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PubMed1979

Histopathological studies on experimentally induced pulmonary, pleural and peritoneal neoplasms in mice by intraperitoneal injection of chrysotile asbestos and N-methyl-N-nitrosourethane.

The cocarcinogenic effects of asbestos are presented. In lung carcinomas induced in mice, the number of carcinomas and the time of detection of the first carcinoma per tumor-bearing animals were greater and faster in the group with chrysotile plus MNU than either chrysotile or MNU alone. This suggested that chrysotile asbestos had a promoting or cocarcinogenic effect on some carcinogens in the respiratory tract. In the group treated with chryotile alone, a tumor was found in the right pleural cavity at 15 months. This tumor microscopically was similar to the biphasic form of the human diffuse mesothelioma. Microvilli, basement membrane, and junctional apparatus were seen by electron microscope, but other cytoplasmic organelles of the tumor cells were relatively scanty. Two peritoneal tumors developed in gastric and intestinal serosa at 11 and 12 months. Light and electron microscopic studies suggested that the tumors were probably myosarcomas or fibrosarcoms.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in malignant mesothelioma.

Malignant mesothelioma is the most common primary pleural neoplasm. Angiogenesis is an important component of a variety of pathological processes, including carcinogenesis and tumor metastases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the most potent known endothelial, cell specific mitogen. The authors assessed the relation between VEGF expression and clinicopathological variables or overall survival, in malignant mesothelioma. We studied 37 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and found that 36 out of 37 (97.3%) malignant mesothelioma samples were stained positively for VEGF. An increased expression of VEGF was observed in the epithelioid type compared with the other histological types of malignant mesothelioma, including the biphasic and sarcomatoid types. No statistically significant association was observed between VEGF expression and gender, age, or clinical stage. Furthermore, the expression of VEGF did not impact on the survival of patients with malignant mesothelioma. Although VEGF expression might be important for tumor development and maintenance, it was not identified as a prognostic factor in malignant mesothelioma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Mortality due to asbestos-related causes among railway carriage construction and repair workers.

The objective of this study was to further clarify the cancer risk associated with asbestos exposure in railway carriage construction and repair. The cohort included 734 subjects employed between 1 January 1945 and 31 December 1969. Vital status was ascertained at 31 December 1997. Mortality was investigated in the time span 1970-97. Forty-two subjects (6%) were lost to follow-up and eight causes of death (4%) could not be ascertained. The overall mortality was not above the expected value. Among neoplastic diseases, excesses were observed for lung ştandardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 124; 90% confidence interval (CI) = 87-172; 26 obs), pleura (SMR = 1,327; CI = 523-2,790; 5 obs), larynx (SMR = 240; CI = 95-505; 5 obs), liver (SMR = 241; CI = 126-420; 9 obs), pancreas (SMR = 224; CI = 98-443; 6 obs) and multiple myeloma (SMR = 429; CI = 117-1,109; 3 obs). The observed excess of lung and pleural neoplasms can be causally related to asbestos exposure in the manufacture of railway carriages. A causal role of asbestos exposure in the raised SMRs from laryngeal and pancreatic neoplasms and multiple myeloma cannot be conclusively proven.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Infrequent existence of simian virus 40 large T antigen DNA in malignant mesothelioma in Japan.

Malignant mesothelioma is the most common primary pleural neoplasm. Association of simian virus 40 (SV40) with malignant mesothelioma has been reported, suggesting that SV40 plays an important role in the origin of a subset of these tumors. However, significant geographic variation is present as to how often this association occurs. As no study concerning SV40 in malignant mesothelioma has been reported from Japan, we examined the frequency of SV40 infection in Japanese malignant mesothelioma cases. In pleural malignant mesothelioma tissue from 35 patients in Japan, we sought the presence of SV40 large T antigen DNA using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), as well as expression of the viral protein using immunohistological methods. Real-time PCR demonstrated that two of 35 mesotheliomas contained DNA sequences encoding portions of SV40 large T antigen. None of the 35 malignant mesothelioma specimens showed immunoreactivity for SV40 large T antigen. SV40 infection does not appear to have a major role in the development of malignant mesothelioma in Japan.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Thoracic metastases from carcinoma of the nasopharynx: high frequency of hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy.

OBJECTIVE: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a malignant tumor commonly encountered in Chinese patients living in or originating from Hong Kong or southern China. This article describes the previously unreported radiologic appearances of thoracic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The radiographic (33 patients) and CT (eight patients) appearances of thoracic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma were studied retrospectively. All 33 patients had biopsy-proved primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and seven patients had biopsy-proved thoracic metastases. Radiologic and clinical evidence of metastases was unequivocal in 26 others, 16 of whom had synchronous spread to cervical lymph nodes, bone, or liver. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (64%) had evidence of thoracic lymphadenopathy, most frequently hilar (n = 18, 55%), on chest radiographs or CT scans. Seventeen patients (52%) had evidence of multiple parenchymal pulmonary metastases. Enlargement of lymph nodes without multiple pulmonary deposits was seen in 12 patients (36%), seven of whom had radiologic signs of bronchial obstruction, hemoptysis, or a single pulmonary lesion simulating a synchronous bronchial neoplasm. Pleural effusions or deposits (n = 6), lymphangitis carcinomatosa (n = 5), and rib metastases (n = 4) also were seen. CONCLUSION: Metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma may be detected in a wide range of thoracic sites. This disease appears to be as likely to disseminate to the mediastinal or hilar lymph nodes as to the pulmonary parenchyma, and it can simulate a primary bronchial tumor or lymphoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Case-control study of mesothelioma in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: South Africa has, uniquely, mined, transported, and used crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile. A multicenter case-control study was done in South Africa to examine the details of asbestos exposure in cases and controls, and to calculate relative risks for level of certainty of asbestos exposure, nature of exposure (e.g., environmental, occupational) and fiber type. METHODS: Cases and controls (one cancer and one medical per case) were collected by six study centers from referral hospitals, and exposure information was collected by interviewing cases and controls in life. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three cases were accepted into the study. None had purely chrysotile exposure. Twenty-three cases had mined Cape crocidolite; three had mined amosite; and three Transvaal crocidolite plus amosite. A minimum of 22 of the cases had exclusively environmental exposure, 20 were from the NW Cape crocidolite mining area. The relative risks associated with environmental exposure in the NW Cape (crocidolite) were larger than for environmental exposure in the NE Transvaal (amosite and crocidolite): 21.9 vs. 7.1 and 50.9 vs. 12.0 for the cancer control and medical control datasets, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the importance of environmental exposure in the Cape crocidolite mining area, the relative paucity of cases linked to amosite, the rarity of chrysotile cases and are consistent with a fiber gradient in mesotheliomagenic potential for South African asbestos with crocidolite > amosite > chrysotile.

Asbestos↗
PubMed1997

Complementary value of five carcinoma markers for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma, adenocarcinoma metastasis, and reactive mesothelium in serous effusions.

Cytological slides of serous fluids of 41 malignant mesotheliomas, 88 metastatic adenocarcinomas, and 25 reactive effusions were immunostained with the antibodies anti-CEA, MOC-31, Leu-M1, Ber-EP4, and B72.3. Most mesotheliomas and all reactive fluids failed to stain with these antibodies. The sensitivity of the five markers to detect carcinoma cells differed remarkably. Especially MOC-31, Ber-EP4, and B72.3 stained with a high number of carcinoma cases and the complemetary value of Ber-EP4 and B72.3 to immunostain carcinoma cells was impressive: 94% of the metastatic adenocarcinoma cases reacted with Ber-EP4 or B72.3 in contrast to 1 of 41 malignant mesotheliomas.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1977

Tumor localization and treatment planning with ultrasound.

The successful management of cancer with high energy radiation requires precise knowledge of the tumor position relative to the body surface and normal organs. Diagnostic ultrasound assists in determining the size and location of tumors and vital normal structures in patients undergoing radiation therapy. Radiation fields can be established dynamically under direct ultrasound imaging, and anatomical information about the tumor, normal organs, and body contour utilized in dosimetry calculations. Diagnostic ultrasound is a safe, noninvasive technique of acquiring anatomical information that cannot be obtained by other routine diagnostic methods. Its application in clinical radiation therapy planning has the potential of improving cure rates and decreasing complication rates.

Adrenal Gland Neoplasms↗
PubMed1979

Immunodiagnosis of mesothelioma: use of antimesothelial cell serum in an indirect immunofluorescence assay.

Cells isolated from human serous effusions were cultured in vitro. Monolayers of large multipolar cells were established. Antisera to the cultured cells were prepared in rabbits and rats. The antisera were absorbed with human red cells, liver powder and MOLT-4F cell line lymphocytes. Specificity of the absorbed antisera for human mesothelial cells were demonstrated in an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The antisera were used to confirm the diagnosis of mesothelioma in two cases. In both the patients, the morphologically identifiable malignant cell populations in the effusions stained positively with the antimesothelial cell serum thus establishing their mesothelial origin. Normal nonmesothelial tissue and known nonmesothelial tumors failed to react with the antisera thus confirming the specificity of the antisera.

Antibodies, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1982

High-dose methotrexate with citrovorum factor and vincristine in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma.

The incidence of malignant mesothelioma has increased greatly in the last 40 years. Current and recent past exposure to asbestos is expected to substantially increase this incidence. We report nine cases of malignant mesothelioma which temporarily responded to treatment with high-dose methotrexate-citrovorum rescue and vincristine. Further clinical trials of high-dose methotrexate with citrovorum rescue appear indicated in this disease.

Adult↗