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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

The effects of spiritual/religious practices on psychological well-being among inner city homeless women.

As part of a larger, retrospective investigation of homeless women's wholistic family planning needs, we examined spiritual/religious practices in relationship to mental health status and substance use. Ninety-two percent of our sample reported one or more spiritual/religious practices, such as praying, attending worship services, or reading religious materials. Forty-eight percent of the women reported the use of prayer as significantly related to less use of alcohol and/or street drugs, fewer perceived worries, and fewer depressive symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

African-American women who use crack cocaine: a comparison of mothers who live with and have been separated from their children.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined factors that influenced caregiver status for African-American mothers who use crack cocaine but are not receiving drug treatment and participated in an HIV prevention study in North Carolina. METHOD: Caregiver mothers who were living with at least one of their children at intake (n = 257) were compared with non-Caregivers who were separated from all of their children (n = 378). Bivariate analyses and logistic regression were used to compare these mothers at intake on current drug use, risky sex practices, psychological symptoms, victimization, and aggression. RESULTS: Compared with Caregiver mothers, non-Caregivers reported higher frequencies of drug use, risky sex practices, psychological distress, and victimization experiences. Caregiver mothers were more likely than non-Caregiver mothers to have health insurance, but were less likely to have received drug treatment. Logistic regression found that non-Caregiver mothers were significantly more likely than Caregiver mothers to be older, to have been physically abused as children, to trade sex more frequently, to be homeless, and to have no health insurance. Recent crack use, psychological symptoms, and victimization were not significantly related to caregiver status. CONCLUSIONS: Findings that socio-environmental factors were more strongly associated with caregiver status than crack use underscore the importance of contextual issues such as housing, victimization history, and resources in serving maternal crack users. Community outreach and interventions that engage mothers who use drugs and live with their children may be more effective strategies than formal office-based services to link mothers who use crack and their children to needed drug treatment and family and child services.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1999

The dissemination of empirically supported treatments: a view to the future.

An ideological and scientific struggle spanning decades has borne fruit with the development and documentation of psychological interventions for a variety of disorders and problems with proven efficacy. Termed variously 'empirically supported treatments' or 'evidence-based psychological practice' highly regarded scientific methods have established these interventions as effective as, and often more effective than, pharmacological treatments, particularly in the long run. In some cases, combined efficacious psychological and pharmacological treatments are most effective. Despite these developments, evidence exists that these psychological treatments are not readily available to the public who requires them, because they have not been effectively disseminated to the mental health professionals who deliver them. The variety of barriers to successful dissemination are outlined, and recent developments in clinical research and public health policy are described that may facilitate the advancement of evidence-based psychological practice.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Familial hypercholesterolemia: ethical, practical and psychological problems from the perspective of patients.

The main aim of the study was to explore the extent to which familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) influences the life of the patients affected. The study employed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with 23 outpatients who were being treated following a diagnosis of heterozygous FH at a tertiary hospital in Göteborg, Sweden. Some interviewees reported concerns related to their medication and feelings of guilt when not complying with treatment recommendations. However, none of the respondents expressed sustained emotional distress or would have preferred to be ignorant of their diagnosis. Apart from being more observant about food intake, their awareness of FH did not appear to have had a substantial impact on their way of life. In fact, those who did not suffer from any other diseases generally regarded themselves as healthy. Discussing the genetic constitution with family members with whom they had close contact was natural, but informing distant family members was not.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1977

[Practical and psychological aspects of sperm collection].

The present study was made on 480 men who consulted in our laboratory for a sperm exam. Semen were collected by masturbation. Only in very few cases (3 p. 100) ejaculation could not be obtained. In most cases ejaculation was obtained after a few minutes. Earlier or usual practice of masturbation does not seem to be of any influence on the result of semen collection or on the time necessary until ejaculation. 75 p. 100 of the patients attached much importance to the exterior aspect of the collection room. Actually, apprehension or eventual difficulties seem to be linked with a lack of sufficient information on the physician's part before semen collection. This study gives evidence that semen collection could be systematically made in the laboratory itself. It allows better sperm exam conditions.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1999

[The evolution of ethical standards in the practice of psychology: a reflection on the APA Code of Ethics].

After briefly describing the need for ethics in the development of professional regulation and analyzing the historical emergence of codes of ethics, the goal of this paper is to scrutinize the process by which the American Psychological Association developed its own Code of Ethics and proceeded to revise it periodically. Different lessons can be derived from these efforts and from the criticisms that were formulated. The need for international standards in professional and research ethics is then considered, and the results of a recent study on this subject are presented. Five major conclusions can be derived from the preceding analysis: (1) Codes of ethics can help professional recognition by stressing the importance given to the protection of the public, (2) the development of a code of ethics is usually related to the advancement of professional practice, (3) ethical standards should be in tune with the cultural values and the belief system of a given community, (4) a well-balanced code should incorporate both general aspirational principles and enforceable standards, and (5) the method used to define principles and standards should be empirically based.

Ethics, Professional↗