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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Reproducibility and validity of the secondary level School-Based Nutrition Monitoring student questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the School-Based Nutrition Monitoring (SBNM) secondary level student questionnaire. DESIGN: Reproducibility was evaluated using a test-retest study design by administering the questionnaire on the same day (morning and afternoon, n=254) and, when appropriate, 9 to 14 days apart (n=259). Validity was assessed by comparing foods selected on the questionnaire with foods reported from a single 24-hour recall covering the same referent period (yesterday) in 209 students. SUBJECTS/SETTING: Eighth grade students in middle schools from central Texas were used: male and female, approximately 75% white, for the reproducibility study, with 15% Hispanic, 6% African American; for the validation study, approximately 38% white, 41% Hispanic, and 17% African American. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Spearman rank order correlation, kappa statistic, and percentage agreement were used for both reproducibility and the validation. RESULTS: For the reproducibility study, agreement for questions about food intake "yesterday" were 70% to 98%, with kappa statistics ranging from 0.54 to 0.93 and correlations between 0.66 and 0.97. Questions on recent physical activity had high agreement (66% to 89%) as did "usual" physical activity items, weight loss, and food selection behaviors. Nutrition knowledge items showed relatively weaker reliability: agreements ranged from 47% to 92%, with kappa statistics between 0.30 and 0.56. Attitude questions had weaker agreement (50% to 87%), kappa statistics (0.27 to 0.52), and correlations (0.33 to 0.63). For the validation study, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.32 for breads to 0.68 for milk and beans. Percentage agreement ranged from 38% for breads to 89% for gravy. APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: Most questions on the SBNM secondary questionnaire were found to have acceptable reproducibility, whereas validation of food choice behaviors showed results similar to or better than other dietary assessment instruments for this age group. This questionnaire is a useful epidemiologic tool for surveillance, assessing broad intervention effects among groups or providing needs assessment data on selected nutrition and physical activity-related constructs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Feasibility of monitoring patient based health outcomes in a routine hospital setting.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility of monitoring health outcomes in a routine hospital setting and the value of feedback of outcomes data to clinicians by using the SF 36 health survey questionnaire. DESIGN: Administration of the questionnaire at baseline and three months, with analysis and interpretation of health status data after adjustments for sociodemographic variables and in conjunction with clinical data. Exploration of usefulness of outcomes data to clinicians through feedback discussion sessions and by an evaluation questionnaire. SETTING: One gastroenterology outpatient department in Aberdeen Royal Hospitals Trust, Scotland. PATIENTS: All (573) patients attending the department during one month (April 1993). MAIN MEASURES: Ability to obtain patient based outcomes data and requisite clinical information and feed it back to the clinicians in a useful and accessible form. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed by 542 (95%) patients at baseline and 450 (87%) patients at follow up. Baseline health status data and health outcomes data for the eight different aspects of health were analysed for individual patients, key groups of patients, and the total recruited patient population. Significant differences were shown between patients and the general population and between different groups of patients, and in health status over time. After adjustment for differences in sociodemography and main diagnosis patients with particularly poor scores were identified and discussed. Clinicians judged that this type of assessment could be useful for individual patients if the results were available at the time of consultation or for a well defined group of patients if used as part of a clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: Monitoring routine outcomes is feasible and instruments to achieve this, such as the SF 36 questionnaire, have potential value in an outpatient setting. IMPLICATIONS: If data on outcomes are to provide a basis for clinical and managerial decision making, information systems will be required to collect, analyse, interpret, and feed it back regularly and in good time.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effect of past gymnastics participation on adult bone mass.

The purposes of this study were to determine bone mineral density (BMD) of former female college gymnasts (FG; n = 18) and controls (FC; n = 15) by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 1000W) and to examine the relationships between current and former activity levels, diet, menstrual history and BMD. Current physical activity, dietary intake, and menstrual irregularity were assessed with the use of standardized questionnaires. A study-designed questionnaire was used to assess past physical activity. The BMDs of the FG were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than the BMDs of FC for the lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and whole body, even when the influences of current and past physical activity levels were statistically controlled via analysis of covariance. FG and FC did not differ in nutrient intakes, and there were no BMD differences between FG who always had regular menstrual cycles vs. those who had an interruption (> or = 3 mo) of their menstrual cycle in the past. The higher BMD in FG compared with FC suggests that past participation in college gymnastics may provide a residual effect on adult BMD.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Day-of-the-week effect on doctors' response to a postal questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To test a possible day-of-the-week effect on doctors' response rate to a postal questionnaire. DESIGN: Dispatch of postal questionnaire randomized to Thursday or Saturday. SETTING: A nationwide survey on doctors' attitudes. SUBJECTS: 200 general practitioners and 260 practising specialists/consultants. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Response rate and Kaplan-Meier survival curve for no-response. RESULTS: The probability of response was not influenced by receiving the questionnaire just before or just after a week-end. CONCLUSION: Response rates in postal surveys sent to doctors cannot be improved by their receiving the questionnaire just before a week-end.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed2002

[Pain in failed back surgery syndrome].

The problems of diagnosis and treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome are briefly analyzed in this article. Literature overview and analysis is supplemented by the data collected at the Spinal Neurosurgery Department in Kaunas University of Medicine Hospital during the study in which clinical findings and data were analyzed and compared to the answers of patients in the special questionnaires about pain specially designed for the patients with low back pain and the Failed Back Surgery Syndrome. During this study specially designed questionnaire was introduced for the detailed pain evaluation, McGill pain questionnaire and visual analogical scales were included in this diagnostic tool. The most important clinical aspects of diagnosis and treatment of Failed Back Surgery Syndrome are discussed in this article and compared to the clinical trial in order to point out the real their value, effectiveness and long term results. In addition, the clinical value and use of special pain questionnaires is discussed and their auxiliary role is established.

Chronic Disease↗
PubMed2005

[Problems of case accumulation in a clinical trial of hepatic arterial infusion after resection of hepatic metastases: A summary of the study design and questionnaire survey of the participating centers in study no. 29-0003 of the Japanese Foundation for Multidisciplinary Treatment of Cancer (JFMC)].

A randomized controlled trial of intermittent hepatic arterial infusion of weekly high-dose 5-FU (WHF) after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer was conducted to study the survival benefit of two regimens. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of two arms after resection of hepatic metastases: the WHF arm (study group), 1000 mg/m2 of 5-FU administered over the course of 5 hr once a week by hepatic arterial infusion; or the CVI arm (control group), 300 mg/m2 of 5-FU administered as a continuous intravenous infusion daily for 5 days followed 2 days' rest. This study is the first randomized trial of hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy with percutaneous hepatic catheter placement and assessment of liver drug distribution by CT angiography after resection of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer in the world. Fifty-two centers participated, and 91 patients were enrolled. Although the target number of patients was not enrolled, problems of this study and future prospects for trials of hepatic arterial infusion after resection of hepatic metastases were assessed by questionnaire surveys of the participating centers.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

On the assessment of dental health care attitudes in 1986 and 1995, using the dental attitude questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To re-establish and update the empirical data obtained in 1986 with the Dental Attitude Questionnaire. DESIGN: In 1995 this questionnaire, presented earlier by Hoogstraten and Broers (1986), was completed in a similar setting using similar subjects as in 1985, to make a comparison between 1986 and 1995 possible. SUBJECTS: 375 persons, all first grade psychology students who participated for additional course credit. Mean age was 21.7 years, 65 per cent were female. RESULTS: Data show a change in oral health care attitudes and a change in the internal consistency of the DAQ subscales, making the present version of the questionnaire inadequate for measuring present oral health care attitudes. CONCLUSION: This study has shown once more the importance of conducting replication studies after relatively long periods of time in order to update the psychometric characteristics of questionnaires.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Psychosocial morbidity in prostate cancer: I. Design of a new questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To design a questionnaire capable of measuring psychosocial morbidity in patients with prostate cancer and in their partners. METHODS: Issues to be covered in the questionnaire were determined by discussion among professionals, a literature review and semi-structured interviews with a group of seven patients and their partners. The potential issues were analysed and condensed, then re-presented to a further group of professionals, and to 10 patients and partners for comment and amendment. This process aimed to confirm the completeness and relevance of the list of issues. Questions were then constructed around the final list of issues and the questionnaire adjusted continually while testing on patients, until it was completed easily. RESULTS: The questionnaire consisted of 10 items; three items related to the general threat of cancer (concern about the diagnosis itself, fear of the future and difficulty dealing with the emotional response to the disease). Two items covered social and role functioning and there were five items to determine the severity of psychological morbidity caused by pain, urinary symptoms, treatment, physical limitation and sexual dysfunction. The questionnaire appeared to cover those areas of morbidity most consistently raised by patients and partners; it was also rapidly and easily completed by most respondents. CONCLUSION: The questionnaire constructed may be easily applied as part of routine clinical practice; it addresses aspects of psychosocial morbidity related to prostate cancer in patients and their partners. Although it appears to have content validity, further psychometric testing is required.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

Adolescence and the diet-dieting disparity: healthy food choice or risky health behaviour?

OBJECTIVES: Food choice in schoolchildren was examined in relation to dieting and measures of eating psychopathology. It was predicted that dieters would make healthier food choices compared to non-dieters and that measures of eating psychopathology would be associated with food choice. DESIGN: A cross-sectional questionnaire design incorporating an established adapted recall method was used to assess patterns of food consumption. METHODS: Questionnaires were administered in 13 state secondary schools. Measures included a food frequency questionnaire, the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (CHEAT), body satisfaction ratings, dietary restraint, and questions about dieting status. The sample consisted of 574 females and 445 males aged 11-16 years. RESULTS: Females made significantly more healthy food choices compared to males. Females reported dieting more than males (35% vs. 18%, respectively), and female dieters made more healthy food choices than female non-dieters. Almost a fifth (19%) of the entire sample reported skipping breakfast, with female dieters being three times more likely to do so than non-dieters. There were small but significant associations between reported food consumption and measures of eating attitudes, body dissatisfaction and restraint. For females who scored in the at-risk range on the CHEAT (8.7%), these associations were more substantial. CONCLUSIONS: Female dieters appear to make more healthy food choices than non-dieters and so may be tuning into healthy eating messages more effectively. Vulnerable females may use 'healthy eating' to hide risky weight reduction behaviours. Further studies are required to examine the nutritional impact of moderate and extreme dieting in this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Are Slovenian midwives and nurses ready to take on a greater role in caring for women with postnatal depression?

OBJECTIVE: to answer the question of whether Slovenian midwives and nurses feel prepared to take over the responsibility for the care of women with postnatal depression. DESIGN: questionnaire survey using a tool designed with data from previously conducted focus groups and a literature review. SETTING: the central maternity hospital and six community centres in the Slovenian capital city of Ljubljana. PARTICIPANTS: 134 participants completed the questionnaire, out of 175 distributed. The sample consisted of 86 participants from the maternity hospital, who were almost evenly divided into midwives and nurses, and 48 participants from the community services, where nurses prevailed over midwives. FINDINGS: participants lacked knowledge of postnatal mental health, and 99% of them expressed the need for more information. They considered the woman's partner to be the most appropriate person to detect postnatal depression, and doctors to be the key people involved in the treatment. In order to take over the role of prevention, detection and management of postnatal depression, midwives and nurses felt that they would need more knowledge and more continuous contact with women. KEY CONCLUSIONS: most participants did not know the main characteristics of postnatal depression, and were not confident in their knowledge. They felt that they lacked continuity in the care they could provide, and this affected their ability to establish a trusting relationship with women. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: information on postnatal mental health should be provided during undergraduate study of midwifery and nursing, and with continuous education through seminars and workshops in Slovenia. In order to enable continuity of carer, the role of the midwife should be expanded in pregnancy, and more visits in the puerperium should be planned.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Ways of coping with cystic fibrosis: implications for treatment adherence.

PURPOSE: How individuals cope with aspects of cystic fibrosis (CF) has the potential to influence their self management and the course of their disease. To evaluate how individuals cope with CF, a disease specific coping scale was developed and validated. A second objective of the work was to examine the relationship between coping styles and treatment adherence. METHODS: The development of the coping scale constituted a longitudinal design. A cross-sectional questionnaire design was used to examine the coping-adherence relationship. The development and validation of the coping scale comprised three phases: (1) Initially, 60 patients were interviewed to identify CF concerns. From this information a list of 23 concerns were recorded; (2) Eighty-three patients were interviewed to identify CF coping responses. For each concern, they were asked what they did or thought to ease the worry. A list of 24 coping strategies were recorded that formed a comprehensive set of items as to how people with CF act, feel and think about aspects of their disease; and (3) Further development and testing of the questionnaire involved 174 patients completing the measure. Four distinct ways of coping with CF were identified by factor analysis. These were termed optimistic acceptance, hopefulness, distraction and avoidance. The cronbach alpha coefficients were 0.74 (optimistic acceptance), 0.69 (hopefulness). 0.71 (distraction) and 0.76 (avoidance). To evaluate the relationship between coping and treatment adherence 60 patients completed the CF Coping Questionnaire and the Manchester Adult Cystic Fibrosis Compliance Questionnaire. RESULTS: Compared with patients who were non-adherent, those who were adherent scored higher on the optimistic acceptance scale (physiotherapy p < 0.05, enzymes p < 0.003, vitamins p < 0.05) and hopefulness scale (physiotherapy p < 0.002, enzymes p < 0.001). Those who were partially adherent reported using distraction as a way of coping to a greater extent than adherent or non-adherent patients (all p's < 0.05). Non-adherent patients used avoidance strategies to a greater extent than those who were adherent (physiotherapy p < 0.05, enzymes p < 0.04), although interestingly, adherence with exercise was associated with avoidant coping (p < 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The degree of adherence to treatments was influenced by a person's style of coping. The identification of effective coping strategies to aid both long-term psychological and clinical well-being should improve the management of non-adherence.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Examination of new environmental control applications.

The aim of this study was to examine the application of new Environmental Control Systems (ECSs) in the homes of users and caregivers. The research questions were: (1) Can new ECS applications improve the activities of daily living (ADL) of people with significant functional limitations who require personal assistance? (2) Can new ECS applications replace home services and lessen caregiver burden? To answer these questions, user satisfaction regarding ECS applications, impact on ADL, technical performance, and caregiver burden were examined. This collaborative investigation involving a local community health care center, a telephone monitoring service, an industrial partner, and a university research team used a case study approach. Five users with moderate cognitive problems or significant functional limitations who required personal assistance were chosen, along with their caregivers, for a 3-month in-home trial to test new ECS alternatives. The ECS in the study featured remote control functions (e.g., door lock release, outside intercom), specific verbal reminders (e.g., reminders to turn off stove elements), and automatic functions (e.g., night-lights in the bathroom and hallway). Information was collected in the users' homes with three standardized questionnaires and a company-designed questionnaire. The overall technical performance of the ECS was found to be in most cases moderately efficient. Participant satisfaction revealed that ECS alternatives needed improvement with respect to the service aspects such as follow-up services and repair/servicing. Caregiver burden was lessened for psychological aspects but not for physical tasks. Users seemed to have a positive perception of the impact of the ECS on many of their ADL. We learned six lessons from this 15-month case study, namely: (1) the use of remote control by people with moderate cognitive impairments was difficult; (2) verbal reminders were greatly appreciated; (3) the automatic ECS applications needed more adjustment; (4) reactions varied depending on the participant's perspective; (5) other assessment tools might have been better suited to mild cognitive problems; and (6) removal of a beneficial product at the conclusion of the evaluation phase raised ethical considerations.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1994

Test-retest reliability of a questionnaire that identifies elders at risk for hospital admission.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the test-retest reliability of a questionnaire designed to measure elderly persons' probability of repeated admission (P(ra)) to a hospital within 4 years. DESIGN: Participants received the test questionnaire by mail; respondents to the test questionnaire received the retest questionnaire 3 weeks later. PARTICIPANTS: Elderly (65+) community-dwelling enrollees in the Medical Assistance (Medicaid) program of Ramsey County, MN (n = 192). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The correlation (r) between the P(ra) values computed from the test-retest correlations (k) of the questionnaire's individual items were also measured. RESULTS: The response rate was 63% (121/192) for the test questionnaire and 69% (84/121) for the retest questionnaire. The test and retest values of P(ra) computed from responses to the questionnaires were highly correlated (r = 0.78, P < 0.0001). For the individual questionnaire items, the range of k values was 0.50-1.00 (P < 0.0001 for all items). Slightly higher values of r and k were obtained when the respondents were women and when the same person (either proxy or self) completed both questionnaires. Age was not consistently related to reliability. CONCLUSION: the test-retest reliability of individual items and of the computed P(ra) was high, suggesting that responses by elderly persons to mailed questionnaires pertaining to health status are stable over brief periods of time. The resulting P(ra) values may be useful in identifying elders at high risk for hospital admission.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Pilot study of records of shared care for people with mental illnesses.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate a record of shared care to be held by the patient designed to increase the effectiveness of long term care of patients with severe mental illness. DESIGN: Questionnaires completed by medical staff, community psychiatric nurse, and patients to evaluate the shared care record. SETTING: General practices, a psychiatric outpatient clinic, and a mental health resource centre in south east London. PATIENTS: 84 Patients held shared care records over an 18 month period. They were selected by general practitioners, a psychiatrist, or a community psychiatric nurse, the criterion being that their care was shared between the general practitioner and the psychiatrist or community psychiatric nurse. Patients who had been admitted to hospital several times with short remissions were excluded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their views on the acceptability, usefulness, and problems of the shared care record. A questionnaire for health staff was designed to identify patients for whom the shared care record was most and least appropriate. It also assessed the patients' compliance and the way the record affected communication between all concerned. RESULTS: Patients found the shared care records very acceptable and were enthusiastic about their use. They valued being consulted about what was recorded and found the record of their treatment and progress useful. Patients also thought that they were in a better position to challenge their doctor. Those least likely to comply were people with severe paranoia. The acceptability of the record to patients greatly exceeded that to the psychiatrists and nurse managers, none of whom were interested in using the record. Communication among health staff was greatly improved by the shared care record, and it facilitated the identification of potentially dangerous drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Shared care records were acceptable to patients with severe mental illnesses, increased the patients' autonomy, and improved communication and the effectiveness of shared care. Obstacles to further development of this approach relate to the attitudes, perceptions, and anxieties of the doctors, nurses, and managers and can be overcome.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Consumption of psychodrugs. Influence of family dysfunction].

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study is to know the prevalence of psychodrug consumption in Primary Health Care, related factors and influence of the family factor on this consumption. METHODS: Observational cross sectional study carried out in an urban Health Care Center. A total of 434 patients older than 14 years old, who are health care consumers, were included. They were selected by systematic sampling for 6 consecutives weeks. Psychodrugs consumption and related factors were measured by a questionnaire designed for this purpose. The questionnaire was filled out by personal interview and case history revision. Existence of family dysfunction was determined by self-applied Apgar-family questionnaire. RESULTS: Prevalence of psychodrugs consumption was 26% (95 % CI: 22-30). A total of 53% were benzodiazepines and 27% were antidepressants (73 % are SSRI). There was family dysfunction in 20 % of consumers and 12 % of non-consumers, which is a statistically significant difference (p<0.01). By logistic regression, being between 45-64 years old (OR: 3.18), or more than 65 years old (OR: 3.29), being female (OR: 2.2), being a housewife (OR: 3.07), having psychiatric background (OR: 15.2) and having important family dysfunction in the Apgar-family questionnaire (OR: 7.19) were the variables which appeared as associated with this consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of psychodrugs in Primary Health Care consumers is 26 %. Being 45 years old or more, female and housewife are possible factors which predict psychodrugs consumption. Psychiatric disease antecedents and having important family dysfunction are also associated independently. These should be kept in mind to improve medical prescription of these drugs in Primary Health Care.

Adolescent↗