboration among faculty, student, preceptor, official agency, as well as lay leaders in the Cambodian community is described.

Alabama↗
PubMed1992

Stressors in the workplace: community health nurses.

A survey questionnaire based on seven categories of stressors was completed by 67 community health nurses from three community health nursing agencies. Responses identified major sources of stress as factors associated with quantitative work overload, uncooperative family members and clients, unfamiliarity with situations, inability to reach physicians, and personal situations. These findings were corroborated by the nurses' responses to open-ended questions. The intensity of stressors was significantly different by age group in that older nurses experienced less stress. The findings of this study have implications for management of patients, organization of workloads, and policy decisions in community health nursing practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Incorporating a built environment module into an accelerated second-degree community health nursing course.

Environmental quality is a leading indicator of population health. Environmental health content has been integrated into the curriculum of an Accelerated Bachelor of Science in Nursing program for second-degree students through development of an environmental health nursing module for the final-semester community health nursing course. The module was developed through collaboration between two professional schools at Duke University (the School of Nursing and the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences). It focused on the role of the built environment in community health and featured a mix of teaching strategies, including five components: (1) classroom lecture with associated readings, (2) two rounds of online small-group student discussions, (3) assessment of the built environment in local neighborhoods by student teams, (4) team presentation of the neighborhood assessments, and (5) individual student papers synthesizing the conclusions from all team presentations. The goal of the module was to provide nursing students with an organizing framework for integrating environmental health into clinical practice and an innovative tool for understanding community-level components of public health.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Starting from a blank page: discovering and creating community health nursing in post-Soviet Latvia.

Nurses discovering the practice and creating the tradition of community health nursing without mentors or forerunners have to learn from the practice itself and from each other. Data in the phenomenologic study of 17 Latvian community health nurses (CHNs) consisted of group and individual interviews and observation of practice with families. The focus of this article is the situated practice of nurses in the new role of primary care CHN, revealed through clinical stories that give voice to nurses in a particular historical and social context. The stories of the nurses in this article provide evidence of a growing ability to practice from a health promotion/prevention focus and engage with families and neighborhoods. The practice is still developing, and at this point nurses are not drawing on experience with families to identify and care for vulnerable populations.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1997

The role of the community health nurse in the provision of care to youth gangs.

Youth gangs are a major public health care concern in the United States. The nursing profession is just beginning to recognize the needs of this special population. In this article, I present a general background of gangs in the United States. They have been a significant problem in society since the early decades of the 19th century; however, increasing crimes and high health risks make it important to seek some solutions. I present an example of a community health nurse who, as part of a Gang Reduction Interagency Partnership team made a difference. The need for more research is emphasized so that we may understand this population as well as address their health care needs and those of their families.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

The effectiveness of community health nursing interventions: a literature review.

As the devastating impact of many public health problems becomes more evident nationwide, a need exists for effective programs aimed at community-oriented health promotion. Escalating health care costs, however, severely limit available health care resources, threatening the demise of many public health efforts. During this time of imminent reform in our national health care system, it is imperative for community health nurses to elicit support by demonstrating the efficacy of their interventions (Oda & Boyd, 1987). This article describes services provided by community health nurses and documents the effectiveness of these interventions based on available literature. The programs reviewed represent community health nursing strategies developed in response to the needs of high-risk families, geographic communities, and vulnerable population groups. Both descriptive analyses and outcome-evaluation studies are used to support the effectiveness of home-based and community-centered community health nursing interventions. Recommendations eliciting support for community health nursing practice from legislators, policy makers, practice agencies, professional organizations, educators, and research institutions are included.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Associate and baccalaureate degree final semester students' perceptions of self-efficacy concerning community health nursing competencies.

A quantitative study was undertaken to examine whether final semester associate degree nursing (ADN) and baccalaureate degree nursing (BSN) students who experienced community health nursing content perceived themselves as self-efficacious to work as community health nurses (CHNs) with individuals, families, and communities. Additionally, the study examined the variance of perceived self-efficacy (PSE) accounted for by antecedent variables, performance accomplishments (PA), vicarious experience (VE), verbal persuasion (VP), and emotional arousal (EA). Questionnaires were mailed to faculty liaisons from 34 randomly selected National League for Nursing (NLN)-accredited schools in the United States. Statistical analysis revealed that the ADN and BSN final semester students perceived themselves to be equally self-efficacious to work with individuals and families. Significant differences were found, however, between the ADN and BSN students on PSE to work with communities. PA and VE explained 15% of the PSE variance suggesting that actual and VE contributes positively to a students' PSE to work as a CHN.

Adult↗