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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

[Clinical study of complete dentures supported by two endosteal magnetic-attachment implants].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate treatment outcomes of mandibular complete denture supported by two endosteal magnetic-attachment implants in edentulous patients with severe mandibular alveolar ridge absorption. METHODS: Eight edentulous patients with severe mandibular alveolar ridge absorption were chosen. Each of them was treated with a complete denture supported by two CDIC implants. The implants were inserted at the areas of two the first premolars respectively. After five months, two magnets were adhered to the inside of the complete dentures. Retention, masticatory efficiency and maximal masticatory force were measured before and after the magnets were adhered and six months later. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed that retention, masticatory efficiency and maximal masticatory force were all increased after the magnets were adhered (P < 0.01) and six months later (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Retention, maximal masticatory force and masticatory efficiency were significantly increased after the endosteal magnetic attachment implants were applied. It is concluded that mandibular complete denture supported by two endosteal magnetic attachment implants is an effective method for severe alveolar ridge absorption cases.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2001

Attachment styles in older European American and African American adults.

OBJECTIVES: Differential attachment styles have been linked to differential emotion regulation and ability to cope with stress in samples of young adults. There are few data on attachment styles in older adults despite the fact that attachment relationships are said to play a significant role in psychological well-being throughout the life span. The goal of the study was to examine attachment patterns in older adults. METHODS: Participants were 800 community-dwelling older European Americans and African Americans (M = 74 years) living in a large urban community. Attachment measures included the family and friend intimacy subscales from the Network Analysis Profile and the Relationship Scales Questionnaire. RESULTS: In contrast to findings with younger individuals, where the majority of respondents have been found to be secure (i.e., comfortable with closeness and dependency), the majority of the present sample were found to be dismissing/avoidant (i.e., uncomfortable with closeness, compulsively self-reliant). European Americans scored higher than African Americans on attachment security, whereas African Americans scored higher than European Americans on dismissing attachment. However, the assessment of relatedness based on the Network Analysis Profile, where respondents named their closest kin, indicated that African Americans had higher scores than European Americans, though their networks were smaller. DISCUSSION: Age and ethnicity differences appear to reflect cohort effects related to the impact of economic hardship on families earlier this century and racial prejudice. The high rates of dismissing attachment and low rates of secure attachment in this large urban population suggest that these individuals may be at risk for social isolation and poor health as they become older and more frail.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

The impact of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis on attachment parameters.

OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the impact of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (MSNE) on the child's perception of quality of attachment to a caregiver and the caregiver's perception of dissociative behavior. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 47 boys and 63 girls (mean age 11.7 years; range 9-18 years). Subjects were classified into two groups as follows: Group I (normal children without nocturnal enuresis); or Group II (children with MSNE). MSNE was defined as more than three wet episodes per week without day-time enuresis, urge incontinence, frequency or dysuria. The Adolescent Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) was administered to the children and the Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC) to the caregiver. Comparison groups were divided by gender, feeding method and type of caregiver. The AAQ and CDC scores in each subgroup were compared between the enuretic and non-enuretic groups. RESULTS: Mean scores for attachment pathology were significantly higher in the enuretic (n = 50) than the non-enuretic group (n = 60) (p < 0.05). The most significant attachment pathology was evident for the AAQ Angry Distress dimension in the nocturnally enuretic group. Caregivers' CDC scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. Highest mean dissociation scores were evident for those children whose caregiver was not a biologic parent or grandparent. CONCLUSIONS: MSNE may negatively impact the child's perception of the quality of attachment. Caregivers reported no significant dissociative behavior in nocturnally enuretic children. With prolonged nocturnal enuresis, physicians should be aware of the possibility of anger and distress within the child-caregiver relationship. In such cases, the modified treatment protocol should include psychologic counseling and support.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Psychiatry in general practice. A pilot scheme using the liaison-attachment model.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the quality and accessibility of psychiatric service in the primary care setting. DESIGN: Under the liaison-attachment model, a senior psychiatry trainee provided psychiatric consultations part-time in general practice over an 18-month period. Patients regarded by the participating doctors as having significant psychiatric problems were referred to the trainee for consultation. SETTING: Four group general practices, involving 18 doctors, took part in the scheme. PARTICIPANTS: During the study 172 patients with a wide spectrum of diagnoses were assessed. Near the end of the 18-month period the participating general practitioners provided their evaluations of the scheme. INTERVENTION: In almost all cases standard treatment was provided in the primary care setting and administered by either a general practitioner, the trainee or both working collaboratively together. OUTCOME MEASURES: The general practitioners evaluated the results of the consultations and the effect of the service on their referral patterns. They also rated the overall impact of the scheme on their own knowledge and skills, the quality of care, and its accessibility. RESULTS: The quality of outcome, if known, was regarded as satisfactory in 88% of cases. The reported frequency of referrals to psychiatrists in private practice dropped significantly. The participating doctors perceived improvements in their own abilities to deal with psychiatric problems and regarded the quality and accessibility of psychiatric care to be enhanced by the scheme. CONCLUSIONS: The psychiatric liaison-attachment model, developed in Britain, is applicable and effective in the Australian primary care setting.

Australia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Adolescents' attachment orientation influences ambulatory blood pressure responses to everyday social interactions.

OBJECTIVES: Adult attachment theory provides a useful framework for understanding how early developmental experiences affect social processes, associated physiological stress responses, and ultimately, health across the lifespan. The current study examined the effects of attachment orientation on physiological responses to naturalistic social interactions in adolescents. METHODS: Two-hundred five black (49%) and white high school students (14-16 years; 50% boys) completed a measure of anxious and avoidant attachment, and underwent 1.5 days of ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate (AmBP and AmHR) monitoring while they tracked social experiences. RESULTS: As predicted, individuals with higher avoidant attachment reported fewer interactions with friends (t [299] = -3.18, p < .01) and more anxious adolescents experienced less pleasant interactions both during (t [299] = -3.59, p < .01) and outside of school hours (t [298] = -3.59, p < .01). Individuals who were higher in anxious attachment showed augmented ambulatory diastolic and systolic blood pressure (AmDBP, AmSBP; both p < .05) in conjunction with current or recent interactions with friends. More avoidant adolescents exhibited augmented AmDBP responses to social conflict (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The current findings suggest that adolescent attachment orientation may shape later physical health through influences on the nature of, and physiological responses to, social interactions in everyday life.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Meta-analysis of the effect of scaling and root planing, surgical treatment and antibiotic therapies on periodontal probing depth and attachment loss.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reports a meta-analysis of studies that have investigated the effect of scaling and root planing on periodontal probing depth and attachment loss. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The criteria used for inclusion of studies were as follows: root planing and scaling alone was one of the primary treatment arms; patients or quadrants of each patient were randomly assigned to study groups; 80% of patients enrolled were included in first year follow-up examinations; periodontal probing depth and attachment loss were reported in mm; the sample size of each study and substudy was reported. Sample size was used to weight the relative contribution of each study since standard errors were not reported by many studies and sample size is highly correlated with standard error and therefore statistically able to explain a substantial portion of the standard error on studies that use similar measures. RESULTS: The meta-analysis results show that periodontal probing depth and gain of attachment level do not improve significantly following root planing and scaling for patients with shallow initial periodontal probing depths. However, there was about a 1-mm reduction for medium initial periodontal probing depths and a 2-mm reduction for deep initial periodontal probing depths. Similarly, there was about a 0.50-mm gain in attachment for medium initial periodontal probing depth measurements and slightly more than a l-mm gain in attachment for deep initial periodontal probing depth measurements. Surgical therapy for patients with deep initial probing depths showed better results than scaling and root planing in reducing probing depths. When patients were followed up over 3 years or more, these differences were reduced to less than 0.4 mm. Antibiotic therapy showed similar results to scaling and root planing. However, a consistent improvement in periodontal probing depth and gain of attachment is demonstrated when local antibiotic therapy is combined with root planing and scaling.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2003

Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces and their effect on osteoblast attachment.

The objective of this study was to investigate the adsorption of albumin and fibronectin on titanium (Ti) surfaces and the effect of preadsorbed albumin and fibronectin on osteoblast attachment in vitro. Bovine serum albumin and bovine fibronectin were used in this study. Maximum adsorption of bovine serum albumin and fibronectin on Ti surfaces was observed to occur after 180-min incubation. In the presence of preadsorbed proteins, osteoblast attachment on Ti surfaces was observed to be enhanced compared to control Ti surfaces. However, cell attachment was affected by the types of protein adsorbed. Preadsorbed albumin was observed to have no significant effect on the amount of osteoblast cells attached. In comparison to control Ti surface and Ti surfaces preadsorbed with albumin, Ti surfaces preadsorbed with fibronectin for 15 min was observed to significantly increase osteoblast cell attachment, whereas Ti surfaces preadsorbed with fibronectin for 180 min did not affect cell attachment. In addition, cell morphology of the attached cells on protein preadsorbed Ti surfaces was not affected by the type of protein used in this study. It was concluded from this study that the concentration of fibronectin adsorbed on Ti surfaces was higher compared to albumin. In addition, it was also concluded that the concentration of fibronectin on Ti surfaces plays a role in governing cell attachment.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Attachment-related psychodynamics.

Because there has been relatively little communication and cross-fertilization between the two major lines of research on adult attachment, one based on coded narrative assessments of defensive processes, the other on simple self-reports of 'attachment style' in close relationships, we here explain and review recent work based on a combination of self-report and other kinds of method, including behavioral observations and unconscious priming techniques. The review indicates that considerable progress has been made in testing central hypotheses derived from attachment theory and in exploring unconscious, psychodynamic processes related to affect-regulation and attachment-system activation. The combination of self-report assessment of attachment style and experimental manipulation of other theoretically pertinent variables allows researchers to test causal hypotheses. We present a model of normative and individual-difference processes related to attachment and identify areas in which further research is needed and likely to be successful. One long-range goal is to create a more complete theory of personality built on attachment theory and other object relations theories.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Developmental interventions in infancy during lengthy hospitalizations.

A review of concepts related to infant development, care, and stimulation is presented. A description is provided of the development of an infant with small bowel syndrome during her hospitalization from birth until age 19 months. Interventions which facilitated feeding, sitting, walking, fine motor and language development are described. In addition, interventions are reviewed which focus on enhancing the infant's attachment to her cartakers, object permanence, and object constancy, and helping the normal unfolding of the individuation process. Efforts to "normalize" the hospital environment for the infant are stressed. The implications of the infant's hospitalizations and her future psychological development are discussed.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1989

Mourning and grief as healing processes in psychotherapy.

The argument developed in this paper can be outlined as follows: relationships are vital for growth, for adults and especially for children; to ensure that we work to maintain relationships, evolution provided for pain on separation, which stimulates behaviours designed to restore the relationship. If the separation is permanent, it is necessary to form other relationships. This requires modifying the attachment to the lost object, a process which involves unlearning of emotional bonds and then learning new bonds to new objects. The process of mourning and the affective state of grief, I believe, assist in this unlearning and new learning. The stages of mourning involve cognitive learning of the reality of the loss; behaviours associated with mourning, such as searching, embody unlearning by extinction; finally, physiological concomitants of grief may influence unlearning by direct effects on neurotransmitters or neurohormones, such as cortisol, ACTH, or norepinephrine. Besides losses occasioned by bereavement, life and normal development include many other kinds of losses. Mourning for these losses is as necessary as mourning after a death. Failure to adequately mourn can result in psychopathology or psychosomatic illness. In comparison, appropriate mourning is adaptive, and parallels can be drawn between it and healing in psychotherapy. The psychoanalytic and psychotherapeutic literature supports the notion that mourning and grief in therapy act to heal. Given that there may be a biological basis for this healing through the effects of mourning on learning, psychotherapists might actively seek to encourage identification of losses and their adequate mourning in therapy. Various approaches are discussed. Two case reports of mourning occurring in psychotherapy are given, followed by suggestions for research.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1999

Bargains, treaties, and delusions.

Using a case example, I have explored a particular type of difficult patient. This individual has typically suffered poor attachment with his maternal object and through projective identification has developed highly conflicted object ties within the ego. These relations produce cycles of intense persecutory and depressive anxieties, forcing the subject to rely on excessive splitting and other primitive defenses. As part of these protective maneuvers, the ego begins to build internal bargains and treaties with the adversarial objects. These repetitious intrapsychic negotiations lead to delusional thought systems that bring on the very anxiety the ego tried to avoid, creating vicious feedback loops with more severe delusional systems and more rigid bargains to strike. For the price of survival, and the maintenance of an intact object, the ego builds and maintains certain relational configurations. These are attempted solutions for fantasies about destructive forces threatening the ego or the object. Self and object protection are the goals. If these intrapsychic bargains break down, fantasies about self and object destruction, loss, or annihilation enter the forefront. Infusing the concept of compromise formation with the ideas of object relations theory allows a better understanding of this highly defended anxiety state.

Acting Out↗
PubMed1981

Tensile and shear strengths of bonded and rebonded orthodontic attachments.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a low-viscosity sealing resin and temperature cycling on the tensile and shear strengths of bonded and rebonded attachments. Eighty extracted noncarious human maxillary central incisors were used. The tensile bond strengths of a chemically activated bonding paste to etched enamel, with and without a low-viscosity sealing resin and with and without 500 temperature cycles between 5 degrees C. and 55 degrees C., were determined. The tensile bond strengths on rebonding were determined on the same teeth in such a way that the rebonded specimens were subjected to the same two variables as the originally bonded teeth. The shear bond and rebond strengths were determined on the remaining forty teeth. The specimens were tested to failure in an Instron machine. The bond strengths were expressed in MN.m-2. Analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Temperature cycling adversely affected tensile bond and rebond strengths, while the sealing resin had no additional effect on tensile and shear bond and rebond strengths. Tensile versus shear and bond versus rebond strengths for similarly prepared specimens were not significantly different.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Maternal-fetal attachment in twin pregnancies.

OBJECTIVE: To describe maternal attachment to twin fetuses and determine whether such attachment differs between the twins. DESIGN: A descriptive, correlational, nonexperimental design was used to collect data on a convenience sample of high-risk and low-risk women pregnant with twins. SETTING: Questionnaires were distributed or mailed by presidents of parents of multiples clubs to interested participants. Participants mailed the questionnaires back to the researcher via stamped return envelope. PARTICIPANTS: During a 14-month period, 214 eligible women from 41 states and the District of Columbia completed the survey instruments. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Prenatal Attachment Inventory. RESULTS: Pregnant women reported greater attachment to Twin B than to Twin A. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women may be more attached to Twin B (typically the nonpresenting fetus) because this twin may be easier to see and touch. While the mean attachment scores between twins differed, the size of the difference was small. Further study is needed to determine the predictive value and clinical significance of this finding for future mother-infant relationships.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Students' perceptions towards a family medicine attachment experience.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the students' perceptions about their experience in a family medicine (FM) preceptorship in order to provide a sound basis for offering guidance to family medicine undergraduate education. METHODS: During one full academic year at King Saud University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, a self administered questionnaire was distributed to all students (n = 177) at the end of each 6 weeks family practice attachment course. Students were asked to rate their attachment by responding to a five-points Likert type scale questionnaire and other Yes/No questions reflecting different important points in teaching and training. RESULTS: The teaching quality and the ability of the General Practitioners (GPs) preceptors to relate to students are rated very highly. Despite that, the majority of students (59.3%) feel their aims were not met during the attachment. Students indicate that there should be more teaching of practical procedure skills, more time allocated for discussion and a greater student involvement in the consultation. CONCLUSION: There is much to be retained in FM preceptorships that involves the caring and communication aspects of learning patient care. The study showed that practical procedure skills are desirable features of a preceptorship programme and that an emphasis on doing vs. observing is preferred by students. Some conditions designed to improve preceptorships are outlined and basic practicalities of adding a preceptorship to a practice are considered.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2000

The influence of orthodontic adhesive properties on the quality of orthodontic attachment.

The objective of this study was to determine the resilience, glass transition temperature (Tg), ultimate flexural strength (UFS), and penetration coefficient of 3 composite adhesives (Concise, Transbond, and Right On) and a glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC). For 25 minutes after initial set, the composite materials were significantly more resilient than Fuji Ortho LC (P = .000). Resilience values for all materials increased for up to 90 minutes after initial set, reflecting a continuation of their setting reaction. Right On remained the most resilient material at 90 minutes after initial set (P < or = .01). At 120 minutes, there was no significant difference in the resilience of Concise, Right On, and Fuji Ortho LC. However, Transbond was significantly less resilient than these materials (P < or = .01). The composite materials recorded significantly higher glass transition values (89-123 degrees C) than Fuji Ortho LC (54 degrees C). The composite materials were also significantly stronger (61-68 MPa) than Fuji Ortho LC (35 MPa) in flexion. The penetration coefficients of Concise and Transbond were significantly higher (P < or = .001) than Right On and Fuji Ortho LC. However, the relative penetration coefficients of the materials studied did not appear to influence the degree of bracket base penetration achieved by the cements. In conclusion, Fuji Ortho LC offered a reduced energy-absorbing capacity immediately after bracket placement and reduced cohesive and mechanical adhesive strength. In addition, the glass transition temperature of Fuji Ortho LC was low; this may result in compromised attachment at temperatures above 60 degrees C. Significant differences in the penetration coefficient of the materials studied have been recorded. However, the penetration of the 4 cements into a range of bracket base morphologies was uniformly good. Therefore, the differences in penetration coefficient recorded should not influence the quality of the bracket cement interface provided.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1998

Working models of attachment and representations of the object in a clinical sample of sexually abused women.

This study examined internal working models of attachment as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI; George, Kaplan, & Main, 1984) and self-other differentiation as assessed by the Description of Significant Other (Marziali & Oleniuk, 1990) in a clinical sample of 40 women reporting a history of childhood sexual abuse. Although there was some relationship between the two measures, the association was not strong. The Cannot Classify category of the AAI, which is increasingly being assigned in clinical samples, needs refinement to increase the usefulness of the AAI for clinical purposes. Integration of concepts from objects relations theory may also enhance the value of the AAI in studies of clinical samples.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Periodontal repair in dogs: effect of rhBMP-2 concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and periodontal attachment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) concentration on regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum, and on associated root resorption and ankylosis. Contralateral, critical size, supra-alveolar, periodontal defects were surgically produced and immediately implanted with rhBMP-2 in an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) carrier in 8, young adult, male, beagle dogs. 6 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/mL; total construct volume/defect approximately 4.0 mL) in contralateral defects following an incomplete block design. 2 animals received rhBMP-2/ACS (rhBMP-2 at 0 and 0.10 mg/mL) in contralateral defects (controls). The animals were euthanised at 8 weeks post-surgery and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Supra-alveolar periodontal defects receiving rhBMP-2 at 0.05, 0.10, or 0.20 mg/ml exhibited extensive alveolar regeneration comprising 86%, 96%, and 88% of the defect height, respectively. Cementum regeneration encompassed 8%, 6%, and 8% of the defect height, respectively. Root resorption was observed for all rhBMP-2 concentrations. Ankylosis was observed in almost all teeth receiving rhBMP-2. Control defects without rhBMP-2 exhibited limited, if any, evidence of alveolar bone and cementum regeneration, root resorption, or ankylosis. Within the selected rhBMP-2 concentration and observation interval, there appear to be no meaningful differences in regeneration of alveolar bone and cementum. There also appear to be no significant differences in the incidence and extent of root resorption and ankylosis, though there may be a positive correlation with rhBMP-2 concentration.

Absorbable Implants↗