[Endocardial sarcoma of the right heart in a 20-year-old man].
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Adult↗
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Results for “SARCOMA, MYXOSARCOMA”
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[Sarcomas of the duodenum. Clinical, anatomical and radiographical study].
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Cholecystitis↗
The value of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the differential diagnosis of adult myxoid sarcoma.
BACKGROUND: The usefulness of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) for the histologic subtyping of specific sarcomas still is somewhat controversial but is becoming increasingly popular in the U.S. METHODS: To determine the accuracy and usefulness of FNAB in the differential diagnosis of myxoid sarcoma, the authors retrospectively reviewed 18 FNAB specimens (16 primary tumors, 1 local recurrence, and 1 metastasis) in 18 patients. The study sample included myxoid/round cell liposarcoma in six patients, myxofibrosarcoma in six patients, myxoid chondrosarcoma in five patients, and myxoid leiomyosarcoma in one patient. RESULTS: All but one tumor were recognized correctly as malignant. With regard to primary tumors, a specific cytologic diagnosis was rendered in 13 of 16 patients (81%). Problematic areas included the diagnosis of high grade myxofibrosarcoma with minimal amounts of myxoid stroma, myxoid liposarcoma with a predominant round cell component, and the single case of myxoid leiomyosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: FNAB represents a valuable diagnostic tool for the differential diagnosis of myxoid sarcoma, especially myxofibrosarcoma, low grade myxoid liposarcoma, and myxoid chondrosarcoma. Due to its prognostic and therapeutic significance, the presence of a predominant round cell component in myxoid liposarcoma should be documented adequately. Other sarcomas (e.g., leiomyosarcoma) rarely may exhibit a prominent myxoid stroma and therefore should be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult myxoid sarcoma.
Adult↗
[Early manifestation of a radiation-induced fibro-angio-myxosarcoma within an irradiation field for Hodgkin's disease (author's transl)].
The case of a fibro-angio-myxosarcoma within an irradiation field for Hodgkin's disease is reported (TD = 4025 rad). In comparison with other cases published in literature, the latent period of 4 years 10 months was relatively short. Radiation-induced sarcomas generally are observed in the irradiation field not earlier than after a free interval of 10 or 12 years, and with focal doses above 4000 rad.
Adult↗
Unusual malignant tumours of the maxilary sinuses.
Six rare tumours of the maxillary sinus occuring in South African Blacks are described. The incidence of sarcomas and tumours of glandular epithelium in the nasal sinus region is discussed and the literature is reviewed.
Adenocarcinoma↗
Late effects of adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer.
Complications requiring in-hospital treatment were observed in 24 of 221 consecutively treated patients (11%) who were followed from 8 to 42 years after postmastectomy irradiation. There were four sarcomas of the treated chest wall, three squamous carcinomas (two in the esophagus), two angiosarcomas of the swollen homolateral arm, nine chronic ulcers, five respiratory insufficiencies, six pathologic fractures of the radiated shoulder or ribs, two fatal cardiomyopathies, one persisting leukopenia with fatal brain abscess, and one severe neurovascular impairment of the arm. In a comparable group of 394 consecutive postmastectomy patients who were not irradiated, one similar event, a myxosarcoma of an unswollen arm, was observed. Only long-term follow-up can determine the ultimate risks of radiotherapy.
Adult↗
Low-grade pulmonary myxoid sarcoma of uncertain histogenesis.
The present report describes an unusual case of low-grade pulmonary sarcoma with extensive myxoid change in a 60-year-old man. During 30 months, the tumor enlarged gradually and thereafter rapidly to 9 cm. Preoperative biopsy and cytology gave negative results. The resected mass, located at the periphery of the right upper lobe, was well circumscribed and showed gelatinous without necrosis or hemorrhage. Histologically, the tumor was composed of slightly atypical, spindle-shaped or stellate cells, which were loosely distributed within a prominent myxoid stroma. Epithelial differentiation was not seen. Lacunar structures were occasionally evident, but no cartilaginous matrix was seen. Mitotic figures were infrequent. Immunohistochemistry failed to clarify the nature of the neoplastic cells except vimentin positivity. Histochemically, the myxoid ground substance was composed of hyaluronic acid and acid mucopolysaccharide. Electron microscopy revealed no specific differentiation other than aggregates of filaments, which were seen in a number of neoplastic cells. Flow cytometric analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed a diploid pattern. These findings indicated that the neoplasm was a low-grade myxoid sarcoma; however, a definite diagnosis could not be made. The tumor might have been a variant of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma, especially considering the histochemical results.
Biomarkers, Tumor↗
Primary cardiac malignancy presenting as left atrial myxoma. Clinical and surgical considerations.
Primary heart neoplasms occur in 0.002-0.3% of autopsies: 30% are myxomas and 20-30% are malignancies, almost always sarcomas. Cardiac metastases are 10 to 40 times more frequent than primary heart cancer. We describe a case of a left atrial sarcoma erroneously diagnosed as myxomas preoperatively. Standard surgical indication for resection of cardiac myxomas is based on echocardiography. Because of the severity of cardiac malignant lesions than can mimic atrial myxomas at echocardiography, through preoperative investigation should be accomplished, best by magnetic resonance imaging. In case of suspected malignancy, total body computed tomography should be performed to avoid unnecessary cardiac operations in case of disseminated cancer. To date the only good medium and long-term results in the therapeutic management of heart sarcomas have been achieved by transplantation: the probable explanation is that criteria of surgical radicality should be those followed for soft tissue tumors located elsewhere in the organism.
Diagnosis, Differential↗
Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma: MR Appearance and Pathologic Correlation.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to define the MR appearance of myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma of the soft tissues and to make correlations with the histopathologic features. CONCLUSION: Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is an uncommon malignancy that typically affects adult subjects, who present with painless swelling. This lesion manifests on MR images as a poorly circumscribed mass involving the underlying tendon sheath in the distal extremities.
Adult↗
Efficacy of mitoxantrone against various neoplasms in dogs.
One hundred twenty-six dogs with histologically confirmed, measurable malignant tumors were evaluated in a prospective study to determine the response to the antineoplastic drug mitoxantrone. Ninety-five dogs had been refractory to one or more treatment modalities (surgery, n = 57; chemotherapy other than mitoxantrone, n = 37; radiation, n = 4; whole body hyperthermia, n = 1). The extent of neoplastic disease was determined immediately before each dose of mitoxantrone was administered (1 to 10 doses, 2.5 to 5 mg/m2 of body surface area, IV) 21 days apart. Each dog was treated with mitoxantrone until the dog developed progressive disease or until the dog's quality of life diminished to an unacceptable level as determined by the owner or attending veterinarian. A partial or complete remission (greater than 50% volume reduction) was obtained in 23% (29/126) of all dogs treated. Tumors in which there was a partial or complete remission included lymphoma (11/32), squamous cell carcinoma (4/9), fibrosarcoma (2/9), thyroid carcinoma (1/10), transitional cell carcinoma (1/6), mammary adenocarcinoma (1/6), hepatocellular carcinoma (1/4), renal adenocarcinoma (1/1), rectal carcinoma (1/1), chondrosarcoma (1/2), oral malignant melanoma (1/12), cutaneous malignant melanoma (1/1), myxosarcoma (1/1), mesothelioma (1/1), and hemangiopericytoma (1/1). Our results indicated that mitoxantrone induces measurable regression in various malignant tumors in dogs.
Animals↗
Tumor induction by 4-(methyl)benzenediazonium sulfate in mice.
4-(Methyl)benzenediazonium sulfate (MBD) was administered to Swiss mice by subcutaneous injection at weekly intervals 19 or 16 times at 50 micrograms/g body weight. The treatment gave rise to tumors of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. The tumor incidences in the groups with 19 injections were 12 and 6% in females and 12 and 4% in males, respectively, while in the group with 16 injections were 24 and 14% in females and 50 and 4% in males, respectively. The corresponding tumor incidences in the untreated controls were 2 and 2% in females and 8 and 2% in males, respectively. Histopathologically, the tumors were classified as fibromas, fibrosarcomas, myxosarcomas, fibromyxosarcomas, rhabdomyosarcomas and angiosarcomas in subcutis and squamous cell papillomas and carcinomas of skin. MBD is closely related to 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium ion (HMBD), an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. The conversion of HMBD to MBD appears to be a distinct possibility.
Animals↗
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.
Described is a low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) of the abdominal wall muscles in a 38-year-old black woman. There was no evidence of metastatic disease. A 5.2-kg LGFMS - the largest case ever reported - was resected. One year after surgery, the patient is alive without any sign of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Follow-up comprises abdominal and thoracic CT scans at 6-month intervals.
Abdominal Muscles↗
Fine needle aspiration cytology of primary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma. A case report.
BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumor of the extremities. Since it usually lacks obvious chondroid differentiation on light microscopy, it needs to be distinguished from other myxoid soft tissue sarcomas. CASE REPORT: The diagnosis of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma was made on fine needle aspiration in a patient with a swelling in the right calf. Cellular myxoid fragments having round to oval cells with grooved nuclei arranged in a cordlike pattern suggested chondroid differentiation. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. CONCLUSION: Fine needle aspiration cytology can be diagnostic of extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma even in the absence of obvious chondroid differentiation.
Biopsy, Needle↗
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma of the neck.
BACKGROUND: Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (MIFS), also named inflammatory myxohyaline tumor of distal extremities with virocyte or Reed-Sternberg cells, is a rare tumor typically presenting as a painless mass in the extremities. PATIENTS: We present an unusual case of MIFS presenting as a subcutaneous neck mass. This is the first reported case of MIFS presenting in the neck. RESULTS: Therefore, this lesion must be considered in the differential diagnosis for painless subcutaneous masses presenting not only in the distal extremities, but also in the neck. CONCLUSION: MIFS has only recently been recognized. The differential diagnosis for MIFS is broad, and it can often be mistaken for several different inflammatory and neoplastic processes, which may require different treatment.
Adult↗
Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma in FNAB samples: can we distinguish it from other myxoid lesions?
We analysed cytomorphological characteristics of three fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples of acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (AMIFS) as well as the features of a number of other benign and malignant myxoid lesions. The analysis showed that FNAB samples from two cases of AMIFS had similar cytomorphology, containing all the characteristic features described in surgical biopsies: myxoid material, spindle cells with bipolar cytoplasmic extensions, epithelioid cells with globules of extra-cellular material, ganglion-like and lipoblast-like giant cells. Only the inflammatory component was scarce. The third sample did not contain features typical of AMIFS. Samples from other myxoid tumours resembled AMIFS to some extent, however, none of them contained all three tumour components characteristic of AMIFS. Cytomorphology of AMIFS may be characteristic enough to enable a definitive diagnosis from FNAB, provided all the distinctive features are sampled.
Adult↗
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma with complex supernumerary ring chromosomes composed of chromosome 3 segments.
Myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma is a rare, recently described, and distinctive low-grade tumor of soft tissue. To our knowledge, there is only one previous report on the cytogenetics of this tumor. That case showed complex structural abnormalities, including a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 10 [t(1;10)(p22;q24)] with loss of chromosomes 3 and 13. We describe here a second case showing supernumerary ring chromosomes, and a derivative chromosome 13, with additional material on the short arm. We conclude that the presence of chromosomal abnormalities supports the neoplastic nature of this tumor and aids in its diagnosis. Furthermore, we also postulate that the finding of ring chromosomes, which have been identified in other low-grade soft-tissue tumors, may have important prognostic implications regarding the aggressiveness of this neoplasm.
Chromosome Aberrations↗
Logistic regression analysis of myxoid sarcomas: a cytologic study.
The objective of this study was to identify key diagnostic cytologic criteria for the most common myxoid sarcomas studied by fine-needle aspiration cytology. We reviewed 27 myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 8 chordomas, 16 chondrosarcomas, and 12 myxoid liposarcomas in which both cytologic specimens and final histopathologic diagnoses were available. All specimens were coded as to the presence or absence of the following variables: high cellularity, low cellularity, tissue fragments, epithelial fragments, pale/loose ground substance, dense ground substance, chondroid fragments, large amount of myxoid material, small amount of myxoid material, capillary vessel networks, pleomorphism, binucleate cells, multinucleate cells, physaliphorous cells, cells in lacunae, signet ring cells, lipoblasts, fibroblast-like cells, histiocyte-like cells, stellate cells, long filamentous cells, short spindle cells, osteoclastic giant cells, nuclei with pointed ends, nuclei with cigar-shaped ends, fish-hook nuclei, round/ovoid nuclei, naked nuclei, large nucleoli, small nucleoli, mitotic figures, abnormal mitotic figures, intracytoplasmic hemosiderin deposits, background cells, fat, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and pleomorphic giant cells. A logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the variables predictive of myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma, chordoma, myxoid chondrosarcoma, and myxoid liposarcoma. The statistical analysis selected pleomorphic giant cells and the presence of fibroblast-like cells as most predictive of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, physaliphorous cells as most closely associated with chordoma, chondroid fragments as most predictive of chondrosarcoma, and lipoblasts as most predictive of liposarcoma. While myxoid lesions have many overlapping cytologic features, key criteria including the presence of lipoblasts, physaliphorous cells, chondroid fragments, and pleomorphic giant cells are useful in subclassifying these neoplasms.
Adipocytes↗
Results of hyperamplification of centrosomes in naturally developing tumors of dogs.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate results of centrosome hyperamplification in naturally developing tumors of dogs. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tumor specimens from 9 dogs with tumors (rhabdomyosarcoma, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, myxosarcoma, and mammary gland tumor) and 2 canine osteosarcoma cell lines. PROCEDURE: 3 antibodies for centrosome proteins (ie, anti-gamma-tubulin, anti-BRCA1, and anti-pericentrin) were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Double immunostaining for centrosomes was used to confirm the specificity of these antibodies for centrosomes. Mutational analysis of the canine p53 gene was carried out by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis, and expression of canine MDM2 protein was evaluated by use of immunohistochemical analysis, using anti-MDM2 antibody. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical analysis of dog osteosarcoma cell lines with apparent aneuploidy revealed frequent hyperamplification of centrosomes in the osteosarcoma cell lines. Similar hyperamplified centrosomes were detected in the tumor tissues from all of the 9 tumors. The frequency of cells with hyperamplified centrosomes (3 to 20/cell) in each tumor tissue ranged from 9.50 to 48.1%, whereas centrosome hyperamplification was not observed in normal lymph nodes from these dogs. In 8 of the 9 tumors, mutation of p53 gene or overexpression of MDM2, or both, was detected. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Various types of naturally developing tumors in dogs often have hyperamplification of centrosomes associated with chromosome instability. Hyperamplification of centrosomes is a novel tumor marker for use in cytologic and histologic examinations of clinical specimens obtained from dogs.
Animals↗