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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Bioethical aspects of regenerative and reproductive medicine.

The birth announced in 1997 of Dolly, the lamb cloned from the somatic mammary cells of an adult ewe, and the discovery of human embryonic stem cells in 1998 have been the most exciting developments in the biological sciences in the past decade. Reproductive somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in additional species has been inefficient in that relatively few births, harmful side effects and high fetal and neonatal death rates have resulted from many attempts. Ongoing debates about the ethics of reproductive SCNT have revealed that some researchers regard human reproductive SCNT as morally unacceptable in all circumstances, others see merit in reproductive SCNT in certain circumstances and others await more information before making judgment about the ethical status of the procedure. Regenerative medicine and emerging biotechnologies started to revolutionize the practice of medicine. Advances in stem cell biology, including embryonic and postnatal somatic stem cells, have made the prospect of tissue regeneration a potential reality. Mammal cloning experiments have provided new impetus to the prospect of regenerative medicine through stem cell research. The procedure of SCNT could be used to create the raw material to replace defective or senescent tissue as a natural extension of the biology of stem cells. Researchers working in reproductive medicine should consider the potential hope given to many patients against the requisite and ethically contentious creation of human blastocysts for therapeutic intent.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Assisted reproductive medicine: current Islamic bioethical rules.

The advances and wide availability of assisted reproductive techniques represent the dramatic changes that have occurred in infertility treatment and in attitudes towards the different options faced by both physicians and patients. It is a human right that individuals can freely choose reproductive options. Though reproductive choice is basically a personal decision, yet it is not totally so. Islam is a comprehensive system that regulates the spiritual as well as civil aspects of individual and communal life. It aims to develop the unique personality of the individual and a distinct culture for the community based on Islamic ideals and values. The basic concept of Islam is to avoid mixing genes as Islam enjoins the purity of genes and heredity.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMed1997

[Is the anti-selection initiative in reproductive medicine anti-biological?].

The human reproduction has the monotocial element of K strategy (nidifungous) with mature newborn mammals and also of the r strategy (nidiculous) with immature mammals. There are questions about "contra naturam" antiselective practice in the treatment of extremely premature newborns. Allometric equations were calculated form 93 species of mammals: Mneo = 0.03374 M0.946 and Gt = 68.536 M0.225 (Mneo is the body weight of newborns in kg, M is the body weight of the female in kg and Gt is the gestational period in days). According to these allometric equations the birthweight of newborns is from 1100 g to 1600 g and gestational age is from 22.4-24.5 weeks of gestation. The data from comparative zoology are in conformity with requirements of neonatologists to receive prematurity without further intra intrauterine pathologies. The postnatal care taken after extremely premature newborns replaces adaptive mechanisms which are present in immature mammalian newborns of r strategy. The neonatological practice has decreased the viability level to 24 weeks of gestation during the last 20 years. Further lowering to 22 weeks is possible in the near future.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1996

[Parenthood and child development after reproduction medicine treatment. Psychosomatic follow-up of 46 parents after assisted reproduction].

On the basis of a longitudinal study on "parenthood and child development after successful conception by IVF" in which 46 couples with 64 children born after reproductive medical treatment (IVF or ICSI) were followed up for three years, we now discuss several aspects of the psychological situation of those involved. Reference is made to the characteristics of the "structure" of the couples, their attitude towards the treatment, their experience of the pregnancy, features of child development and of the parent-child relationship, as well as to the prevailing psychological strategies of the couples for coping with the stresses and risks of assisted fertilization. Preliminary results show that during the course of treatment and following the birth of the children, the partnerships remained stable, and that relationships between family members are, for the most part, developing favorably.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Proteomics in reproductive medicine: the technology for separation and identification of proteins.

With the near completion of the human genome project, reproductive biology is poised to enter the vastly more complex arena of proteomics. Proteomics involves the identification, characterization and quantitation of all proteins present in a cell at a particular metabolic state. Although the number of genes in the human genome is estimated to be about 27,000 +/- 5000, the number of proteins produced by humans is unknown, with estimates ranging as high as 1,500,000 distinct molecular entities. In order to address problems in the early stages of reproduction, proteomics must be scaled down to work with very few numbers of cells, termed zeptoproteomics. Mass spectrometry has rapidly become the key technology in proteomics, enabling rapid and facile identification and quantitation of femtomole and attomole quantities of a protein.

Chromatography, Affinity↗