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Results for “Tooth Remineralization”
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[The use of Auger's electron spectroscopy for the study of chemical composition of superficial layer of enamel].
The method of chemical composition analysis of the metal surface layers based on Auger's electron spectroscopy was adapted to the evaluation of the changes in the chemical composition of bovine and human enamel. The enamel was damaged by means or hydrochloric acid and subsequently subjected to two-stage remineralization procedure.
Effect of fluoride on diffusion of calcium in mucin: a possible mechanism affecting remineralization of carious enamel.
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Demineralization and remineralization evaluation techniques--added considerations.
Methods used for the analysis of tooth de- and remineralization include techniques with various degrees of sophistication and quantitative capabilities, ranging from direct measures of mineral gain/loss (e.g., microradiography) to indirect measures (e.g., iodide permeability) of changes in tooth mineral properties. In all instances, the capabilities of methods for accurate determination of changes in tooth mineral properties are affected by procedures used in the preparation of specimens for analysis, the magnitude of change taking place in the test (vs. the detection limits of the techniques), and protocols for specimen analysis. In specific instances, such as in the case of dentin, unique specimen-handling and analysis procedures must be used to prevent artifacts. The choice of techniques for the assessment of de- and remineralization depends strongly upon study protocols and laboratory capabilities; however, 'quantitative' measures of mineral gain and loss are possible only if direct chemical or radiographic techniques are used. Either radiographic, cross-sectioned microhardness or polarized light can be used for the determination of lesion depth. Porosity, light-scattering, and surface microhardness are indirect techniques which complement direct measures of mineral gain and loss. Whatever methods are used in the analysis of de- and remineralization, researchers must take care to differentiate accurately among the quantitative capabilities of techniques used in analysis.
Fluoride incorporation into and retention in remineralized enamel.
This study assessed the incorporation of fluoride into remineralized enamel and the stability of the incorporated fluoride under various test conditions. Lesions were produced on bovine enamel slabs by a two-day immersion in 0.01 mol/L lactic acid buffer containing 3.0 mmol/L Ca, 1.8 mmol/L P, and 1% CMC adjusted to pH 4.0 at 37 degrees C. The remineralizaing solution contained the same amount of Ca, P, and CMC, plus 150 mmol/L NaCl and 3 ppm F, and was adjusted to pH 7.0 at 37 degrees C. All slabs were exposed to this unstirred solution, which was changed every two days during the ten-day remineralizing period. The remineralized slabs were divided into four groups. Group A (the control group) received no further treatment. The other three groups were exposed for 24 h to either the intra-oral environment (Group B), a 1.0 mol/L KOH solution (Group C), or a 0.01 mol/L lactic acid buffer (Group D). Fluoride incorporation assessed by abrasion biopsy in 10-microns layers showed about 10,000 ppm F maximum in Group A. Similar levels of fluoride concentration from the surface to approximately 30 microns thick were found in Groups A, B, and C. No appreciable fluoride was released from remineralized slabs from Groups B or C, and only a small fraction from Group D. Statistical analyses of the fluoride values showed no significant differences between the various test conditions in any of the layers sampled. No difference was evident in the Ca/P ratio between the ten-day remineralized enamel (Group A) and the treatment groups. The lack of appreciable fluoride loss from enamel with any of the above three conditions indicated a stable fixation of fluoride in the remineralized enamel lesions.
Comparison of the in vivo effect of a 0 and 1,500 ppmF MFP toothpaste on fluoride uptake, acid resistance and lesion remineralization.
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Kinetic and physical aspects of enamel remineralization--a constant composition study.
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A study of remineralization of carious dentin with CMC. A progress report.
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[Remineralization of initial lesions and surface properties of acid erosion].
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[Influence on de- and remineralization of dental enamel by toothbrushing with a dental salt].
In the study in question, tests were made to determine whether a dental salt, with or without the addition of fluoride, can improve the remineralization effect of the saliva. The experiments were performed in vitro by applying a method in which the dental enamel was softened and rehardened several times within a short period. The Knoop hardness of the enamel surface was used to determine the degree of de- and remineralization. The results clearly confirm the remineralization-promoting effect of the fluoride added to the dental salt.
The influence of fluoride on in vitro remineralization of bovine enamel.
Remineralization experiments using bovine enamel were carried out with 2 ppm fluoride or no fluoride added to the remineralizing solutions. The group without fluoride showed (quantitative microradiography) significantly more remineralization in the first 50 microns of the lesion than the fluoride group. It is suggested that fluoride may inhibit remineralization.
[Demineralization and remineralization of carious lesions, basic concepts and experimental methodology].
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Remineralization of carious lesions in elderly patients.
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Applications of laser-based ultrasonics to the characterization of the internal structure of teeth.
Dental health care and research workers require a means of imaging the structures within teeth in vivo. For example, there is a need to image the margins of a restoration for the detection of poor bonding or voids between the restorative material and the dentin. In addition, a high-resolution imaging modality is needed to detect tooth decay in its early stages. If decay can be detected early enough, the process can be monitored and interventional procedures, such as fluoride washes and controlled diet, can be initiated to help remineralize the tooth. Currently employed x-ray imaging is limited in its ability to visualize interfaces and incapable of detecting decay at a stage early enough to avoid invasive cavity preparation followed by a restoration. To this end, nondestructive and noncontact in vitro measurements on "as-is" extracted sections of human incisors and molars using laser-based ultrasonics are presented. Broadband ultrasonic waves are excited in the extracted sections by using a pulsed carbon-dioxide (CO2) laser operating in a region of high optical absorption in the dental hard tissues. Optical interferometric detection of the ultrasonic wave surface displacements is accomplished with a path-stabilized Michelson-type interferometer. Laser ultrasonics is found effective in characterizing the anisotropic and inhomogeneous nature of dentin. In addition, time-of-flight analysis of the measured bulk transmission waveforms allows for detection of dentino-enamel and carious dentin-dentin junctions. These results are compared to those obtained for specially prepared tooth phantoms that mimic the mechanical properties of dental hard tissues.
The influence of air-drying on hyper-remineralization of demineralized dentine: a study on bulk as well as on thin wet section of bovine dentine.
The influence of air-drying on the remineralization of demineralized bovine dentine was examined in wet bulk samples, in dried bulk samples as well as in wet thin sections. Bulk samples of bovine dentine were first demineralized in an acidic gel (pH = 5) at 37 degrees C for 3 weeks. After 24-hour pre-treatment of either air-drying or immersion in water, the bulk samples were remineralized in a solution containing 1.5 mM Ca, 0.9 mM phosphate and 10 ppm F (pH = 7) at 37 degrees C for 2, 4 or 8 days. Separately thin sections prepared from demineralized bulk dentine were immersed in water for 24 h and were also exposed to the remineralization solution for 2, 4 or 8 days. The results show that air-drying of the bulk samples increased remineralization of dentine considerably; the microradiographic parameters (ld, delta Z and la) show that the degree of remineralization ranks: thin wet sections > bulk dried > bulk wet. Especially, the remineralization inside lesions was greatly enhanced in thin sections and dried samples. It is presumed that the increased remineralization in dried samples is caused by a 'sponge effect', in which the remineralization fluid is sucked up in a dried shrunken lesion, resulting in fast and deep penetration of remineralization solution and/or presumably increased nucleation.
Comparison of solution- and gel-prepared enamel lesions--and in vitro pH-cycling study.
A variety of methods has been employed to produce artificial caries-like enamel lesions. The aim of this paper was to use a pH-cycling regime to compare the de-/remineralization behavior of lesions prepared by two methods. Lesions were produced by use of either an acidified undialyzed gelatin system or a buffered solution. Enamel sections, each containing four lesions, were allocated to four groups (A, B, C, D) and subjected to a daily pH-cycling regime of 16-hour demineralization and eight-hour remineralization. Groups A & B contained gelatin-prepared lesions, whereas Groups C & D contained solution-prepared lesions. To the remineralizing solutions used in Groups B & D, 2 ppm fluoride was added. The mineral content in the lesions was assessed, by means of microradiography/microdensitometry, at baseline and at intervals for six weeks. The lesions in all four groups exhibited net demineralization. In terms of the total mineral lost from the lesion (the delta z parameter), the demineralization rates of the solution-prepared lesions were significantly greater than those of the corresponding gelatin-prepared lesions. All sections in the non-fluoride groups showed subsurface demineralization in initially sound enamel, whereas only one section in the fluoride groups showed an area of mineral loss. Laminations in the mineral content profiles were apparent only in Group D. The results of this study indicate that the method of lesion preparation affects the subsequent behavior of lesions when exposed to de- and remineralizing protocols.
[Inhibition of remineralization by EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin].
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of removing EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin on the later remineralization for the purpose of better understanding of mechanism of dentin phosphate proteins on dentin mineralization. METHODS: To remove soluble phosphate protein by EDTA dissolution, then the remineralization rate was monitored by a constant composition crystal growth technique. The results were compared with those from the normal dentin and the dentin partially demineralized by acetic acid. RESULTS: Faster remineralization rates were found with dentin demineralized by EDTA (0.5 and 2 h) compared with normal dentin powder, while a slower rate was found with dentin demineralized by acetic acid. The increase of remineralization rate by removing phosphate protein from dentin was 100% more at 200 min after the start of the reaction. CONCLUSION: EDTA-soluble phosphate protein in dentin has a great potential to inhibit remineralization.
Effects of processed cheese on human plaque pH and demineralization and remineralization.
This two-part study was undertaken to examine the effects of processed cheese on human plaque pH and de- and remineralization of enamel and root lesions in a human in situ caries model system. In the first part of the study the selected processed cheese (Kraft American Singles Processed Cheese Food) was eaten alone and followed by a 10% sucrose rinse after the acidogenicity of the plaque was demonstrated. A 10% sucrose rinse alone resulted in a mean minimum pH of 4.26. The cheese alone showed a mean minimum pF of 6.32 and cheese followed by sucrose resulted in a mean minimum pH of 6.48. The plaque pH of cheese eaten alone stayed at pH above 5.7 (the "safe for teeth" level). Cheese consumption also prevented the acid challenge when followed by sucrose. The second part of the study utilized the thin-sections of artificially created caries-like lesions on enamel and root, and sound root sections. One-month periods were used in a cross-over design to examine the effect of eating the cheese q.i.d. Polarized light microscopy was used to determine changes in the size of lesion areas. The addition of the processed cheese to the diet resulted in statistically significant reductions in enamel lesion size as well as a reduction in progression of root lesions. Lesions created on the sound root surfaces were approximately one-third the size of those created during the control period. This study indicates that processed cheese is hypoacidogenic, anti-acidogenic, and prevents demineralization as well as enhances remineralization.