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Results for “Psychological Distance”

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PubMed1970

Ego boundaries.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Body Image↗
PubMed1984

[Development of an Attitude Toward Handicapped Structure Test. Initial validation studies in a projective test procedure].

To know the structure of the attitudes toward disabled persons is of importance for practical rehabilitation work as well as for rehabilitation research. The hereby presented BESTT 83 (attitudes-toward-disabled-structure test 1983) comprises 15 factors of the attitude toward the disabled (integration climate). It makes use of pictures in order to be most realistic and to eliminate conscious and unconscious tendencies of distortion. The method can be used for individual tests as well as for group experiments. The test in its original setting has been checked by means of an expert rating and an empirical study (175 subjects aged between 10 and 90 years). The results show the reliability and validity of this method.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

College student adult children of alcoholics: psychological resilience or emotional distance?

Recent investigations of Adult Children of Alcoholics (ACOAs) have focused on identifying factors associated with psychological resilience and their role in academic achievement. The present study hypothesized that rather than being associated with psychological resilience, academic achievement more likely would be associated with decreased psychological functioning or emotional distance due to the single-minded pursuit of one particular endeavor. Gender differences in types of problems reported by ACOAs were also hypothesized. In a sample of 419 college students, ACOAs reported more problems than non-ACOAs in areas of interpersonal anxiety, depression, and family problems but not academic skills. There were few gender effects. Results were discussed in terms of the psychological resilience hypothesis.

Achievement↗
PubMed2000

Videoconferencing in the provision of psychological services at a distance.

This paper reviews the literature on the provision of psychological services using videoconferencing. First, mental health assessments are considered in terms of both the initial interview and the use of scales for rating symptoms of mental state dysfunction, including psychosis, depression and anxiety. Ways to increase the reliability of initial assessment data collected by videoconference are provided, and the consumer's experience of receiving this service by videoconference is also considered. Research comparing the administration of psychometric tests in person and by videoconference is then reviewed, as is the client's experience of receiving this service by videoconference. Psychological interventions provided for individuals, families and groups by videoconference are also considered. Positive and negative experiences relate to issues of empathy, working alliance, a sense of control and a sense of presence. The levels of comfort and satisfaction expressed by both counsellors and clients with the use of the medium are discussed. Recommendations for how best to use videoconferencing for psychological interventions are offered and contraindications are reviewed. Videoconferencing for the purposes of supervision is also briefly covered. The legal issues associated with the use of videoconferencing to provide psychological services include consent, reimbursement, professional licensing and liability. It seems that videoconferencing is a new and potentially beneficial means of bringing psychological services to isolated communities. However, it may be necessary to explore the technique cautiously. There is a dearth of evidence regarding the reliability of psychological services provided using videoconferencing and consequently there is vast opportunity for further research.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

Intergroup contact and pluralistic ignorance.

The present work examined the relationship between people's own interpretations of why they avoid intergroup contact and their interpretations of why out-groups avoid intergroup contact. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that Whites and Blacks would like to have more contact with the out-group but believe the out-group does not want to have contact with them. Studies 3-5 show that Whites and Blacks make divergent explanations about their own and their potential out-group partner's failure to initiate contact. Specifically, individuals explained their own inaction in terms of their fear of being rejected because of their race but attributed the out-group members' inaction to their lack of interest. Study 6 examined the behavioral consequences of this self-other bias. Finally, Study 7 applied theoretical work on the extended contact hypothesis to explore a means to reduce this self- other bias. The implications of these studies for improving intergroup interactions are discussed.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

[Stigma as perceived by schizophrenics and depressives].

QUESTION: The goal of this study is to investigate the stigma of mental illness from the perspective of the persons directly affected by it. METHOD: 210 patients with schizophrenia or major depression were questioned about anticipated and concrete stigmatization experiences, using a questionnaire especially developed for this study. RESULTS: Most of the patients expected negative reactions from the environment. Three quarters were convinced that their job application would be rejected when it became known that they are mentally ill. Almost two thirds felt apprehensive that others would avoid them due to their illness. There is hardly any difference between schizophrenia and depressive patients' assessment of stigmatization of mentally ill people. Concrete stigmatization experiences were most frequently reported in the domain of interpersonal interaction. Second comes the distorted picture of mentally ill people that is depicted in the media and experienced as hurtful by the patients. The obstacles to access social roles (partnership, work, etc.) perceived by the patients come third. Participants least frequently mentioned structural discrimination, i. e. disadvantages regarding psychiatric treatment or rehabilitation measures. Contrary to anticipated stigmatization, there are differences between the two diagnostic groups when it comes to concrete stigmatization experiences. Schizophrenia patients more frequently report that others would avoid contact with them and that the access to social roles was especially complicated for them. They also seemed to be more exposed to structural discrimination than depressive patients. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, ways are discussed of how stigmatization and discrimination of mentally ill people can be reduced.

Adaptation, Psychological↗