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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Linguistic focus and good-enough representations: an application of the change-detection paradigm.

A number of lines of study suggest that word meanings are not always fully exploited in comprehension. In two experiments, we used a text-change paradigm to study depth of semantic processing during reading. Participants were instructed to detect words that changed across two consecutive presentations of short texts. The results suggest that the full details of word meanings are not always incorporated into the interpretation and that the degree of semantic detail in the representation is a function of linguistic focus. The results provide evidence for the idea that representations are only good enough for the purpose at hand (Ferreira, Bailey, & Ferraro, 2002).

Humans↗
PubMed2004

[Accuracy of intraocular pressure measurement using NCT after LASIK].

PURPOSE: To study the accuracy of the intraocular pressure (IOP) after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) with noncontact tonometer (NCT). METHODS: One hundred and eighty cases (256 eyes) myopias that had undergone LASIK were studied. IOP, corneal thickness and corneal curvature were measured before and after LASIK. The correlations were analyzed. RESULTS: The decrease of Iop using NCT was significantly obvious after LASIK (P < 0.001). One year after LASIK mean IOP drop was 6.54 +/- 2.1 mmHg. The reduction of IOP may be related to the decrease in corneal thickness and corneal curvature (P < 0.01). Regression equation for IOP drop (mmHg) = 0.355 + 0.0342X1 + 0.365X2 [X1 = decrease in corneal curvature (D), X2 = ablation depth (microm)] CONCLUSIONS: The IOP readings after LASIK were lower than the real IOP values. IOP readings after LASIK were influenced by corneal thickness and refraction degree.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Burn depth estimation--man or machine.

A Burn Depth Indicator, utilizing reflectance ratios of red, green, and infrared light, has been devised and clinically tested for 18 months at our Burn Center. Using the endpoint of wound healing in less than or more than 3 weeks, clinical assessment by two experienced surgeons of intermediate depth wounds was compared to readings from the BDI . In about one third of cases the surgeons were unwilling to commit themselves to a prediction. In the cases where the surgeons were willing to make a prediction, they were incorrect about 25% of the time. The BDI was significantly more accurate than the clinical assessment in those predicted not to heal by the surgeons and maintained an accuracy of 79% in the wounds where the surgeons would not make a prediction. The BDI is portable, noninvasive, and provides an immediate reading. It may have utility as a triage tool for emergency rooms or combat situations, and has utility at present in our Burn Center as a more accurate tool than our clinical judgment in predicting which wounds should be excised and grafted during the first few days after injury.

Burns↗
PubMed1981

Suicide and depressive illness.

In this paper 7 cases of patients suffering from depressive illness who finally committed suicide were illustrated. It is hoped that by reading the cases illustrated in depth a better understanding of the thinking, suffering and psychodynamics of depression and suicidal behaviour can be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Musical alexia for rhythm notation: a discrepancy between pitch and rhythm.

In the process of reading music, the reading of rhythm and pitch might be differentiated, although there is no evidence of this to date. There have been cases of disorders restricted to the reading of pitch, but none in which the disorder has been restricted to the reading of rhythm. We present a case of musical alexia and agraphia with Wernicke's aphasia. An in-depth assessment of the subject's musical reading ability showed that her musical alexia was restricted to unfamiliar melodies. When a melody was divided into rhythm elements and pitch elements, pitch reading was preserved, but rhythm reading was severely disturbed. This is the first case reported of a disorder restricted to rhythm reading, and suggests the independence of rhythm reading and pitch reading.

Aphasia, Wernicke↗
PubMed2005

Standardization for image characteristics in telemammography using genetic and nonlinear algorithms.

As the soft copy reading and computer assisted diagnosis (CAD) in mammography become more and more important, the standardization of digital images becomes paramount. Telemammography and telemedicine requires the standardization for image characteristics, such as image resolution, bit-depth and intensity response. Soft copy reading and CAD in mammography are both dependent on the characteristics of the source of the digital data, either direct digital mammography or digitized screen-film mammography. An algorithm developed on images from one database may not perform well as on images from another database (with a different digitization). In this paper, we describe two methods based on a genetic algorithm and a nonlinear algorithm for standardization of digitized and digital mammography. The proposed standardization techniques are based on geometric and intensity transformations that are discovered using a set of calibration images. A set of transformation algorithm is used to search for the best standardization.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2025

Blended Length Genome Sequencing (blend-seq): Combining Short Reads with Low-Coverage Long Reads to Maximize Variant Discovery.

We introduce blend-seq, a workflow for combining data from traditional short-read sequencing pipelines with low-coverage long reads, to improve variant discovery for single samples without the full cost of high-coverage long reads. We demonstrate that with only 4x long-read coverage augmenting 30x short reads, we can improve SNP discovery across the genome, exceeding performance beyond even high-coverage short reads (60x). For genotype-agnostic discovery of structural variants, we see a threefold improvement in recall while maintaining precision by using the low-coverage long reads on their own, and show how we can improve genotyping accuracy by adding in the short-read data. In addition, we demonstrate how the long reads can better phase these variants, incorporating long-context information in the genome to substantially outperform phasing with short reads alone. Our experiments highlight the complementary nature of short- and long-read technologies: the former contributing higher depth for genotyping and the latter better resolution of larger events or those in difficult regions.

cost optimization↗
PubMed1979

Anterior segment abnormalities in cicatricial retinopathy of prematurity.

Abnormalities that occur in the anterior segments of patients with retinopathy of prematurity have been studied in 72 eyes of 36 patients. The anterior chamber depth, the placido disc image on the cornea, the distortion of polarized light by corneal stress, and keratometry readings were recorded. There was a highly significant correlation between anterior chamber depth, retinopathy of prematurity, and keratometry readings (p less than .001). These findings emphasize the importance of careful follow-up examinations of the anterior segment in retinopathy of prematurity because cataracts, band keratopathy, acute hydrops, and angle-closure glaucoma can progressively occur as complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Clinical usefulness of the bispectral index for titrating propofol target effect-site concentration.

The bispectral index, a new processed electroencephalographic parameter which may give information on depth of anaesthesia, was used in 58 patients undergoing outpatient gynaecological surgery in order to study if the addition of bispectral index monitoring to standard clinical monitoring could improve the titration of target propofol concentration when using effect-site target-controlled propofol infusion for sedation. In Group 1 (n = 30), the bispectral index was recorded but the anaesthetist was unaware of the readings and therefore only classical signs of depth of anaesthesia were used to guide the anaesthetist in controlling the effect-site concentration. In Group 2 (n = 28), bispectral index readings were available to the anaesthetist and effect-site concentration was adjusted to ensure that bispectral index was maintained between 40 and 60. Similar propofol induction and maintenance doses, blood and effect-site concentrations and mean bispectral index were found in the two groups. A greater percentage of bispectral index readings lying outside the target range (i.e. < 40 or > 60) and more movement at incision and during maintenance were found in Group 1. There was a trend towards more implicit awareness in patients in Group 1. Bispectral index was found to be useful for measuring depth of sedation when using propofol target-controlled infusion. Propofol dosage could not be decreased but a more consistent level of sedation could be maintained due to a more satisfactory titration of target effect-site concentration.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

The pulse in reflectance pulse oximetry: modeling and experimental studies.

OBJECTIVE: Reflectance pulse oximetry permits the use of alternative monitoring sites such as the face or torso, and is the approach commonly employed in fetal pulse oximetry systems. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of assumptions about the nature of arterial pulsatility on the calibration of such systems. METHODS: Monte Carlo simulations of reflectance pulse oximetry were run on a six-layer tissue model, varying depth and magnitude of the arterial pulse. SpO2 readings on and off the femoral artery obtained during desaturation studies in newborn piglets were compared to predictions. Results. Monte Carlo simulation results clarified the difference between deep and shallow pulsatility found with photon diffusion models, agreeing with earlier in vivo observations. Significant overestimation of SpO2 <75% and slight underestimation >75% is expected if a sensor is placed on a highly pulsatile site. The on- and off-artery SpO2 readings recorded during desaturation in the newborn piglet follow the model predictions. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity of reflectance pulse oximetry calibration to the depth and magnitude of arterial pulsatility reinforces the observation that monitoring site selection is of importance in optimizing reflectance pulse oximetry performance, particularly fetal pulse oximetry. Sites with palpable pulsatility should be avoided.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Anopheline breeding in river bed pools below major dams in Sri Lanka.

Anopheline mosquito larval surveys were carried out from September 2000 to August 2002 in Mahaweli and Kelani river beds, below five major dams in the wet and intermediate zones of Sri Lanka, to study the prevalence of anopheline species in these areas. In each study site, all permanent and semi-permanent pools were surveyed fortnightly by dipping at 6 dips/m(2) surface area of water. Larvae were collected in separate containers, staged and identified at their third and fourth stages. During each survey, the surface area and depth of pools were recorded and each reading was considered as an individual observation. River bed pools below the dams contained stagnant clean water with a little or no aquatic vegetation. The majority of pools were < or =1m(2) in surface area and < or =75 cm in depth. Anopheline mosquito breeding was seen throughout the year in each study site. The average percentage of pools positive for anopheline larvae, the number of larvae per 100 pools and 100 dips were 14.85%, 32.34 and 9.29, respectively. Thirteen anopheline species, including 10 potential vectors, namely, An. barbirostris, An. culicifacies, An. jamesii, An. maculatus, An. nigerrimus, An. peditaeniatus, An. subpictus, An. tessellatus, An. vagus and An. varuna were found breeding in the river bed pools.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

TPMM: three-component posterior mixture model enables robust inverton detection in low-depth metagenomes and suggests potential viral invertons.

SUMMARY: Bacterial phase variation enables reversible, locus-specific phenotypic switching, often driven by DNA inversion (invertons). To identify these events, researchers commonly rely on sequencing reads that provide orientation-specific support. Metagenomic sequencing, which captures total genetic material independent of cultivation, offers a powerful platform for the comprehensive study of invertons. However, computational inverton calling from metagenomic data is difficult at low sequencing depth: hard read-support cutoffs can miss true events, while sequence-only predictors lack read-backed interpretability and uncertainty quantification. To address this, we present TPMM, a three-component posterior mixture model for inverton calling in metagenomic data. TPMM explicitly incorporates sequencing depth to formulate inverton detection as a probabilistic mixture problem. Starting from candidates flanked by inverted repeats, the model classifies the candidates into noise, low-probability, or high-probability inversion signals using read evidence. Finally, TPMM assigns posterior probabilities as soft labels and applies cumulative Bayesian False Discovery Rate control to robustly identify true invertons. On two real gut metagenomic datasets, TPMM agrees well with PhaseFinder at high depth but recovers substantially more invertons under systematic downsampling, demonstrating superior performance in sparse-data regimes. We further examine potential reversible inversion elements in viral genomes and provide supporting analyses, suggesting a broader scope for inversion-mediated regulation. AVAILABILITY: The source code of TPMM is available via: https://github.com/KennyxxD/TPMM.

Metagenomics↗
PubMed1982

Preliminary results and complications of radial keratotomy.

We preformed radial keratotomy for myopia on 126 eyes of 102 patients. We observed as much as 12 diopters of early postoperative refractive corneal flattening, but a mean of only 5.16 diopters of refractive change can be expected after one year. Among the many complications observed were corneal scarring, an endothelial cell loss of 220 cells/mm2 (6.9%), epithelial ingrowth in 18 eyes (14%), corneal vascularization in one of 126 patients (1%), pain, Cogan's corneal dystrophy, overcorrections in 18 patients (14%), anisometropia, perforations of the anterior chamber in 12 patients (10%), iatrogenic astigmatism, corticosteroid glaucoma, night glare in 99 patients (79%), and fluctuating vision in 95 (75%). We studied the following factors to determine if they had predictive value: the patient's age, diopters of myopia, corneal diameter, corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, axial length, scleral rigidity, keratometric readings, and the size of the optical zone. We found that no preoperative factor can be used to estimate precisely the postoperative result. The only consistent variable was the size of the optical zone. The smaller the optical zone, the larger the refractive change. This lack of predictability is the most serious shortcoming of radial keratotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Measurement of the diffusion of liquids into dental restorative resins by stray-field nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (STRAFI).

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the diffusion mechanism for water/ethanol mixtures in a diacrylate dental resin by direct observation of the absorbed liquid profiles using NMR microimaging. METHODS: Frequency-swept stray-field magnetic resonance imaging (STRAFI) was used. Solutions containing 25-65% by volume ethanol remained in contact with visible light cured 54% TEGDMA: 46% modified TUDMA sheets while measurements were made. The diffusion profiles were recorded periodically for diffusion times up to 10 h, to a depth of 360 microm and with readings taken at 24 microm intervals. RESULTS: For all liquid mixtures, diffusion was found to be Fickian with coefficients that increased progressively and smoothly with alcohol content in the diffusing mixture, from 2.4 x 10(-13) to 150 x 10(-13) m2 s(-1). A rule of mixtures approach, as suggested by Kwei and Zupko, gave a satisfactory description of the ethanol fraction dependence of the diffusivity. SIGNIFICANCE: Frequency-swept STRAFI offers a new and unique opportunity to produce spatially resolved measurements of the liquids in dental resins to high resolution. In this study, absorption was investigated since an understanding of its mechanism is fundamental to limiting consequent environmental degradation. STRAFI has great potential for other applications, for example drying, liquid exchange, etc. Since STRAFI can discriminate 1H in the liquid from those in softened polymer additional applications are envisaged.

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1982

[Application and results of biometry of the eye in implantation of intraocular lenses].

Before extracapsular cataract surgery with implantation of a Binkhorst four-loop lens, keratometric readings were taken and anterior chamber depth was measured with a pachometer in 52 patients. The axial eye length was determined with A-scan echography using the Kretz technique 7200 MA unit with a 8 MHz probe and the immersion technique. The biometric control after surgery showed no change in the spherical equivalent of keratometric values. The mean anterior chamber depth was 3.19 mm (+/- 0.3 mm). No systematic correlation between anterior chamber depth before and after surgery was found. The dependence of the change in anterior chamber depth (DVK) on the cataract thickness (L) is described by the linear regression DVK = 2.22 mm - 0.47 L with a correlation coefficient as low as 0.68. The remaining refractive error after lens implantation, established by subjective testing, was compared with the calculated values. The calculated lenses were found to be more minus than the corrections required by the patients. We conclude that the calculated lens powers had been overestimated and were therefore myopizing in relation with the established length. If postoperative emmetropia had been aimed at on the basis of biometric data and conventional calculations, however, weaker lens powers would have been chosen with postoperative hypermetropia resulting.

Anterior Chamber↗
PubMed2003

A study of the Bispectral Index Monitor during procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: The Bispectral Index Monitor has been validated as an objective measure of sedation depth in the operating room; however, its value for states other than general anesthesia remains unclear. We hypothesized that bispectral index monitoring would reliably correlate with traditional definitions of sedation depth in emergency department patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia. METHODS: In this prospective observational study we measured the Bispectral Index score and a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score every 5 minutes in a convenience sample of adult ED patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia. Investigators and treating physicians were blinded to Bispectral Index scores, which were later correlated with modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores. We constructed receiver operating characteristic curves to determine the most discriminatory Bispectral Index score thresholds for sedation depth. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy paired readings were obtained from 37 patients. Despite being statistically significant (P <.0005), the correlation between the Bispectral Index Monitor and modified Ramsay Sedation Scale scores was only moderate (Spearman rho=-0.690) and displayed wide variability. A modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with mild-to-moderate sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 34 (general anesthesia) to 98 (fully awake), whereas a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score consistent with deep sedation corresponded to Bispectral Index scores of 40 to 98. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves demonstrated moderate (0.83 to 0.86) discriminatory power at all modified Ramsay Sedation Scale thresholds, with the exception of a modified Ramsay Sedation Scale score of 7 or less, which demonstrated high discriminatory power (0.95). A Bispectral Index score of greater than 83 reliably excluded general anesthesia, and a Bispectral Index score of 70 or less reliably identified general anesthesia. CONCLUSION: Bispectral index monitoring reliably predicted patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia who were sedated to the point of general anesthesia from those with lesser degrees of sedation but did not discriminate mild-to-moderate sedation or moderate-to-deep sedation, as measured by the Ramsay Sedation Scale score for the patients undergoing procedural sedation and analgesia in our ED.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of a relaxation technique on the lipid profile.

The purpose of this research was to test the effect of a relaxation technique on blood lipid levels. Sixty outpatient males with known hyperlipidemia were recruited to the study. All participants were stabilized on an American Heart Association Step I diet for 8 weeks. After stabilization, participants were randomly assigned to relaxation or reading groups and received in-depth follow-up and support over another 8-week period. Monthly follow-up continued for an additional 8 months. Although both groups demonstrated decreased weight, total cholesterol, and triglycerides, no group differences were detected over time. This suggests that relaxation training may not be an effective technique for long-term clinical management of clients with dyslipidemias.

Adult↗