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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

The role of glucocorticoid hormones as biological amplifiers.

Recent research in hormone action has been aimed at studying single effects in well-defined systems. As exemplified in several chapters of this book, it has been possible to deduce a general mechanism of action of the glucocorticoids using this approach. Most hormones, and the glucocorticoids in particular, do not act as independent agents in the intact animal. Although the best known example of how glucocorticoids interact with other hormones is the amplification of the effect of those whose action is mediated by cAMP, these steroids also augment the effects of a variety of other hormones and effectors. Such interactions are of interest in clinical medicine as well, since glucocorticoid hormones are used in combination with other drugs in a number of conditions, including the treatment of asthma, allergies, and certain kinds of shock and cancer. Neither the biochemical nor the pharmacologic basis for the effects of the glucocorticoids is known. In some cases the actions of other hormones are not observed unless the tissue has first been exposed to glucocorticoids. In these instances the glucocorticoids are said to exert a "permissive effect," since they allow a process to proceed at a maximal rate even though the steroid itself has no effect on this process. There is no doubt that such examples exist, as documented above: thus the concept of a "permissive effect" does have utility. The term fails to describe the more general role the glucocorticoids play, since in many instances the steroid also has a direct effect on the process itself, or optimizes a process in which the primary effector is not as yet known. Because of these cases, and because the historically more general usage first proposed by INGLE [1] seems to have been forgotten, use of the term "permissive effect" has been avoided in this chapter. An ultimate goal in glucocorticoid hormone research is to identify the mechanisms involved in the amplification effect these hormones exert. Now that the actions of these hormones and of the hormones they interact with are being defined, such work is within the realm of feasibility.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Standardization of process parameters for salbutamol sulphate microcapsules coated with cellulose acetate phthalate and computation of in-vitro release kinetics.

Salbutamol sulphate, a bronchodilatatory drug for asthma, is encapsulated by Emulsion-Solvent-Evaporation technique using cellulose acetatephthalate as coating polymeric material. Different process parameters like Stirring Speed, Drug-Polymer Ratio, Solvent-Polymer Ratio, Internal Phase-External Phase Ratio, Effects of Temperature, and of Surfactants have been studied to standardise the process. At optimal condition of process parameters maximum encapsulation efficiency is obtained and microcapsules produced are free flowing and spherical. The dissolution of the microcapsules is carried out and the data obtained from in-vitro dissolution profile are computed in the light of different kinetic models. Diffusion coefficient (Da) and diffusivity rate constant (KBL) are evaluated with the help of Baker-Lonsdale model.

Albuterol↗
PubMed1977

[Ways to optimize the technological process of oleandomycin reextraction].

Dependence of the oleandomycin distribution coefficient on pH of the acqueous phase and temperature in the system of butylacetate extract-water acidified with orthophosphoric acid was studied. With a purpose of intensification of the process of oleandomycin reextraction, decreasing the antibiotic inactivation and evaporation of the organic solvent it was proposed to perfom oleandomycin extraction at pH 4.0--5.0 accompanied by simultaneous decreasing of the temperature.

Acetates↗
PubMed1991

[Optimizing the learning process in short-term autogenic training by practice protocols].

The results of two studies are presented, in which the question was investigated, whether the learning process of autogenic training (AT) in short group programs can be improved by the use of a self-control technique (records for the AT-exercises realized without the group at home). Study I refers to 24 university students, who learned AT within their psychology education; Study II refers to 28 adults, who learned AT within a psychosocial community service for adults. Within control-group designs evaluative and follow-up data were gathered before, during, at the end, and 4 months after the AT-treatment. The data refer to psychosomatic complaints (SSP, ATSYM), depression (BDI), relaxation capacity and wellbeing (VFE) as well as subjective valuations of AT and the frequency of AT-exercising. The results of both studies show that the basal AT-exercises can be learned in short group programs (6 meetings within 6 weeks). The self-control technique promotes the learning process at short as well as at longer sight. Implications of the results for the realization of introductions to AT in out- and in-patient group treatment are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Biological optimization of stationary processes].

The modern biological systems used for search for new safe drugs have been analyzed. An algorithm for analysis of experimental data has been proposed. It allows to predict the effect of a drug on a given individual.

Humans↗