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PubMed1975

Salivary gland neoplasms following atomic radiation: additional cases and reanalysis of combined data in a fixed population, 1957-1970.

A reappraisal was made of the relationship between exposure to atomic radiation in 1945 and the occurrence of salivary gland tumors in heavily exposed survivors. This was made possible by the discovery of 8 additional patients; the total now reported consists of 30 cases. In those exposed to 300+ rads, the number of cases was significantly (p less than .01) greater than expected. This was found for the combined group and for malignant types, but not for histologically benign tumors. Our prior conclusion regarding the high-dose radiation effect upon salivary gland neoplasia remains unchanged in the reanalysis; however, our suggestion that younger persons were at significantly greater risk is weakened.

Adenoma, Pleomorphic↗
PubMed1990

Histopathologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms: II. Acinic cell carcinomas.

Acinic cell carcinomas display varied cytoarchitectural patterns of growth that should allow for formulation of histopathologic grading. Grading of these carcinomas may serve to identify subsets whose biologic behavior is more aggressive than the usually accepted low-grade behavior of acinic cell carcinomas as a group. To that end, a three-level histopathologic grading scheme is presented.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Histopathologic grading of salivary gland neoplasms: III. Adenoid cystic carcinomas.

Histopathologic grading of adenoid cystic carcinomas can provide valuable prognostic information, particularly when the presence or absence of a solid growth architecture is noted. Other growth patterns, exemplified by a tubuloductal or cribriform-cylindromatous differentiation, are associated with a more protracted biologic course and less rapid mortality. A three-tiered grading system based on the three growth patterns of the carcinoma is presented.

Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic↗
PubMed2004

Primary intraosseous (central) salivary gland neoplasms in jaw bones: report of a mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

A case of intraosseous (central) mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the mandible diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology, with the diagnosis confirmed by surgical resection of the tumor is presented. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common histotype of malignant and benign salivary gland tumors, which occasionally arise within the facial bones of mandible and maxilla, besides their ordinary derivation from the major and minor salivary glands of the head and neck regions. This case is unusual in that although tumors of the jaws abound, only rare reports of intraosseous salivary gland-type lesions sampled by FNA exist. The current concepts exploring the intraosseous derivation of salivary gland tumors are presented and certain points on FNA technic for adequate sampling of such lesions are related.

Biopsy, Fine-Needle↗
PubMed1996

Bcl-2 immunoreactivity in salivary gland neoplasms is unrelated to the expression of mRNA for natural killer cell stimulatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-12.

Certain cytokines are involved in the generation of natural killer (NK) cells and participate in the regulation of the proto-oncogene bcl-2. We aimed to study the mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4 and IL-5, the composition of the tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and the expression of bcl-2 in 14 benign and malignant human parotid tumours. T IL were predominantly composed of T lymphocytes and NK cells. We found evidence for the homing of T cells, and for generation of NK cells in the vicinity of the tumours. mRNA for IL-2 and IL-12, were identified but IL-4 mRNA was not found. The cytokine profiles and the composition of TIL of the two tumour categories were indistinguishable, suggesting that these host-response variables do not explain the differences in biological behaviour of these particular tumours. The results support a shift towards Th 1 (T helper 1) cells and interferon-gamma production, and that IL-12 also in vivo may play an important role in the regulatory interaction between innate resistance and adaptive immunity in tumour diseases. Most infiltrating lymphocytes showed strong expression of bcl-2; an interesting observation with regard to lymphocytic apoptosis in neoplastic diseases. The immunoreactivity for the bcl-2 protein varied considerably between and within tumours, and almost all benign tumours showed strong bcl-2 positively whereas several of the malignant tumours showed weak or absent staining. The variable expression of bcl-2 protein suggests a different susceptibility of tumour cells to apoptosis. The results also indicate that bcl-2 cannot pla a major role as protective agent in the specific apoptotic pathway induced by NK cells.

Humans↗
PubMed1999

Salivary gland neoplasms with basaloid cell features: report of two cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology.

Basal-cell adenoma and basal-cell adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland are rare tumors. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of these tumors, particularly those of basal-cell adenocarcinoma, has rarely been described in the literature. In this report, we describe the clinical, cytomorphologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical features of basal-cell adenoma and its malignant counterpart, basal-cell adenocarcinoma, in 2 patients. Fine-needle aspiration specimens from both tumors contained abundant cohesive groups of neoplastic cells. Basaloid cells were prominent in both tumors; however, there were significant cytologic atypia, hyperchromasia, and increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio in basal-cell adenocarcinoma. Review of the literature and cytomorphologic distinction between both tumors and others are discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1986

A review of the tumors of the salivary gland.

Neoplasms of the salivary gland are an interesting, diverse group of tumors with many associated factors, which make them a therapeutic challenge. Their long natural history, the wide spectrum of biologic activity which they exhibit, the difficulty in diagnosis and their high rate of recurrence contribute to the complexity of their management. Operation is the principle method of treatment for these tumors, but radiation therapy plays a significant role in the control and palliation of malignant tumors of the salivary gland. It is the hope for the future that effective chemotherapy agents will contribute significantly to the treatment of malignant tumors of the salivary gland.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1990

Chromosomal patterns in Warthin's tumor. A second type of human benign salivary gland neoplasm.

The cytogenetical observations in eight successfully cultured human adenolymphomas are reported. When the results were considered with those of two previously reported cases, three main stemline groups could be distinguished: (a) one with a normal karyotype and noted as a primary or secondary stemline in all hitherto studied tumors; (b) a second group with only numerical changes, either loss of the Y chromosome or trisomy or monosomy 5; and (c) a third group with only structural changes, as a rule with one or two reciprocal translocations. With regard to the last group, studies of many more cases are necessary to decide whether distinctive subgroups exist. Analyses using molecular methods are also urgently needed to clarify whether the normal stemline cells contain submicroscopic changes.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed2004

Neoplasms of the salivary glands: a descriptive retrospective study of 142 cases-Mulago Hospital Uganda.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at establishing the prevalence, sex, age, and site distribution of salivary gland neoplasms as seen in the Department of Oral Surgery Mulago Hospital Uganda. DESIGN: Descriptive retrospective study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Histopathological results from the Department of Oral Surgery were retrieved and analyzed for histological diagnosis, age, sex, and site. Records retrieved included those from January 1988 to December 2000. Student's t-test and z-test were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Of all neoplasms seen in the Department between 1988 and 2000, salivary gland tumors comprised 7.8% of which 77 (54.23%) were benign and 65 (45.77%) were malignant. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent over all. Among the malignant group, adenocarcinoma was the most prevalent of those where the palate was the most affected site. The age range was 1-80 years with the overall mean age being 33.83 +/- 18. 83. The mean age for the benign lesions was 26.74 +/- 16.0 and for the malignant lesions was 42.49 +/- 19.15. CONCLUSION: The findings were in agreement with most African studies but differed from studies from the other continents. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most prevalent salivary gland neoplasm with both males and females affected equally. More research is needed on specific salivary gland neoplasms in Uganda and preferentially on a regional basis geographically. However, if valid data on the diagnosis as well as age, site, and sex distribution are to be obtained, an improvement in the standardization of diagnosis and reporting of patient data will be necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of the tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and the tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, HAGE, MAGE-1, and MAGE-3, in benign and malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands.

AIMS: Molecular genetic changes involved in tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of human tumours are novel targets of cancer diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to analyse the expression of putative tumour suppressor genes, FHIT and WT-1, and tumour rejection genes, BAGE, GAGE-1/2, MAGE-1, MAGE-3, and HAGE (which are reported to be important in human cancers), in salivary gland neoplasms. METHODS: Gene expression was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in normal salivary gland tissue and 44 benign and malignant salivary gland tumours. RESULTS: Aberrant FHIT transcripts were found in one of 38 normal salivary glands, three of 28 adenomas, and two of 16 carcinomas. WT-1 mRNA was detectable in two adenomas and five carcinomas. Immunoblotting showed that WT-1 mRNA expression was associated with raised WT-1 protein concentrations. RT-PCR for detection of BAGE, GAGE, and MAGE gene expression was positive in two adenomas and nine carcinomas, but negative in normal salivary gland tissue. HAGE mRNA was found in two normal salivary glands, 11 benign, and eight malignant tumours. CONCLUSIONS: FHIT mRNA splicing does not appear to be involved in the genesis of salivary gland neoplasms. The upregulation of WT-1 mRNA in tumours of epithelial/myoepithelial phenotype may imply a potential role of WT-1 in the genesis and/or cellular differentiation of these salivary gland tumours. The tumour rejection genes were more frequently, but not exclusively, expressed in malignant salivary gland tumours than in benign neoplasms, although none was suitable as a diagnostic marker of malignancy in salivary gland neoplasms.

Acid Anhydride Hydrolases↗
PubMed1982

Computed tomography of the major salivary glands.

Forty-eight patients with proven disease of the salivary glands were evaluated by computed tomography (CT). Twenty-seven patients had salivary gland neoplasm and all were identified by CT. Fifteen benign tumors appeared as discrete, sharply marginated, high-density masses embedded in an otherwise normal gland. All 15 were correctly identified as benign by CT. There were 12 malignant tumors; 10 were invasive and presented as poorly defined, relatively dense lesions which obliterated and/or transgressed adjacent fat and fascial planes. Two malignant tumors presented as discrete masses and were incorrectly considered to be benign by CT. Twenty-one patients with inflammatory disease of the salivary glands were studied. A variety of patterns were noted, the most common a relatively diffuse, irregular area of increased density in an enlarged gland. Salivary duct calculi, diffuse sialectasis, and enlarged lymph nodes were well demonstrated. Differentiation between focal and inflammatory disease and malignant neoplasm was difficult. Computed tomography may be augmented by coincident sialography, although it is seldom necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Epithelial myoepitheial carcinoma of minor salivary gland--low grade malignant tumor presenting with nodal metastasis.

Epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is a rare low grade malignant salivary gland neoplasm that most commonly occurs in the parotid gland but can also arise in minor salivary glands. We report a case of primary epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma of minor salivary gland in a 25 year old women who presented with swelling left cheek of one year duration and bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy. A mass causing erosion of mandible, thyroid cartilage and masseter muscle was identified on CT scan. This was excised and histological examination revealed a mixture of ductal structures consisting of inner dark cells and outer clear cells seen in solid sheets. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the clear cells to be weakly positive for S100 and smooth muscle actin (SMA) and ductal cells to be positive for cytokeratin (CK) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). The characteristic morphological and immunohistochemical features aided in the diagnosis of epithelial myoepithelial carcinoma.

Actins↗