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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Effects of succinic acid derivatives on ex vivo acetylcholinesterase activity.

In the present study the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and acute toxicity of two succinic acid derivatives were compared with tacrine. Administration of a single dose of each of two succinic acid derivatives produced a time and dose-dependent inhibition of brain AChE activity. Although the magnitude of the cholinergic effects observed with the two succinic acid derivatives was similar to that seen with tacrine and other AChE inhibitors, the toxicity study showed that the new inhibitors have less adverse side effects.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1979

Central action of new imido derivatives of succinic acid.

New imido derivatives of succinic acid were screened pharmacologically with regard to their influence on the central nervous system. No relation was found between the character and position of substituents and depressant action on the CNS. However, it was remarked that potentiation of the central influence of DOPA probably depends on the position of the p-chlorophenyl group.

Amphetamine↗
PubMed1988

Citric, malic and succinic acids as possible alternatives to deferoxamine in aluminum toxicity.

The effect of repeated intraperitoneal administration of deferoxamine, citric, malic and succinic acids on the distribution and excretion of aluminum was determined in male Swiss mice which had previously received aluminum nitrate intraperitoneally at a daily dose of 0.27 mmol/kg for five weeks. Chelating agents were administered for two weeks at doses approximately equal to one-fourth of their respective LD50. Treatment with DFOA, citric, malic or succinic acids significantly increased the fecal and urinary excretion of aluminum and reduced the concentration of aluminum found in various organs and tissues, with citric acid being the most effective. In sight of these results, citric, malic or succinic acids may be considered as alternatives to deferoxamine in aluminum toxicity. However, further investigations are required previous to the possible use of these compounds in human aluminum poisoning.

Aluminum↗
PubMed2000

New esters of succinic acid and mixed molecules formed by such esters and a meglitinide analog: study of their insulinotropic potential.

Eighteen novel esters of succinic acid, including three mixed molecules formed of both succinic acid and nateglinide, were examined for their insulinotropic efficiency in isolated rat pancreatic islets. The secretory response to these esters at increasing concentrations of both d -glucose and the ester itself allowed to identify five esters judged of potential interest for further investigations. They include three molecules with CH(3)-O-CO-CH(2)-CH(2)-CO-NH-CH(R)-CO-O- sequence and two mixed molecules with a nateglinide moiety. The effects of the most potent molecule in the first group and that of two of the esters with a nateglinide moiety upon islet biosynthetic activity in vitro and insulin release in vivo, after either oral or intravenous administration were also investigated. The results suggested that mixed molecules formed of both a succinic acid ester and a meglitinide analog may efficiently stimulate proinsulin biosynthesis and/or insulin release. Further work is required, however, to improve their modality of in vivo administration.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester as an inhibitor against the human immunodeficiency virus.

Dehydroandrographolide succinic acid monoester (DASM) is the dehydroandrographolyl ester of succinic acid; and andrographolide, from which DASM is made, is the major diterpenoid lactone found in the Chinese medicinal herb, Andrographis paniculata. DASM has been found to be an inhibitor against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro. It was nontoxic to the H9 cell at the concentrations of 50-200 (average, 108) micrograms/ml and was inhibitory to the HIV-1 (IIIB) at the minimal concentration of 1.6-3.1 (average 2.0) micrograms/ml. It was also inhibitory to two other strains of HIV-1 and a strain of HIV-2. This inhibitory effect could also be demonstrated in cultures of activated human blood mononuclear cells; the 50% toxic dose and the 50% HIV inhibitory dose were about 200-greater than or equal to 400 and 0.8-2 micrograms/ml, respectively. At the subtoxic concentration, DASM partially interfered with HIV-induced cell fusion and with the binding of HIV to the H9 cell. Presumably, it also interfered with HIV replication at another unidentified step(s).

Antiviral Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetics of the extraction of succinic acid with tri-n-octylamine in 1-octanol solution.

Kinetic studies for the extraction of succinic acid from aqueous solution with 1-octanol solutions of tri-n-octylamine (TOA) were carried out using a stirred cell with a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The interfacial concentrations of species were correlated and thus the intrinsic kinetics was obtained. The overall extraction process was controlled by the chemical reaction at or near the interface between the aqueous and organic phases. The formation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be first order with respect to the concentration of succinic acid in the aqueous phase and the order of 0.5 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (3.14 +/- 0.6) x 10(-8) m(2.5) x mol(-0.5) x s(-1). The dissociation reaction of succinic acid-TOA complex was found to be the second-order with respect to that of succinic acid-TOA complex in the organic phase and the order of -2 with respect to that of TOA in the organic phase with a rate constant of (1.44 +/- 1.4) x 10(-4) mol x m(-2) x s(-1).

1-Octanol↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of succinic acid continuous and repeat-batch biofilm fermentation by Actinobacillus succinogenes using plastic composite support bioreactors.

Continuous and repeat-batch biofilm fermentations using Actinobacillus succinogenes were performed with immobilized and suspended-cell systems. For the immobilized continuous system, plastic composite supports (PCS) containing 50% (w/w) polypropylene (PP), 35% (w/w) ground soybean hulls, 5% (w/w) dried bovine albumin, 2.5% (w/w) soybean flour, 2.5% (w/w) yeast extract, 2.5% (w/w) dried red blood cells, and 2.5% (w/w) peptone, or PP tubes (8.5 cm in length) were arranged around the agitator shaft in a grid formation. Agitation was controlled at 125 rpm and 150 rpm. Samples were taken at dilution rates of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 h(-1) and analyzed for succinic acid production and glucose consumption (g l(-1)). For PCS bioreactors, the highest final succinic acid concentrations (10.1 g (-1), 10.4 g l(-1)) and percentage yields (62.6%, 71.6%) occurred at the dilution rate of 0.2 h(-1). PCS disks were evaluated in a repeat-batch biofilm reactor. Suspended-cell batch fermentations were performed in flasks and a repeat-batch bioreactor. The maximum concentration of succinic acid produced was 40 g l(-1). Peak succinic acid percentage yields in continuous and repeat-batch fermentations of A. succinogenes were observed in suspended-cell continuous fermentations at a dilution rate of 1.0 h(-1) (76.2%) and in PCS repeat-batch fermentations with an initial glucose concentration of 40 g l(-1) (86.7%).

Actinobacillus↗
PubMed1976

Pharmaceutical applications of solid dispersion systems: dissolution of griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture.

The dissolution profile of the griseofulvin-succinic acid eutectic mixture system was evaluated using the powder and constant-surface are tablet methods. Factors contributing to the enhancement of griseofulvin dissolution from the dispersion in succinic acid are discussed. Contrary to the original proposal of Sekiguchi and coworkers, dissolution rates of driseofulvin from solid dispersions were found to be markedly affected by the particle size of solid dispersions.

Anhydrides↗
PubMed1998

A novel fermentation pathway in an Escherichia coli mutant producing succinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol.

Escherichia coli strain NZN111, which is unable to grow fermentatively because of insertional inactivation of the genes encoding pyruvate: formate lyase and the fermentative lactate dehydrogenase, gave rise spontaneously to a chromosomal mutation that restored its ability to ferment glucose. The mutant strain, named AFP111, fermented glucose more slowly than did its wild-type ancestor, strain W1485, and generated a very different spectrum of products. AFP111 produced succinic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol in proportions of approx 2:1:1. Calculations of carbon and electron balances accounted fully for the observed products; 1 mol of glucose was converted to 1 mol of succinic acid and 0.5 mol each of acetic acid and ethanol. The data support the emergence in E. coli of a novel succinic acid:acetic acid:ethanol fermentation pathway.

Acetic Acid↗
PubMed2003

Berberine formate-succinic acid (1/1).

The title compound [systematic name: 9,10-dimethoxy-2,3-methylenedioxy-5,6-dihydrodibenzo[a,g]quinolizinium formate-succinic acid (1/1)], C(20)H(18)NO(4)(+).CHO(2)(-).C(4)H(6)O(4), contains centrosymmetric pairs of almost planar berberine cations, and hydrogen-bonded (C(4)H(6)O(4).HCOO(-))(2) rings of succinic acid with formate anions, bonded by O-H...O hydrogen bonds with O...O distances of 2.4886 (15) and 2.5652 (16) A. Pairs of cations and molecules of succinic acid are connected by non-conventional weak C-H.O hydrogen bonds, with C...O distances of 3.082 (2) and 3.178 (2) A.

Berberine↗
PubMed2001

Differential acute and long term actions of succinic acid monomethyl ester exposure on insulin-secreting BRIN-BD11 cells.

Esters of succinic acid are potent insulin secretagogues, and have been proposed as novel antidiabetic agents for type 2 diabetes. This study examines the effects of acute and chronic exposure to succinic acid monomethyl ester (SAM) on insulin secretion, glucose metabolism and pancreatic beta cell function using the BRIN-BD11 cell line. SAM stimulated insulin release in a dose-dependent manner at both non-stimulatory (1.1 mM) and stimulatory (16.7 mM) glucose. The depolarizing actions of arginine also stimulated a significant increase in SAM-induced insulin release but 2-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC) inhibited SAM induced insulin secretion indicating a possible competition between the preferential oxidative metabolism of these two agents. Prolonged (18 hour) exposure to SAM revealed decreases in the insulin-secretory responses to glucose, KIC, glyceraldehyde and alanine. Furthermore, SAM diminished the effects of non-metabolized secretagogues arginine and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX). While the ability of BRIN-BD11 cells to oxidise glucose was unaffected by SAM culture, glucose utilization was substantially reduced. Collectively, these data suggest that while SAM may enhance the secretory potential of non-metabolized secretagogues, it may also serve as a preferential metabolic fuel in preference to other important physiological nutrients and compromise pancreatic beta cell function following prolonged exposure.

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stimulation of insulin release caused by intraduodenal administration of succinic acid methyl esters.

The methyl esters of succinic and glutamic acid are currently under investigation as possible tools for stimulation of insulin biosynthesis and release in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The present study deals with the secretory response of the pancreatic B-cell to these esters after intraduodenal administration to anaesthetized rats. The dimethyl ester of succinic acid and, to a lesser extent, its monomethyl ester both increased the plasma insulin concentration, whilst the dimethyl ester of glutamic acid virtuality failed to do so. The stimulation of insulin release, caused by the dimethyl ester of succinic acid, was faster and more pronounced than that evoked by an equimolar amount of glucose. The present study thus reveals that the latter ester, when administered via the gastrointestinal tract, evokes a more brisk and more ample secretory response of the pancreatic B-cell than that evoked by glucose.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Hydrogen-bonded azopyridine and succinic acid co-crystal.

In the 1:1 supramolecular adduct of azopyridine (AZP) and succinic acid (SA) [systematic name: di-4-pyridyldiazene-succinic acid (1/1)], C10H8N4.C4H6O4 or AZP.SA, both components lie on inversion centers. Alternating AZP and SA molecules are linked by O-H...N hydrogen bonds to form a linear chain extending in the [31-1] direction. Between chains there is a strong pyridyl-azo pi-pi interaction, with a 3.340 A separation between the inversion center at the mid-point of the azo bond and the centroid of the pyridine ring; this interaction results in the formation of sheets.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Roles of mucosal bacteria and succinic acid in colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium in mice.

Intestines of mice with colitis caused by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) contain more Bacteroidaceae cells than untreated controls. We investigated the roles of intestinal bacteria and succinic acid, a by-product of Bacteroidaceae metabolism, in this model of colitis. CBA/J mice were given 3% DSS in water for 14 days. After mice were anesthetized and killed, concentrations of organic acids in stools from the cecum and colon were measured. The resected rectum and colon were washed with sterile saline; some specimens were incubated with imipenem in saline for 1 h to kill bacteria on the surfaces and others were not. Their homogenates were cultured anaerobically and aerobically. Separately, 1 mL of 20 mM succinic acid was infused into the rectum of mice, whose anal verge was glued. Animals were anesthetized and killed the next day. The rectum and colon were examined histologically. Concentrations of succinate were higher everywhere in the colon of mice with colitis than in controls. Mice with colitis had more Bacteroidaceae cells, especially B. caccae, than controls. Mice given succinate enemas had focal erosions of the mucosa and edema of the submucosa. Succinic acid, produced abundantly by members of the family Bacteroidaceae, especially B. caccae, may be the ulcerogenic agent in DSS colitis.

Acetates↗