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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cancer among blacks in Newark, New Jersey, 1970-1976: a national and international comparison.

Newark black men had age-adjusted cancer rates comparable to those of Washington, D. C., but lower than the other three American city blacks. Rates for Newark black women were generally similar to other American black women. American blacks, like those of Newark, had cancer rates higher than the African blacks in three out of four countries studied. Only blacks of Rhodesia had cancer experience like that of American blacks. Except for cancer of the cervix, the African blacks had generally lower rates compared to the American blacks for the ten sites investigated. However, high rates did occur for certain sites, e.g., esophagus and bladder cancers in Bulawayo, Rhodesia. Newark blacks also had higher rates for certain sites (prostate, lung, breast and cervix) compared to Washington, D. C., and certain other U. S. cities. Thus, the total risk of malignancies to develop among Newark blacks was no greater than that expected, based upon the four U. S. cities' experience.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Cancer risk in laboratory workers: an emphasis on biological research.

BACKGROUND: At the end of the 1980s, several cancer clusters were observed in biological research laboratories. Over time, biological research and the technologies used have been diverse and have involved a wide range of mutagenic or carcinogenic chemical, physical and biological agents. METHODS: We reviewed 45 published studies on cancer risk among biological research personnel and workers in closely related fields, and numerous reports based on routinely collected data. RESULTS: Biological research could be associated with an elevated risk for pancreatic cancer, brain tumors, and certain hemopathies. A common limitation of available studies was low statistical power and the absence or inaccuracy of data on individual past exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, this study suggests a low overall risk of cancer, albeit a higher risk may be suggested for cancers of the pancreas (risk ratios ranging from 0.5 to 6.3) and brain (0.7-9.4), and for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (0.6-51.5). We suggest ways in which multiple past exposures could be assessed more precisely and emphasize a pressing need to take into account known confounders.

Biological Science Disciplines↗
PubMed1999

Alcohol and cancer.

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Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1977

On the incidence of malignant tumors in routine autopsies.

The present study taken over a 12-year time period analyzes malignant tumors in a large number of autopsies, with specific consideration of the frequency and location, age and sex group distribution, and histologic classification of the tumors. The tumors were first evaluated in terms of specific organs and organ systems and were then histologically classified. On a total of 23338 subjects who died between the years 1960 and 1971, 17052 autopsies were carried out (73.1%) and only 15384 (65.9%) of these were evaluated for out study. Altogether we located 4911 cases of MT, i.e., 31.9% of the evaluated autopsies. The number of MT in the males slightly exceeded that in the females (2508[51.1%] MT and 2403 [48.9%] MT, respectively.) We calculated over 60% of the MT to be in the 7th and 8th age groups. By comparing the two time periods (1960-1965) and 1966-1971) we calculated a significant increase in the MT rate by 1.7%. This increase was found mainly to effect the males (the female group showed only a slight increase). The greatest number of MT were located in the digestive system with an MT rate of 26.2%; next came the urogenital system (23.4%) and then the respiratory system (18.7%). The respiratory system took first position of importance in the males with an MT rate of 30.3% followed by the digestive system with 27.4%. The urogenital system dominated in the females with a rate of 29.0%. The rate of MT of the respiratory system was significantly higher in the males...

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Intratracheal instillation of automobile exhaust condensate in Syrian golden hamsters.

Male Syrian golden hamsters were intratracheally instilled with automobile exhaust condensate at dose levels of 0.306, 0.613, 1.25, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/hamster once a fortnight for 78 weeks. While a total of six tumors were found in the trachea and lung, hamsters treated with the vehicle only showed no respiratory tract neoplasms. Bronchiogenic adenomatous proliferations and hyperplastic nodules in the lung occurred in all groups, with a significant difference in incidence being seen between the high-dose groups and the controls.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A 10-year incidence survey of respiratory cancer and a case-control study within a cohort of nickel mining and refining workers in New Caledonia.

The incidence of lung, pleural, nasal, larynx, and pharynx cancer in relation to work in the nickel mining and refining industry was studied from 1978 to 1987 in the male population of the French territory of New Caledonia in the South Pacific. The results showed no greater risk in the population of nickel workers than in the general male population. The incidence of respiratory cancer in New Caledonia was found to be comparable to that of industrialized countries, except for pleural cancer for which there was an excess risk in New Caledonia. A case-control study within the cohort of nickel industry workers comprised 80 lung cancer, 12 larynx cancer, 20 pharynx cancer cases, and 298 controls, and took account of 18 substances to which workers were exposed, five of them nickel compounds. None of the substances, or any other occupational variable, was shown to increase the risk of respiratory cancer, except for cancer of the larynx in relation to level and duration of exposure to dust and engine exhaust fumes on mining sites (odds ratios ranged from five to 5.4 and were significant). These results provide no evidence that exposures specific to the nickel industry in New Caledonia increase the risk of respiratory cancer. This might be due to the involvement of less airborne nickel than the amount observed in positive studies elsewhere. The high incidence of respiratory cancer in New Caledonia, compared with other South Pacific islands, might be attributable to an environmental risk connected with the presence of mineral fibers in the geologic strata, as well as to tobacco and alcohol consumption levels similar to those prevailing in France.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

Worldwide trends in cancer mortality in the elderly, 1955-1992.

Trends in age-standardised mortality for all cancers and 21 cancers or groups of cancers over the period 1955-1992 were analysed for 33 countries from four continents in a population aged 65-84 years. Mortality from all neoplasms in the elderly showed heterogeneous patterns in various countries and in the two sexes. Trends were generally more favourable for females than for males, reflecting essentially the earlier and more extensive impact of the lung cancer (and other tobacco-related neoplasms) epidemic in elderly males, in addition to the earlier decline of gastric cancer and a widespread decline of cervical cancer rates in females. In several countries, particularly from western Europe, but also Japan, cancer mortality trends were more favourable over the last two decades than in earlier calendar periods. Some countries of northern and central Europe (including Finland, Germany, Austria and Switzerland) showed stable or even downward trends over time for total cancer mortality in both sexes, particularly in males. This reflects the different patterns of the tobacco-related (lung) cancer epidemic in various countries, and the impact of a few other major neoplasms, including in particular the systematic downward trends in stomach cancer. In contrast, rates were moderately upwards in males in North America, and several countries of southern and eastern Europe, where cancer mortality in the elderly was comparatively low in the 1950s, showed appreciable upward trends, mostly in males. Thus, there was a generalised tendency towards a levelling of the differences in certified cancer mortality in the elderly population in various areas of the world. Although there are substantial limits and uncertainties in the reliability and validity of cancer death certification and their trends in the elderly, there is no widespread and generalised upward trend in cancer mortality, with a major exception of lung and other tobacco-related neoplasms. Furthermore, in several countries, cancer mortality trends over the last four decades have been favourable for elderly women.

Aged↗