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PubMedDate not supplied

Orchitis in a cat associated with coronavirus infection.

A case of severe, pyogranulomatous and necrotizing orchitis in a cat, which later succumbed to systemic feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), is described. The 3.5-year-old cat, positive for feline immunodeficiency virus infection, presented with a left testicular enlargement. A few months after castration the animal was humanely destroyed due to declining health. Post-mortem examination revealed inflammatory lesions in abdominal organs and in the brain compatible with FIP. Infection was confirmed with a reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction test and by immunohistochemical demonstration of coronavirus antigen in the affected tissues, including the left testicle. FIP is usually a systemic disease. However, lesions and presenting clinical signs in a single organ system such as the brain are not uncommon. The results of this case study indicate that orchitis, although rare, should be on the list of lesions of FIP.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant tumor of testis imitating epididymo-orchitis.

From April 1994 to November 2004, a total of 65 patients with malignant testicular tumors underwent surgical interventions in our hospital. Clinical presentations and imaging findings led to quiet accurate preoperative diagnosis of malignant tumor, except for one case, a 29-year-old male, presenting with episodes of painful swelling in the right scrotum. All the findings including color duplex ultrasonography (US) and scintigraphy were considered as right epididymo-orchitis. Unfortunately, the patient presented with metastatic lymphadenopathy of the neck from mixed germ cell tumor of the testis 2 months later. Close follow-up for patients with suspected epididymo-orchitis is very important.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Candidal epididymo-orchitis: case report and review.

We describe a case of epididymo-orchitis with candiduria and histologically proven epididymal abscesses due to Candida albicans and review six previously reported cases. Candidal epididymo-orchitis occurs in patients with recognized risk factors for candidal infection, often after instrumentation of the urinary tract. Cases caused by both C. albicans and Candida glabatra have been described. Drainage or orchidectomy may be required for definitive diagnosis and treatment. Treatment with oral antifungals alone has been effective in two cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Haemophilus influenzae epididymo-orchitis and bacteremia in a man infected with the human immunodeficiency virus.

Haemophilus influenzae is a major bacterial pathogen in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), although most infections with this organism occur in the respiratory tract. We describe an adult with HIV infection who presented with epididymo-orchitis due to H. influenzae. Eleven prior cases of H. influenzae epididymo-orchitis have been published, but all of these cases occurred in pediatric patients. Little is known about the prevalence of genitourinary tract infections caused by H. influenzae among adults. H. influenzae is a relatively rare cause of bacteremia in adults, but the frequency of H. influenzae bacteremia has been increasing among the HIV-positive population.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed2005

Orchitis: a complication of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS).

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus has been known to damage multiple organs; however, little is known about its impact on the reproductive system. In the present study, we analyzed the pathological changes of testes from six patients who died of SARS. Results suggested that SARS caused orchitis. All SARS testes displayed widespread germ cell destruction, few or no spermatozoon in the seminiferous tubule, thickened basement membrane, and leukocyte infiltration. The numbers of CD3+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages increased significantly in the interstitial tissue compared with the control group (P < 0.05). SARS viral genomic sequences were not detected in the testes by in situ hybridization. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated abundant IgG precipitation in the seminiferous epithelium of SARS testes, indicating possible immune response as the cause for the damage. Our findings indicated that orchitis is a complication of SARS. It further suggests that the reproductive functions should be followed and evaluated in recovered male SARS patients.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMedDate not supplied

New experimental model for adoptive transfer of murine autoimmune orchitis.

Previous studies demonstrated that experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was produced in C3H/He mice with very high incidence by subcutaneous (s.c.) injections of viable syngeneic testicular germ cells (TC), without resorting to any adjuvants or immunopotentiators. Using this EAO model, a new and simple protocol was developed for adoptive transfer of EAO. Cell donors were C3H/He mice that received s.c. injections twice with TC alone. Spleen cells from the donors were stimulated in vitro with TC, propagated in interleukin-2 containing medium, then injected i.p. to naive recipient mice. This procedure induced severe orchitis and hypospermatogenesis with or without inflammation in epididymis and vas deferens in the recipients at high incidence. Elimination of all T cells or CD4+ T cells before the transfer produced no histopathological signs in the recipients whereas that of the CD8+ T cells or B cells had no inhibitory effect on the disease transfer, indicating that the effector cells are CD4+ T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis with scrotal fistulas.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis is an extremely rare inflammatory change of testis which is difficult to distinguish from testicular tumor. We report on a 21-year-old man who presented with left testicular swelling and pyogenic discharge from the scrotum. Testicular tumor markers were normal. Scrotal ultrasonography showed a testicular tumor in the left testis. Because of severe adhesion between the scrotum and intrascrotal structures, radical orchiectomy combined with hemiscrotectomy was performed to exclude possible malignancy. Histopathological findings showed xanthogranulomatous orchitis.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis in an adult Nigerian.

Xanthogranulomatous orchitis (XGO) is a rare benign disease of the testis which has not been previously documented in tropical Africa. We report a case of a 24-year-old Nigerian man who presented with a painless left hemiscrotal swelling. Our clinical diagnosis was left testicular cancer. Testicular tumor markers were normal. At surgical exploration, we found a left testicular tumor. Histopathological examination of the specimen showed XGO of the left testis. He had left radical orchiectomy and left inguinal node dissection. He has remained stable 8 months after the treatment. Xanthogranulomatous orchitis cannot be distinguished clinically from testicular cancer unless by histopathological examination. Orchiectomy is the treatment of choice. However, in all patients and particularly young patients and those with a single testis, histopathological confirmation is suggested to avoid unnecessary radical orchiectomy, useless irradiation and ill-timed chemotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Epididymo-orchitis and Brucellosis.

A series of 40 patients presented with epididymo-orchitis between January 1983 and August 1985. In 14 brucellosis was diagnosed. In 10 of these (72%) both testis and epididymis were involved and 1 had bilateral disease. All patients with brucella epididymo-orchitis were treated with streptomycin and tetracycline and complete resolution occurred in 8 (57%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Suppurative epididymo-orchitis in young "high risk" patients--a new problem?

During a 4-year period we have treated 3 young patients with severe epididymo-orchitis which progressed to suppuration (despite treatment with a range of antibiotics) and necessitated orchiectomy. All gave a history of "high risk" activity (2 homosexual, 1 sexual partner of intravenous drug user). One patient was suffering from acquired immune deficiency syndrome and another presented during seroconversion to HIV-positive status. Cytomegalovirus was the infective organism in one patient, but the pathogenesis in the others remains obscure. Investigations for atypical pathogens should be performed when young patients present with refractory epididymo-orchitis. These patients should also be counselled with regard to HIV testing.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Salmonella enteritidis orchitis in a 10-week-old boy.

Extraintestinal manifestations of salmonellosis in paediatric patients are found predominantly in infants less than three months of age. Genital involvement is a rare complication. We present a short review of the literature and describe the case of a 10-week-old boy suffering from severe diarrhoea, who presented with a swelling of the right testicle after six days of illness. He underwent surgery on suspicion of testicular torsion, whereby orchitis was diagnosed. Salmonella enteritidis was cultured from the intraoperative swab. All cultures from blood, CSF and urine remained sterile. We conclude that orchitis must be taken into consideration as an extraintestinal complication of enteric salmonellosis and as a differential diagnosis of testicular torsion. In addition, we wish to emphasize that any infant less than three months of age with suspected or proven salmonellosis, should receive early antibiotic treatment.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1987

Prevalence of chlamydial infection in acute epididymo-orchitis.

The prevalence of sexually transmitted infection was studied in 40 men presenting with acute epididymo-orchitis in Leeds. Chlamydia trachomatis infection was identified in 13 of 29 men (45%) aged under 35 years. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated from four of these 13 men with chlamydial urethritis. C trachomatis was isolated from the urethra of only one of 11 men (9%) aged over 35. Appreciable bacteriuria was found in six of these 11 men (55%). Noting details of sexual history and screening for sexually acquired pathogens is advocated in younger men with acute epidiymo-orchitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postprostatectomy orchitis: reduction in incidence using perioperative ceftriaxone and postoperative ciprofloxacin.

Postoperative orchitis increases the morbidity and overall hospital stay after prostatectomy. A retrospective review of our initial series of 174 cases revealed an incidence of 6% which is similar to other studies. We reviewed our bacterial flora and antibiogram and subsequently started a prospective study combining peri-operative ceftriaxone and postoperative ciprofloxacin, which we compared to our previous series where we used perioperative ceftriaxone followed by postoperative gentamicin and ampicillin. There was an abolition of orchitis as a consequence and a significant reduction in the rate of wound infection. We conclude that a combination of ceftriaxone and ciprofloxacin is efficacious in reducing the rate of infective complications following prostatectomy. We recommend the use of these or similar drugs based on local microbial flora.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Brucellar orchitis in Innerwest Anatolia Region of Turkey. A report of 12 cases.

Brucellosis, which affects the genitourinary system in rate of 2-20%, is a multiorgan infectious disease. Twelve patients were diagnosed as having brucellar orchitis serologically, clinically and ultrasonographically. In 2 patients, Brucella melitensis was isolated in blood cultures. All the patients were working in cattle dealing. They were treated with 600 mg/day rifampicin plus 200 mg/day doxycycline for 6 weeks and followed up during 1 year. They recovered clinically within 3 weeks. Although they did not have any symptoms or findings, in 4 patients, serological titers did not return to normal after 6 weeks. In 2 of these patients, relapse was seen in the 6th and 8th months, respectively. These 2 patients recovered with 1 g/day ciprofloxacin plus 2 g/day tetracycline for 6 weeks. Relapse did not occur again. Conclusively, brucellosis must be considered as a cause of orchitis in especially endemic regions where cattle dealing is widespread. The patients must be followed for relapse during at least 1 year.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Epididymo-orchitis and testicular abscess caused by Salmonella enteritidis in immunocompromised patients in Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: To report relatively uncommon presentations of epididymo-orchitis and testicular abscess caused by Salmonella spp. in 2 immunocompromised patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND INTERVENTION: A 56-year-old man, a known case of systemic lupus erythematosus on azathioprine and prednisolone therapy, developed urinary tract infection followed by bacteremia and epididymo-orchitis. Both urine and blood cultures yielded Salmonella enteritidis strains, which were demonstrated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing method to be genotypically identical. The second patient, a 55-year-old diabetic (type II), presented with a testicular abscess from which a pure culture of S. enteritidis was obtained. Both were treated with intravenous piperacillin and amikacin followed by oral ciprofloxacin, responded well to the therapeutic regimen and were discharged home well. Their follow-ups were uneventful. CONCLUSION: This report shows that it is important to consider Salmonella infection in the differential diagnosis of inflamed and tender testis in immunocompromised patients and to include blood, urine and stool cultures in all cases.

Abscess↗
PubMed1978

Experimental autoimmune orchitis in T-cell-deficient mice.

Experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was induced in inbred strains of mice by injection of mouse testis homogenate (MTH) in Freund's complete adjuvant with pertussis vaccine. Although all mice injected with MTH and adjuvants developed signs of EAO, there were marked strain variations in susceptibility to EAO suggesting that genetic factors may be involved in the response to antigen or to adjuvants. Studies in hypothymic BALB/c. nu/nu mice indicated that a source of T cell was required for induction of EAO. Thus BALB/c. nu/nu mice were not able to develop EAO, despite adequate orchitogenic challenge; reconstitution of nu/nu mice with syngeneic thymocytes completely restored the capacity of such mice to develop orchitis. Transfer of EAO was effected in nu/nu mice with lymphoid cells from appropriately immunized donors but not with immune serum. However, both T cells and antibodies may be necessary in the effector stages of the disease since the capacity of lymphoid cells to transfer EAO was only partially inhibited by anti-Thy-1.2 treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Orchitis following mumps vaccination in an adult.

An acute epididymo-orchitis, followed by a viral arthritis of the left hand, occurred as complications of a mumps vaccination. In the last 17 years 4 certain cases of orchitis following vaccination have been published in Germany. We describe an additional case and discuss the possible consequences.

Adult↗