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Results for “Retinal Detachment”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Primary vitrectomy with perfluoro-n-octane use in the treatment of pseudophakic retinal detachment with undetected retinal breaks.

PURPOSE: This report describes the results of a prospective trial to evaluate the efficacy of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in conjunction with perfluoro-n-octane (PFO) as initial treatment of pseudophakic retinal detachment (RD) with no breaks diagnosed preoperatively. METHODS: Fourteen consecutive eyes presenting with pseudophakic RD in which retinal breaks could not be identified preoperatively underwent primary PPV, internal microsurgical identification of the retinal breaks with endoillumination and noncontact wide angle viewing system, PFO retinal reattachment, transscleral cryopexy or endolaser treatment of breaks, PFO-air exchange, and final injection of 20% sulfur hexafluoride. In five eyes, a scleral buckle was also used. Mean follow-up period was 18 months. RESULTS: In 13 of the 14 eyes in which no breaks had been identified preoperatively, breaks were diagnosed during surgery. Perfluoro-n-octane retinal attachment facilitated accurate microscopic treatment of retinal breaks. The retina was reattached with a single operation in all eyes. Eleven eyes had final visual acuity of 20/60 or better. Complications were minimal. CONCLUSIONS: Pars plana vitrectomy in conjunction with PFO expression of subretinal fluid is effective in the initial treatment of pseudophakic RD with no preoperative diagnosis of retinal breaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments with cytomegalovirus retinitis.

The most important ocular opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS is cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Management of CMV retinitis has become complex, as the life expectancy of many patients has increased exponentially. Most retinal detachments in CMV retinitis are rhegmatogenous in nature. Because of atrophic changes in the retina and alterations in the vitreous, surgical management of these detachments leads to a stepladder approach. Options include laser demarcation, scleral buckle, and vitrectomy with silicone oil. In some patients, a combination of all three procedures may be necessary. Management in all cases should be individualized, with the realization that failure of retinal reattachment may occur.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1994

Retinal detachment with atopic dermatitis similar to traumatic retinal detachment.

PURPOSE: The cause of retinal detachment (RD) with atopic dermatitis remains uncertain. The purpose of this study is to show that the probable cause of RD with atopic dermatitis is ocular contusion. METHODS: The authors retrospectively compared the fundus findings of 24 eyes (16 patients) that had RD and atopic dermatitis with 36 eyes (36 patients) that had traumatic RD. RESULTS: The authors found similar characteristics. Retinal breaks at vitreous base borders characterized by ocular contusion occurred in 79.2% of eyes with RD and atopic dermatitis and in 75.0% of eyes with traumatic RD. Irregular retinal traumatic breaks in the equatorial zone occurred in 20.8% of eyes with RD and atopic dermatitis and in 47.2% of eyes with traumatic RD. Objective signs of ocular contusion outside the retina appeared in 54.2% of eyes with RD and atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' data support the conclusion that self-inflected ocular contusion by tapping the eyes can cause RD with atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Retinal detachment and giant retinal tears in aniridia.

Clinical findings in aniridia may include corneal epitheliopathy, glaucoma, lens subluxation and cataract, and hypoplasia of the fovea and optic nerve. We report the occurrence of retinal detachment due to giant tears in four eyes of three children with aniridia. All eyes were buphthalmic and none had undergone lens or posterior segment surgery. All operated eyes underwent vitreolensectomy and silicone oil injection; useful vision was restored in two eyes. The pathogenesis and management of this previously unreported complication are discussed.

Aniridia↗
PubMed1979

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment complicating cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Six eyes in four patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis developed retinal holes and retinal detachment. Holes appeared in areas of necrosis and were typically large and round with shaggy edges. Differentiation from exudative detachment was sometimes difficult because of obscuration of the fundus by vitreous haze. Cryotherapy was successful in closing open breaks without detachment; cryotherapy and exoplant surgery were used effectively to treat the initial detachments. The occurrence of massive periretinal proliferation and late development of new areas of hole formation or retinitis complicated therapy for these detachments.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Retinal detachment risk in cytomegalovirus retinitis related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the incidence of retinal detachment in patients treated with the ganciclovir implant compared with those treated using systemic therapy only, among 511 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and to describe the influence of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on retinal detachment incidence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis at 1 center were followed up prospectively from CMV retinitis diagnosis for incidence of retinal detachment. Patient- and eye-specific data regarding demographic and clinical characteristics were collected at the time of CMV retinitis diagnosis. Use of anti-CMV and antiretroviral treatments and the development of an immunologic response to HAART during follow-up were recorded. RESULTS: No significant difference in the rate of retinal detachment was found between eyes treated with systemic therapy only and those treated with ganciclovir implants, whether used as primary therapy or subsequent to using systemic anti-CMV therapy. The use of HAART was associated with a 60% reduction in retinal detachment rate (P<.001), with the greatest benefit observed among patients who developed an immunologic response to HAART. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no substantial excess risk of retinal detachment when patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis are treated with ganciclovir implants as opposed to systemic anti-CMV therapy only. However, the use of HAART in these patients appears to reduce the risk of retinal detachment substantially.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

-Choroidal detachment associated with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a risk factor for postoperative PVR?.

PURPOSE: To determine whether preoperative choroidal detachment associated with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is an independent risk factor for postoperative PVR. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred eighty nine primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in 187 consecutive patients, initially operated on by the same surgeon, were enrolled in a prospective study. Ten eyes showed preoperative choroidal detachment associated with retinal detachment. Owing to the small number of eyes with preoperative choroidal detachment, we conducted the statistical analysis using the calculation of relative risk. RESULTS: The correlation between preoperative choroidal detachment and preoperative PVR grade C-D was statistically significant (RR: 9.03; confidence interval: 2.91-28). Postoperative PVR occurred, or recurred, in one of the 10 eyes with preoperative choroidal detachment (10%), and 10 of the 179 eyes with no choroidal detachment (5.58%). The difference between the two groups is not statistically significant (RR: 1.79; confidence interval: 0.25-12.64). All eyes which developed postoperative PVR showed one or two recognized independent risk factors for postoperative PVR (preoperative PVR grade C-D and/or retinal tears > or = 90 degrees). CONCLUSION: With the treatment modalities used in the present series (preoperative and postoperative steroids, and vitreoretinal microsurgery) preoperative choroidal detachment associated with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment no longer appears to be an independent risk factor for postoperative PVR.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Bilateral retinal detachment following cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Bilateral retinal detachments developed in a renal allograft patient several months after the onset of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Laser photocoagulation was used to limit the posterior extent of one detachment until the detachment was surgically repaired. The thinned, atrophic retina that results from the necrotizing retinitis makes localization of retinal holes difficult and, in this case, contributed to the initial impression that these detachments were nonrhegmatogenous in origin.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed2001

Subclinical retinal detachment resulting from asymptomatic retinal breaks: prognosis for progression and regression.

PURPOSE: To give a more accurate epidemiologic description of subclinical retinal detachments and to learn their prognosis. DESIGN: Prospective, natural history cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: Seventeen patients, with 19 eyes involved with 22 separate areas of subclinical retinal detachment (SCRD). Ages at initial diagnosis ranged between 14 and 67 years. METHODS: Periodic retinal examinations over follow-up periods of between 8 months and >33 years, using indirect ophthalmoscopy and scleral indentation, and sometimes slit-lamp vitreous examinations with Goldmann lens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Documentation with written descriptions and drawings of lesions and estimation of size and dimensions. RESULTS: The rate of progression to clinical retinal detachment (CRD), which involved 11% of eyes (2 of 18), was found to be exactly equal to the likelihood of spontaneous regression and disappearance, also found in 11% (2 of 18), without any treatment. The calculated incidence rate of progression to CRD was 0.008 (<1% per year). Also, myopic females were found to have a 4.7-times greater risk of subclinical retinal detachment developing than were males, P = 0.036. All of these findings are reported for the first time in the ophthalmic literature. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with symptomatic clinical retinal detachment, SCRD is much less threatening to the vision and the health of the eye. Therefore, SCRD does not require or justify routine treatment but should be reexamined at regular annual intervals or more frequently if changes are observed. If it definitely progresses to CRD, surgical treatment is justified.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Clinical features and surgical management of retinal detachment secondary to round retinal holes.

AIMS: The majority of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments result from pathological posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) and secondary horseshoe or giant retinal tears. Retinal detachment without PVD is usually associated with either retinal dialysis or round retinal holes. This study characterises the features, surgical outcome, and incidence of bilateral involvement of detachment associated with round retinal holes. METHODS: In all, 110 retinal detachments from 96 consecutive patients with retinal detachment secondary to round retinal holes were studied. Analysis of patient age, sex, refraction, preoperative visual acuity, presented symptoms, position and extent of detachment, number and distribution of holes present, posterior hyaloid membrane status, surgical management, outcome of surgery, and postoperative visual acuity were studied. RESULTS: The mean age for patients was 34 years with a marked female preponderance (64%) and myopia (83%). The posterior hyaloid membrane remained attached in 95 eyes (86%). In all, 45% patients had bilateral pathology, of which 33% had 'mirror image' distribution. Detachments were predominantly shallow (93%) and slow in progression (17%). A total of 100 detachments were repaired with cryotherapy and scleral buckling, eight with cryotherapy alone, and one with laser retinopexy. In all, 99% detachments were successfully reattached with a single procedure. The mean follow-up period was 2 years. There were no instances of redetachment. CONCLUSIONS: Round hole detachments are slowly evolving detachments with attached vitreous gel in young, predominantly female myopes. Examination of the fellow eye should be mandatory as there is a high incidence of bilateral pathology. Scleral buckling procedures remained highly effective in this selected group of patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Vitrectomy for retinal detachments with both peripheral retinal breaks and macular holes. An assessment of outcome and the status of the macular hole.

PURPOSE: To establish the effectiveness of vitrectomy and gas tamponade for treating retinal detachments due to peripheral retinal breaks with an associated macular hole and to discover the status of the macular hole at long-term follow-up. METHODS: Twenty-three consecutive patients with combined peripheral break and macular hole retinal detachments were treated by pars plana vitrectomy. The main outcome measures were reattachment of the retina and status of the macular hole. RESULTS: Seventy-eight percent of the operations were successful in reattaching the retina initially, improving to 87% after two patients had another operation. Three patients declined further surgery. Long-term follow-up of macular hole status was possible in 16 cases. Closure rate was 31%. CONCLUSION: Pars plana vitrectomy with gas tamponade is an effective method of treating this form of retinal detachment. Some macular holes close after this surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Bullous retinal detachment in diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy.

Central serous choroidopathy can occur in an atypical, severe clinical expression also known as diffuse retinal pigment epitheliopathy. We report two cases in which this affection was complicated by a bullous retinal detachment of the lower quadrants. In one case the subretinal leaking point was photocoagulated. The evolution was favourable in both cases with resolution of the detachment and partial recovery of the visual acuity.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Surgical repair of retinal detachment secondary to cytomegalovirus retinitis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to determine preoperative predictors of postoperative visual acuity in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis and retinal detachment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study design was a retrospective chart review of 38 eyes in 33 patients with AIDS and CMV retinitis who had retinal reattachment surgery by pars plana vitrectomy with the use of silicone oil tamponade. Factors considered included: preoperative visual acuity, macular attachment status and CMV activity at the time of surgery, and length of time from diagnosis of retinal detachment to surgical repair. RESULTS: Retinal reattachment was achieved in 37 of 38 eyes. Mean interval from surgery to best corrected visual acuity (VA) was 9 weeks. The mean best corrected post-op VA was 20/70. Approximately half of the patients died within 7 months of the surgery. There was good correlation between preoperative VA and best attained postoperative VA (Spearman's: r = 0.5139, P = 0.001). The interval from retinal detachment to surgery, and best attained postoperative VA did not correlate (Spearman's: r = 0.2339, P=0.158). The lack of macular CMV retinitis correlated well with postoperative VA (P = 0.0066, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative visual acuity and macular attachment status correlates with better postoperative visual acuity results, whereas early surgical repair of retinal detachment does not.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1977

Clinical classification and quantitative surgery of retinal detachment.

Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were divided into four groups according to the location of the retinal breaks. The periphery group which had retinal breaks between the line of 17-19 mm from the limbus and the posterior margin of the vitreous base comprised about three quarters of the total rhegmatogenic retinal detachments. Lattice degeneration was the most important causal lesion of retinal breaks in this group. The periphery group was subdivided into the peripheral hole and the peripheral tear subgroup. The former was typical of young myopes, and the latter of elderly pwople suffering from posterior vitreous detachment. For treatment, the eyes of the periphery group could be classified according to the amount of subretinal fluid residue which was estimated after 24-48 h bed rest with binocular bandages. The quantitative surgery was planned and performed and the amount of eyeball volume lessened by the operation was equalized with the volume of subretinal fluid residue.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Advantages and complications of non-drainage of subretinal fluid in detached retinal surgery].

Analysis of the results of 63 retinal detachments operated without drainage of the subretinal fluid. Three surgical techniques were used: scleral in folding, scleral pocket or extra scleral implants. Research of the factors which favoured the reabsorbtion of fluid. The cases who presented a particularly slow and late reabsorbtion of fluid were discussed and the different complications reviewed.

Absorption↗