PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Postpartum Period”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

In vitro incorporation of progesterone-1,2-3H in Fallopian tube and uterus of rat during pregnancy and postpartum period.

In vitro incorporation of 3H-progesterone into rat Fallopian tube and uterus during pregnancy and postpartum period is studied. The uptake of progesterone in oviduct and uterus falls sharply during mid-pregnancy (day 8-12 postcoitum) followed by a significantly high uptake prior to parturition. At the time of parturition, the tubal incorporation of radioactivity declines but resumes a rising profile towards day 5 postpartum. Similar pattern of uptake is observed in the uterus.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Studies of the course of the postpartum period in Polish Merino sheep.I. Macromorphological studies of the ovary and uterus].

The aim of the conducted research was to establish postpartum oestrous cycles and approximate data for mating Polish Merino sheep. 34 sheep were examined. During sheep laparotomy observations of ovaries and uterus were made on definite days of the postpartum period (1-78). It was stated that after about one-week of postpartum inactivity, the growth and development of follicles occurred in ovaries. First ovulations were noticed from the 15th to 18th day of postpartum, while processes connected with uterus involution were not completed. From the 14th to 18th day of postpartum, casting off of pregnant tissues from caruncules' surfaces into uterus cavity occurred. In the majority of sheep, regeneration of caruncules and purification of uterus cavity were completed by the 30th day of postpartum. The observed compatibility of the phases of ovary cycle with macromorphologically determined functional state of uterus after 30 days of postpartum, in the majority of tested sheep, suggests possibility of successful mating of Polish Merino sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Nifedipine pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics during the immediate postpartum period in patients with preeclampsia.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of oral nifedipine were studied in the immediate postpartum period in eight women with preeclampsia. Peak serum concentrations of 18 +/- 2.1 micrograms/L occurred 40 minutes after ingestion of nifedipine (10 mg). The terminal elimination half-life (mean = 1.35 +/- 0.3 hours) was found to be shorter than that reported for normotensive volunteers or nonpregnant hypertensive women (mean, 3.4 +/- 0.4 hours). A mean apparent oral elimination clearance of 3.3 +/- 1.3 L/hr/kg was more rapid than that found in normal volunteers (mean, 0.49 +/- 0.09 L/hr/kg) or in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension in the third trimester (mean, 2.0 +/- 0.8 L/hr/kg). Initial nadirs in mean arterial pressure were noted at 50 minutes after ingestion of nifedipine, with an average reduction in mean arterial pressure of 13.8 mm Hg. A dosing interval of every 3 to 4 hours is suggested when rapid-release nifedipine is used in the postpartum patient with preeclampsia.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1992

[Analysis of lochial acid-base equilibrium in an uncomplicated course of the postpartum period and in endometritis].

Lochial acid-base status was analyzed in 45 puerperants in whom the postpartum period ran an uncomplicated course or was complicated by endometritis. The normal course of the puerperium is associated with the development of metabolic acidosis in the uterine cavity, and this acidosis is completely compensated for at the expense of gas alkalosis. In slight endometritis metabolic acidosis augments, and grave endometritis is associated with the development of marked acidosis at the expense of the development of tissue hypoxia in the presence of metabolic acidosis.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed2000

Determinants of bone and blood lead concentrations in the early postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated determinants of bone and blood lead concentrations in 430 lactating Mexican women during the early postpartum period and the contribution of bone lead to blood lead. METHODS: Maternal venous lead was measured at delivery and postpartum, and bone lead concentrations, measured with in vivo K-x ray fluorescence, were measured post partum. Data on environmental exposure, demographic characteristics, and maternal factors related to exposure to lead were collected by questionnaire. Linear regression was used to examine the relations between bone and blood lead, demographics, and environmental exposure variables. RESULTS: Mean (SD) blood, tibial, and patellar lead concentrations were 9.5 (4.5) microg/dl, 10.2 (10.1) microg Pb/g bone mineral, and 15.2 (15.1) microg Pb/g bone mineral respectively. These values are considerably higher than values for women in the United States. Older age, the cumulative use of lead glazed pottery, and higher proportion of life spent in Mexico City were powerful predictors of higher bone lead concentrations. Use of lead glazed ceramics to cook food in the past week and increased patellar lead concentrations were significant predictors of increased blood lead. Patellar lead concentrations explained one third of the variance accounted for by the final blood lead model. Women in the 90th percentile for patella lead had an untransformed predicted mean blood lead concentration 3.6 microg/dl higher than those in the 10th percentile. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified the use of lead glazed ceramics as a major source of cumulative exposure to lead, as reflected by bone lead concentrations, as well as current exposure, reflected by blood lead, in Mexico. A higher proportion of life spent in Mexico City, a proxy for exposure to leaded gasoline emissions, was identified as the other major source of cumulative lead exposure. The influence of bone lead on blood lead coupled with the long half life of lead in bone has implications for other populations and suggests that bone stores may pose a threat to women of reproductive age long after exposure has declined.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Transient appearance of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-linked immunoglobulin and thyroid dysfunction at the postpartum period.

Here, we report a 28-year-old woman who transiently showed lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-linked immunoglobulin during postpartum thyroiditis. She demonstrated high levels of serum LDH (794 IU/l) and thyroid hormones 7 months after delivery. Electrophoretic isoenzyme analysis of LDH showed an abnormal broadband caused by LDH-linked immunoglobulin (IgG-kappa). Transient thyrotoxicosis due to postpartum thyroiditis improved without any specific treatment, and elevated serum concentration of LDH decreased to the normal level (395 IU/l) with disappearance of LDH-linked IgG. LDH-linked immunoglobulin may also appear at the postpartum period.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Response to mitogen during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

The influence of pregnancy, pregnancy plasma, and pregnancy-associated lhormones on the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to two phytomitogens (PHS and PWM) was examined in a group of 17 healthy women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. No consistent disparity between pregnancy, postpartum, and control tests was noted in either intrinsic lymphocyte responsiveness or in the effect of autologous plasma or four pregnancy-associated hormones (estriol, progesterone, hPL, and estradiol-17 beta) on lymphocyte responsiveness.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Prevalence and patterns of intimate partner violence among adolescent mothers during the postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: To examine prevalence, frequency, severity, and patterns of intimate partner violence (IPV) during the first 24 months' post partum within a multiethnic cohort of adolescents. DESIGN: A prospective study of adolescent girls followed up for 24 months into the postpartum period. Follow-up surveys were completed at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months' post partum. Overall, 74% completed at least 4 of the 5 follow-up surveys. SETTING: Postpartum unit at a university teaching hospital in Galveston, Tex. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 570 adolescents (18 years or younger; 219 Mexican Americans, 182 African Americans, and 169 European Americans) completed face-to-face interviews within 48 hours of delivery and returned at least 4 of 5 follow-up surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of IPV and frequent and severe IPV. RESULTS: Prevalence of IPV was highest at 3 months' post partum (21%) and lowest at 24 months (13%). The percentage of assaulted mothers who experienced severe IPV increased from 40% to 62% across this period. Seventy-five percent of mothers reporting IPV during pregnancy also reported IPV within 24 months following delivery. Of importance, 78% who experienced IPV during the first 3 postpartum months had not reported IPV before delivery. Ethnic differences in IPV were observed at 3, 6, and 18 months' post partum. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents are at high risk for experiencing IPV during the postpartum period. Frequent screening for IPV by health care practitioners is critical to maximize detection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Use of Norplant implants in the immediate postpartum period among asymptomatic HIV-1-positive mothers.

A prospective cohort study of Norplant use in the immediate postpartum period among asymptomatic HIV-1-positive women was conducted in Bangkok, Thailand. The objectives of this study were to evaluate side effects and menstrual patterns of the Norplant system in this group. A total of 88 asymptomatic HIV-1-positive mothers were recruited for this study. All of them voluntarily accepted the use of the Norplant implant as a contraceptive method immediately postpartum. Their mean age was 24.9 years. Most of them had completed primary school. The follow-up period was 24 weeks. There were eight participants lost from the study because of loss of contact. Irregular bleeding was the most common menstrual pattern in these participants. The major side effects were headache, followed by hair loss. No subject terminated Norplant use during the study period. The Norplant implant appears to be safe and well tolerated in asymptomatic HIV-1-positive parturients when inserted immediately postpartum.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1994

Severe axonal polyneuropathy with onset in the postpartum period.

We report two patients who presented severe polyneuropathy in the postpartum period. Electrophysiological studies evidenced an axonal process which was associated with proximal demyelination in the second patient. In both cases, a peripheral nerve biopsy showed severe axonal Wallerian-like degeneration and no feature of demyelination. The first patient had a dramatic loss of myelinated fibres, and severe disability persisted for several months. These two patients are different from cases of acute or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy previously reported in relation with pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Long-lasting changes in morphine-induced locomotor sensitization and tolerance in Long-Evans mother rats as a result of periodic postpartum separation from the litter: a novel model of increased vulnerability to drug abuse?

Daily postpartum separations from the litter produce enduring changes in anxiety and sensitivity to the antinociceptive effects of morphine in Long-Evans dams. We tested whether postpartum experience alters sensitivity to the effects of morphine on locomotor activity. Dams were tested 4-6 weeks after their pups were weaned, and had one of the following backgrounds: daily separation from the litter on postpartum days 2-14 for either 3 h (prolonged separation-LS) or 15 min (brief separation-BS), or no separation (nonhandled control-NH). After 2 consecutive days (B1-2) of baseline activity measurements, subjects were tested daily after s.c. injections of either morphine (10 mg/kg) or saline for 7 days and again on day 10. Beginning 5 days later, saline and 1.0-10 mg/kg of morphine were tested in all dams. On B1, LS and BS dams habituated slower than NH controls, yielding higher horizontal counts. LS dams failed to habituate across baseline days and were more active than other dams on B2. Sensitization, a progressive increase in horizontal activity, was more rapid and robust in LS and BS dams compared to NH animals. LS was the only group that developed tolerance to morphine-induced decreases in vertical activity. In LS dams with the history of morphine treatment, injection of saline resulted in higher horizontal activity and center time compared to saline-treated counterparts, indicative of conditioning. Among animals with a history of saline treatment, LS dams were more sensitive to morphine challenges than BS and NH dams. As a result of the robust and long-lasting increases in the ability of morphine to induce behavioral sensitization in litter-separated dams, periodic postpartum separation may represent a new animal model of increased vulnerability to substance abuse.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Depressive symptoms in the immediate postpartum period among Hispanic women in three U.S. cities.

The aim of this was to examine rates and determinants of depressive symptomatology in the immediate postpartum period among Hispanic women in the United States. A total of 3952 Hispanic women who had delivered infants (parturients) were interviewed in postpartum wards in Miami, New York City and San Francisco. Symptoms of depression were regressed onto a series of social, psychological, and socioeconomic variables. Results showed that 42.6% of participants were probable cases of depression (CES-D > or = 16). Depression was negatively associated with perceived level of social support (adjusted OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.53-0.67) and health insurance coverage (adjusted OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.95), but not with the degree of acculturation or immigration status. It was found that depressive symptoms are common among Hispanic parturients. Pregnant Hispanic women should be carefully monitored for signs of depression and appropriate preventive measures are needed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Mothers' and fathers' recognition of their newborns' photographs during the postpartum period.

In the present study, we have compared the ability of mothers and fathers to recognize their newborns' photographs during the early postpartum period. We suspected that fathers would prove to be less proficient than mothers, as a result of differences in the quality of their contact with their newborns. Our hypothesis was not confirmed. Rather, mothers and fathers were, for the most part, equally proficient at recognizing their infants. Since focused attention is a requisite for accurate photograph recognition, these data suggest that fathers view their newborns with perspicacity comparable to that of mothers.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

N-Acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase in milk and blood plasma during dry and early postpartum periods.

Milk and plasma N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity was determined for cows during the dry and early postpartum periods. Milk samples were taken from individual quarters of 12 cows from 7 d preceding dry off until calving. Weigh jar milk samples were taken daily for 28 d postpartum from 9 of the 12 cows. Somatic cell concentration was also measured in the postpartum samples. N-Acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase activity of mammary secretions was significantly elevated in the dry period. Activity in mammary secretions was significantly higher than blood plasma concentrations during the dry period, which suggests that the enzyme present in mammary secretions comes mainly from within the gland. Milk enzyme concentrations declined sharply by 4 d postpartum and gradually declined through 28 d postpartum. Activity was still slightly elevated at 28 d postpartum as compared with normal lactation. Greater daily variability was seen with somatic cells than with N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase. However, somatic cells were more responsive to clinical infections postpartum, showing significant elevations in both clinical episodes. The enzyme was elevated in one clinical case, but relatively unchanged in the other. Plasma levels were constant throughout both trials.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1997

[Behavior change of a primipara with cesarean section during early postpartum period].

The focus of this study was to understand the process of behavior change in a cesarean section primipara during her early postpartum period. The study was conducted by the field method with the researcher as the subject's primary nurse. Content analysis was employed to analyze and categorize the 6 sections of the behavioral process record, which were taken down in narrative form by the researcher during the nursing process. Three stages of behavior change were identified: (1) Lack of confidence and uncertainty about self care and newborn care. (2) Actively intending to explore and learn about self care and newborn care. (3) Adjusting caring methods and planning for the future. In this study, the researcher provided information and caring to the subject individually. It assisted the new mother in becoming a competent mother.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1982

Effect of suckling on pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone throughout the early postpartum period of beef cows.

The objective of this study was to compare pituitary responsiveness to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) throughout the early postpartum period (PP) in beef cows suckling in single calf vs cows which had calves removed at birth. The experiment utilized 48 cows in a 2 X 4 factorial. Main effects studied were suckling status (suckled or nonsuckled) and days PP (d 3, 10, 20 or 30). Covariates studied were pre-treatment concentrations of progesterone (P), estradiol-17 beta (E), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Suckled (S) cows nursed one calf, while nonsuckled (NS) cows had calves removed at birth. Treatment was a single im injection of 100 micrograms GnRH dissolved in saline. Pre-GnRH plasma concentrations of E, P, LH and FSH and post-treatment plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were determined at 15 min intervals (-30 to 360 min) in blood samples collected via jugular cannulae. Post-treatment plasma concentrations of P were determined at 6 (n = 23) or 8 (n = 23) days after treatment to monitor ovarian response. Concentrations of E, LH and FSH before GnRH injection did not differ (P greater than .1) between S and NS cows at any PP stage and data were pooled for statistical analyses. Pre-treatment LH, but not FSH, increased (r = .43; P less than .002 (with days PP and concentrations of LH were greater (P less than .05) at 30 d than at 3 d PP. Pre-treatment P was greater (P less than .05) in NS than in S cows on d 30 PP and P was correlated (r = .51; P less than .01) with days PP in NS cows. However, the frequency of cows exhibiting plasma P greater than or equal to 1 ng/ml prior to GnRH was low on all days studied and was similar for both groups. LH release after GnRH was correlated with increasing days PP in both S (r = .73; P less than .001) and NS (r = .61; P less than .002) cows, Releasable FSH was not related to days PP in either group. Mean peak LH and total LH released were greater (P less than .025 and P less than .05), respectively) in S than in NS cows at 30 d PP. Mean peak FSH and total FSH released were greater (P less than .05 and P less than .07, respectively) at 10 and 30 d PP in S cows than in NS cows. Pre-treatment E, but no P, LH or FSH was positively related (P less than .01) to GnRH-mediated LH release in both groups. When pre-treatment E was partitioned into separated regressions for S (ES) and NS (ENS) cows, increased pituitary LH response in S cows on d 30 appeared to be due in part to a greater sensitivity of S cows to E modulation. We found no evidence to suggest that pituitary responsiveness per se is decreased in beef cows suckling a single calf.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Racial comparisons of thyroid function and autoimmunity during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate thyroid function and the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibody and autoimmunity in African-American and white women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. METHODS: Five hundred eighty-nine women were evaluated prospectively. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (T4), and TPO, Ro, and La antibodies were obtained during pregnancy, at delivery, and postpartum. Levels of hCG were determined during pregnancy. Urinary iodine levels were evaluated in the third trimester in another group of women. All TPO antibody-positive patients were to be followed up at 3 and 6 months postpartum. RESULTS: African-American women had lower TSH values than white women at all times. Thyroid-stimulating hormone increased, and free T4 decreased from the first to third trimester of pregnancy for both groups. African Americans had higher hCG levels than whites in the first trimester but not in the third trimester. There was no difference in urine iodine excretion between African-American and white women. Finally, there was no difference in TPO antibody seropositivity between African-American and white women. Overall, 5 patients (0.8%) were diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Fluctuations in TSH and free T4 during pregnancy parallel reported obstetric values. African Americans demonstrated consistently lower TSH levels than whites. These differences were unexplained by racial differences in either TPO antibody seropositivity, iodine status, or chorionic gonadotropin levels.

Adult↗