In situ expression of activation markers by Langerhans' cells containing GM-CSF.
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Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
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Effect of daily high doses of paracetamol given orally during spermatogenesis in the rat testes.
Daily treatment of male rats with high doses of Paracetamol (500 mg/kg) during spermatogenesis provokes a significant decrease of testes weight (p is less than 0.001), a significant increase of testicular cytosol glutathione transferase activity ( p is less than 0.02) and of lipid peroxides in the whole homogenate (p is less than 0.01) but not in the microsomes. These alterations could be related to a stimulation of testicular metabolism but cannot produce a biochemical lesion such as glutathione depletion since its testicular content is not modified in these experimental conditions.
Acetaminophen↗
Rigid spine syndrome: histological examinations of male and female cases.
Histological findings in the limb-muscle of two new cases of Rigid Spine Syndrome are described. The first male case exhibited a disproportion in fiber type with predominance of the type II fibers with a slight increase of large fibers. Some of the type I fibers were slightly atrophic. No other consistent abnormalities could be seen, excepted thickness of vessel basal lamina. The second female case had a relatively distinct muscular pattern. Necrotizing phenomenon were mild without fibrosis. Type I predominance were obvious. Atrophic and hypertrophic fibers could be seen in both types populations, with a relatively higher rate in type II. These two additional cases and those of the literature showed varied non specific histology, without any histo-chemical nor ultrastructural characteristic pattern.
Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
Use of roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in rhizosphere research: applications in studies of cadmium assimilation from sewage sludges.
The use of roots transformed by Agrobacterium rhizogenes in models for the rhizosphere is discussed. A list of species for which transformed root cultures have been obtained is provided and the example of studies of cadmium assimilation from sewage sludges is given to illustrate how transformed root cultures can be used in physiological tests under non-sterile conditions.
Biological Availability↗
Choroidal neovascularization in tilted disc syndrome.
In the paper the authors describe two cases of tilted disc syndrome associated with choroidal neovascularization. The presumed causes of development of this neovascularization and factors that can influence the location of neovascular membrane are discussed.
Adult↗
A traumatic cyst of the sclera.
The author describes a traumatic implantation cyst of the sclera which developed about two years after an injury with a knife, which caused a perforating scleral wound. The wound was sutured with the operating microscope. The possible mechanisms of the development of this cyst are discussed. Ophthalmologists should still bear in mind the possibility of the development of cysts of the sclera after injuries, which are rare complication nowadays.
Adult↗
Beta-adrenoceptor blockade potentiates exercise-induced release of atrial natriuretic peptide.
The effect of a non selective and a cardio-selective beta-blocker on basal and exercise-stimulated plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in healthy volunteers has been studied. Nine healthy volunteers received single oral doses of 5 mg tertatolol, 100 mg atenolol or placebo, at one week intervals, in a double blind cross over trial. At rest plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone and cyclic GMP concentrations and plasma renin activity were not modified by the treatments. During exercise plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations were significantly increased by each treatment, the increment being significantly greater on beta-blockers than on placebo. The rise in atrial natriuretic peptide was 72% after placebo (from 24 to 42 pg/ml), 184% after atenolol (from 30 to 86 pg/ml), and 183% after tertatolol (from 34 to 95 pg/ml), respectively. Thus, the study has shown that in healthy subjects the plasma natriuretic peptide concentration is increased by exercise and that the increase is considerably and equally potentiated by selective and non selective beta-adrenoceptor blockade. The effect may be mainly due to a reduction in ventricular contractility with an increase in atrial pressure. The beta-blockers did not influence the resting plasma atrial natriuretic peptide levels, which suggests that in healthy subjects basal atrial natriuretic peptide secretion is not controlled via beta-receptors.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Estrone- and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfatase activities in human female epidermis.
Estrone (E1)-sulfatase and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-sulfatase activities were studied in human female epidermis. Skin specimens were obtained by abdominal or plantar biopsies. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constants for E1 and DHEA sulfatases were 35.2 microM and 8.7 microM, respectively. A substrate inhibition was only observed for DHEA sulfatase. Both sulfatases had an elevated temperature optimum (65 degrees C). The effect of inorganic salts was also tested. In normal epidermis, E1-sulfatase activity was constantly higher than DHEA-sulfatase activity, but no correlation between these activities was observed. On the other hand, E1- and DHEA-sulfatase activities were lower in plantar than in abdominal epidermis. In plantar epidermis of palmoplantar keratoderma, large variations in E1-sulfatase activity, but no significant variation in DHEA-sulfatase activity, were observed. In human epidermis, the findings were consistent with the existence of two different sulfatases: E1 sulfatase and DHEA sulfatase. It would also appear that sulfatase activities are not linked to the abnormal shedding of plantar stratum corneum in palmoplantar keratoderma.
Abdomen↗
Secondary ion emission microanalysis: applications to the study of human skin.
Secondary ion emission microanalysis is a new method of physical analysis recently applied in biology. The apparatus required (CAMECA SMI 300) enables pictures to be taken of the distribution of certain elements, with a space resolution of the order of 1 microgram. Concentrations below 1 p.p.m. are perceptible for most elements. The present results are the first obtained for human skin sections. Investigation of the natural elements of normal skin reveals no particular accumulation. Elements foreign to the skin are easy to detect. We show here the distribution in the epidermis of clinical antiseptics applied locally. This method has two advantages compared to X-ray microanalysis. It is more sensitive and allows analysis of even the lightest elements. However, its use in skin penetration studies is limited because it does not permit quantitative analysis and serious interference problems may occur.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗
Composite keratohyaline granules in palmoplantar keratoderma: an ultrastructural study.
We report the results of an ultrastructural study of the hyperkeratotic epidermis in 23 cases of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) comprising 8 inherited keratoderma, 8 keratoderma climactericum in menopausal women and 7 symptomatic keratoderma. In all but one of the cases of inherited PPK and keratoderma climactericum, composite keratohyalin (KH) granules were found in granular cells of the interductal epidermis, which were similar to those found in the rat and in some other conditions. In the cases of symptomatic keratoderma, e.g. secondary to eczema, the appearance of the KH granules did not differ from that of granules observed in two normal plantar skin samples. While the real role played by these granules is unknown, they could constitute a differentiation marker of intraepidermal duct cells, and their abundance in PPK suggest that intraepidermal sweat ducts may play a part in PPK histogenesis.
Adult↗
Airway response to salbutamol and to ipratropium bromide after non-selective and cardioselective beta-blocker.
Eight healthy men were randomly assigned in a latin square order to receive single doses of placebo, tertatolol 5 mg, propranolol 80 mg and atenolol 100 mg at 7-day intervals. Resting heart rate and pulmonary function were measured 10 min before and over the 240 min following dosing, and then 15 min after inhalation of salbutamol 200 micrograms and ipratropium bromide 40 micrograms. The three beta-blockers caused similar reductions in resting heart rate throughout the study, whereas placebo had no effect. The three beta-blockers, like placebo, produced no significant change in pulmonary function during the 240 min after dosing. The bronchodilator response to salbutamol after atenolol and placebo was preserved, whereas it was reduced after administration of either of the non-selective beta-blockers, tertatolol and propranolol. An unequivocal response of the airways to ipratropium bromide was observed after tertatolol and propranolol, which was much greater than after atenolol. No response was observed after placebo. Thus, despite bronchial beta 2-blockade, by non-selective beta-blockers, bronchodilatation was definitely produced by ipratropium bromide, confirming the predominant role of the parasympathetic system in the autonomic innervation of normal human airways.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
Parkinsonian syndrome and central nervous system lymphoma involving the substantia nigra. A case report.
The clinical history and postmortem neuropathologic findings of a case of cerebral lymphoma revealed by a typical parkinsonian syndrome are reported. The clinical symptoms initially improved with dopa therapy. The tumor was classified as a diffuse, non-cleaved, large-cell lymphoma of B-cell origin producing monoclonal lambda light chains. The substantia nigra was infiltrated by the tumor and showed neuronal loss and extraneuronal pigment. The most striking histological feature was the presence of neuronophagic-like nodules composed of lymphomatous cells both in the locus niger and in the left thalamus. No tumoral mass effect and no histological stigmata of other etiologies of parkinsonian syndromes were observed. A hypothesis is that the neuronophagic-like nodules may reflect a neuronotoxic activity of the lymphoma and may be considered at the origin of parkinsonism.
B-Lymphocytes↗
Activation of the cAMP-generating system by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the human laryngeal malignant cell line HEp-2.
In the presence of 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine, VIP produced a dose-related (3 X 10(-9)-10(-7) M) increase (8-fold) in cAMP production in isolated HEp-2 cells incubated at 15 degrees C in KRP buffer. Among the peptides structurally related to VIP, including secretin (10(-7) M), pancreatic glucagon (10(-6) M), PHI, somatostatin-14 (10(-6) M), hpGRF (10(-8)-4 X 10(-6) M), GIP (2 X 10(-7) M), only PHI (3 X 10(-7) M and above) is able to activate the cAMP-generating system in HEp-2 cells, but at 10(2) times lower potency. Under the same conditions, histamine (10(-3) M) was also ineffective, while PGE2 (10(-7)-10(-4) M) increased (4-fold) basal cAMP levels in HEp-2 cells. The VIP effect is related to the interaction of the peptide on VIP recognition sites (125I-VIP-binding capacity), coupled to the membrane-bound adenylate cyclase. The results indicate that the transformed laryngeal cell line HEp-2 possesses a receptor-cAMP system preferentially activated by VIP (relative potencies: VIP greater than PHI much greater than other peptides of the secretin family), and suggest that this neuropeptide could modulate biological functions in normal laryngeal epithelia in man.
1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
Biodegradation of trialkylacetic acid benzyl esters.
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Bacteria↗
Low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch 6% compared to albumin 4% during intentional hemodilution.
Intentional normovolemic hemodilution was chosen as the model to compare a 6% low molecular weight hydroxyethyl starch (LMW HES) to 4% albumin. The study ran over the plasma exchange period for 24 h. Nine patients, scheduled for abdominal aortic surgery, were included in each group. After basal measurements, blood was withdrawn and simultaneously replaced by either 4% albumin (Group 1) or 6% LMW HES (Group 2) to achieve a final hematocrit of approximately 30%. Hemodynamic blood oxygen gas and hormonal plasma levels were determined before hemodilution then at 30 min, 1, 2, 3, and 24 h after the end of hemodilution. Basal value for total blood volume was 4377 +/- 162 ml in group 1 and 4138 +/- 315 ml in group 2. As in both groups the decrease in blood cell volume was exactly compensated by the increase in plasma volume, no significant change in total blood volume (respectively 4432 +/- 159 and 4305 +/- 267 ml) was observed. Throughout the study, in both groups, no significant change in mean arterial and right atrial pressures was observed. In group 2 (LMW HES), a significant increase of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was noted 120 min after hemodilution. After hemodilution, despite a significant decrease in arterial oxygen O2 content, systemic oxygen transport did not significantly vary until 24 h in relation to the increased cardiac index. An increase in O2 extraction was observed after the exchange but no further increase was observed until the 24 h. No significant changes either in global O2 consumption or in lactate concentration were detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Aged↗
Estrone sulfatase activity in normal and abnormal endometrium.
We investigated the activity of estrone sulfatase in normal and pathological endometrium. In normal endometrium, the estrone sulfatase activity [pmol E1 X min-1 X (mg prot)-1] was 23.13 +/- 8.44 (mean +/- SD). An increase (p less than 0.01) of estrone sulfatase activity (62.81 +/- 21.97) was noted in mild endometrial hyperplasia. In focal hyperplasia (when the measurements were performed in the normal endometrial biopsies) such an increase was not noted (19.10 +/- 5.33). Estrone sulfatase activities of moderate hyperplasia (25.30 +/- 11.40) and endometrial neoplasia (30.30 +/- 9.57) were in the same range as in normal endometrium. Treatment with progestagen simultaneously reduced hyperplasia and estrone sulfatase activity. But when morphologically abnormal endometrium persisted after treatment, estrone sulfatase activity remained increased. The increase of estrone sulfatase activity appeared to be specific to mild endometrial hyperplasia. The role of estrone sulfatase in the pathogenesis of endometrial hyperplasia is discussed.
Adult↗
Studies on the use of desferrioxamine in experimental ocular siderosis produced by extrabulbar administration of iron.
The objective of these studies was to find out whether iron administered extrabulbarly can penetrate inside the eyeball and whether this process can be checked by transconjunctival injections of desferrioxamine. Histological examination revealed that 12 months after the placing of iron in the orbit, an accumulation of the metal can be observed in the sclera, choroid, and retina of untreated animals. In the group of animals treated with desferrioxamine, iron did not penetrate into the eyeball, and only in some animals could its presence be found in superficial layers of the sclera. The possibility is discussed of using the drug for the treatment of conditions resulting from the presence of foreign bodies in the orbit.
Animals↗
[Propynoxy-2-benzamides and analogs].
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Amides↗