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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A mathematical model for the evolutions of anthelmintic resistance in a direct life cycle nematode parasite.

Some of the elements required of a mathematical model for the evolution of anthelmintic resistance in strongylid nematodes are described. The model comprises a series of coupled first order differential equations and assumes the parasite has a direct life cycle with overlapping generations. The parasite-host system involved only a single host. In all the cases considered, drug resistance was assumed to be determined by two alleles at a single autosomal locus. The pretreatment allelic frequencies were maintained by heterozygote advantage involving the mortality of the free-living stages of the parasite. The model suggests that alternating anthelmintic with different modes of action may be a less effective resistance management strategy than administering the same drugs simultaneously.

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PubMed1995

Biochemical analyses on single amphidial glands, excretory-secretory gland cells, pharyngeal glands and their secretions from the avian nematode Syngamus trachea.

The gape nematode, Syngamus trachea, has been used as a model to study nematode secretions. Individual and intact pairs of amphidial glands, pharyngeal glands and pairs of excretory-secretory gland cells have been dissected and their secretory products analysed. The protein profiles of each gland and the total nematode secretions were analysed on 12.5% homogeneous SDS-PAGE minigels. The protein analyses revealed that the structural protein profile of each gland is different. The amphidial gland secretes two major proteins of 36.0 and 41.5 kDa, the excretory-secretory gland cell secretes a protein of 28.2 kDa and a protein of 14.3 kDa, and the pharyngeal gland secretes proteins of 41.5 and 14.6 kDa. Analysis of the total nematode secretions revealed all of the above major secretory proteins and an additional protein of 49.3 kDa. Syngamus trachea secretes acetylcholinesterases and its secretions contain multiple proteases.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The effect of gamma-radiation and heat shock on protein synthesis and antioxidant enzymes in the gastrointestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus.

Protein synthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in gamma-irradiated (300 Gy) and heat shocked (42 degrees C) larval stages of the gastrointestinal parasite, Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri (H. polygyrus). No qualitative or quantitative differences were observed in the incorporation of (35S)-methionine into somatic proteins of unirradiated or irradiated exsheathed third-stage (L3) larvae at either 37 degrees C or 42 degrees C. The rate of protein synthesis doubled in L3 stages maintained at 42 degrees C compared with 37 degrees C, irrespective of whether the larvae had been irradiated or not. The composition of excretory/secretory (ES) proteins varied between unirradiated and irradiated exsheathed L3 larvae maintained under identical conditions. Prominent heat-inducible proteins of 26 and 17 kDa were synthesised and excreted at 42 degrees C by both unirradiated and irradiated L3 stages. No major differences in protein synthesis could be detected between unirradiated and irradiated fourth-stage (L4) larvae. Temperature elevation significantly reduced protein synthesis in L4 stages, most notably in unirradiated parasites. Heat-inducible proteins were not detected in response to either irradiation or temperature elevation in L4 larvae. Immune sera recognised a similar spectrum of antigens in both unirradiated and irradiated L4 somatic and ES preparations and reacted with antigens from irradiated L4 parasites with less intensity than with antigens from unirradiated L4 larvae. Catalase was the only antioxidant enzyme examined with activity that changed significantly in irradiated parasites, being reduced to approximately 36% of normal levels in irradiated L4 stages. No significant difference existed between irradiated and unirradiated parasites in the levels of activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase.

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