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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Prevalence and severity of incisal and occlusal tooth wear in an adult Swedish population.

The material consisted of 585 randomly selected dentate individuals from the community of Jönköping, Sweden, who in 1983 reached the age of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, or 80 years. The degree of incisal or occlusal wear was evaluated for each single tooth in accordance with the following criteria: 0 = no wear or negligible wear of enamel; 1 = obvious wear of enamel or wear through the enamel to dentin in single spots; 2 = wear of dentin up to one-third of the crown height; 3 = wear of dentin more than one-third of the crown height and/or excessive wear of tooth restorative material. Among the 20-year-olds 35% of the subjects had no or slight incisal or occlusal wear. The corresponding figures for the 30- to 80-year age groups were 20%, 32%, 18%, 14%, 26%, and 23%, respectively. For the age groups 20-80 years, the percentage of teeth with incisal or occlusal wear in accordance with criteria 1-3 was 13%, 20%, 16%, 24%, 23%, 23%, and 23%, respectively. Men presented more teeth with wear than women, the difference being significant for all age groups except the 20- and 60-year-olds. Among the 20-year-olds 6% had one or more teeth with wear scored 2. Among subjects aged 30 and 70 years 10% and 31%, respectively, showed tooth wear with score 2. Wear with score 3 was only found in 2% of the total population. There was an increase in the number of teeth with incisal or occlusal wear with age. With increasing age, there was also a change in distribution of wear within the dentition.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Tooth wear prevention: a quantitative and qualitative in vitro study.

BACKGROUND: Management of tooth wear from grinding presents a significant clinical challenge. Acrylic nightguards are often used to protect the teeth, but many patients still grind with these appliances. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of three lubricants in reducing enamel wear by using an electro-mechanical machine under controlled conditions, with a view to undertaking a subsequent longitudinal clinical study. METHODS: Sectioned tooth specimens were worn against each other under different loads and with the addition of three different lubricants: calcium fluoride (CaF) powder, olive-oil, and a combination of calcium fluoride with olive-oil in the form of a slurry. Wear rates of enamel only were quantified by weighing the specimens, and resin replicas of the worn tooth surfaces were made for examination under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: All three lubricants reduced the amount of enamel wear significantly compared with wearing specimens without adding lubricants. Wear rate was influenced by the type of lubricant and the load applied. Wear rates were significantly less for olive-oil and the olive-oil/CaF slurry compared with CaF alone. The microwear detail differed between the three lubricants. CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that enamel wear can be reduced using dry or wet lubricants between opposing teeth that are worn under controlled conditions. Further research is required to clarify their possible clinical applications.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

Comparison of the effect of fluoride and non-fluoride toothpaste on tooth wear in vitro and the influence of enamel fluoride concentration and hardness of enamel.

The effect of the presence of fluoride in toothpaste on tooth wear was investigated in extracted human premolar teeth collected from two geographic areas with different fluoride concentrations in the public water supply. Nine teeth from each area were divided bucco-lingually into matched pairs and subjected to a wear regime in vitro. The regime consisted of 5 minutes immersion in 6% citric acid buffered at pH 3.5, followed by 200 cycles of linear tooth-brushing in a slurry of either a fluoride or a non-fluoride toothpaste, the whole process repeated 720 times. Teeth collected from subjects in Birmingham (public water supply fluoridated at 1 ppm) had a higher fluoride concentration in the surface enamel (P < 0.01) and greater hardness (P < 0.001) than teeth collected from subjects in London (non-fluoridated water supply). The results showed that less wear was produced in the presence of the fluoride toothpaste than in the presence of the non-fluoride toothpaste with an otherwise identical formulation (P < 0.001), and that the amount of tooth wear in vitro was not significantly affected by differences in fluoride concentration and hardness of enamel.

Dental Enamel↗
PubMed2006

Erosive tooth wear - a multifactorial condition of growing concern and increasing knowledge.

Dental erosion is often described solely as a surface phenomenon, unlike caries where it has been established that the destructive effects involve both the surface and the subsurface region. However, besides removal and softening of the surface, erosion may show dissolution of mineral underneath the surface. There is some evidence that the presence of this condition is growing steadily. Hence, erosive tooth wear is becoming increasingly significant in the management of the long-term health of the dentition. What is considered as an acceptable amount of wear is dependent on the anticipated lifespan of the dentition and, therefore, is different for deciduous compared to permanent teeth. However, erosive damage to the permanent teeth occurring in childhood may compromise the growing child's dentition for their entire lifetime and may require repeated and increasingly complex and expensive restoration. Therefore, it is important that diagnosis of the tooth wear process in children and adults is made early and adequate preventive measures are undertaken. These measures can only be initiated when the risk factors are known and interactions between them are present. A scheme is proposed which allows the possible risk factors and their relation to each other to be examined.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prevalence of pathological tooth wear in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Although chronic alcoholism is a very common condition, with potentially harmful consequences for the sufferer, there has been little emphasis in the literature on its effects on the teeth. This study of 37 alcoholic patients showed that their teeth had significantly more wear than age and sex matched controls. The tooth wear was most marked in males, and those whose alcohol consumption was continuous rather than in the form of episodic binges. The wear appeared to be erosive in nature, and in 40% of the sample it affected the palatal surfaces of the upper anterior teeth. It is therefore suggested that general dental practitioners should bear in mind the possibility of chronic alcoholism in cases of unexplained dental erosion.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Measurements of tooth wear among Australian aborigines: I. Serial loss of the enamel crown.

The dental casts made from Aboriginal children during the course of a longitudinal growth study in Central Australia provided material for analyzing tooth wear under known environmental conditions. The wear facets produced on the occlusal surfaces were clearly preserved on the dental stone casts and recorded the progress of enamel attrition from ages 6 to 18. These casts were photographed and traced by electronic planimetric methods that automatically recorded the location and size of wear facets on the first and second permanent molars. These areas of worn tooth surface were compared to the total tooth surface. The worn surface was regressed on age to calculate wear rates of each tooth. Discriminant analyses were also performed to determine the significance of dental attrition differences between the sexes at each age group. The total wear on each tooth was highly correlated with age as expected but females wore their teeth at a significantly higher rate than males. The mandibular molars wore more rapidly than maxillary teeth in both sexes. The discriminant analysis successfully grouped 91% of the cases according to age and sex. Pattern of wear, the location, and size of wear facets also differed between age groups and sex. The questions of why there is a difference between male and female wear or why there is greater wear on one arch or arch region have no ready answers. The differing rates and pattern of dental wear do suggest that arch shape and growth rates may be the answer though it has yet to be tested. However, the occlusal surface wear is useful for age estimation in a population and provides a record of shifting masticatory forces during growth.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Covariation of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear sample.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of some factors associated with occlusal tooth wear in a selected high-wear Swedish sample. The material comprised 59 subjects having a mean age of 35 yr within the range 16-70 yr, the criteria for selection being a full or nearly full complement of natural teeth, and the presence of definite clinical signs of occlusal wear. A dentition wear index was derived from a tooth-by-tooth evaluation of casts. The results showed that men had significantly greater wear than women. Other factors which were found to correlate significantly with increased occlusal wear were: age, increased bite force, decreased occlusal tactile sensitivity, increased endurance time, and reduced tendency for crowding in the dental arches. In the salivary analysis, it was found that low buffer capacity and low rate of secretion were significantly correlated with high wear. Cephalometric variables shown to be correlated with increased wear were retroclination and position of maxillary incisors, and greater interincisal angle. The results from this study also suggest that the associations of attrition with certain dentoalveolar morphologic features are similar in the present contemporary sample and various noncontemporary populations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

A preliminary electromyographic study of bite force and jaw-closing muscle fatigue in human subjects with advanced tooth wear.

The maximum bite force was recorded in five experimental volunteers with advanced tooth wear and five control volunteers who showed no abnormal wear. All subjects were then asked to maintain a force of 50% of the maximum for as long as possible while surface electromyograms from the masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded. The bite force and endurance time were found to be slightly increased in the experimental group, but no conclusions could be drawn regarding the state of fatigue. Two significant problems with regard to fatigue studies of the jaw-closing muscles emerged from the study, namely the use of the canine position for recording of the force, and the thickness of the force meter.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A system for assessing the severity and progression of occlusal tooth wear.

This study represents an attempt to introduce a system for the longitudinal evaluation of the severity and the rate of progression of tooth wear. The material comprised a selected group of 10 males and 10 females, examined twice within an 18-month period. The subjects were predisposed to advanced occlusal wear and had a mean age of 32 years within the range of 16-56 years. Evaluation of occlusal wear was performed on a tooth-by-tooth basis, on study casts, using two ordinal scales, one for assessing the severity, and the other the progression of occlusal wear. The reliability of the scales was assessed by percentage inter-observer concordances. The sample exhibited higher occlusal wear scores in the incisor and canine regions compared to the posterior region. It was found that the overall progression in an 18-month follow-up period was slow. The inter-observer concordance in the evaluation of the severity of wear was 88%, and 91% in the progression of wear. Within the limitations of the described system, the scales may be utilized for determining the severity of occlusal wear and the rate of its deterioration in an individual's dentition. From a clinical standpoint, the need for future treatment may be based on such a evaluation of the progression of wear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of the prevalence, severity and possible causes of occlusal tooth wear in two young adult populations.

Most reports of the prevalence and severity of tooth wear in contemporary Western populations claim that advanced wear in uncommon by comparison with certain non-Western populations. Differing methods of wear evaluation in the various studies, however, preclude accurate comparisons from being made. This study records mean total and segmental wear indices obtained from the casts of a selected Swedish patient population sample, and age- and sex-matched Saudi high-wear and random samples. The wear experience of the Saudi random sample compared favourably with that of the Swedish selected one, while the wear of the Saudi high-wear sample was significantly higher than that of the Swedish sample (P < 0.01). The findings from a questionnaire revealed certain significant correlations between aetiological factors and wear, most notably, the relatively greater presence of bruxism (P < 0.01), absence of biting habits and minimal cola consumption (P < 0.01) in the Swedish sample. Harsh environmental and climatic conditions probably account for the Saudi experience of high wear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

The epidemiology of tooth wear.

There is a perception within the dental profession that the problem of pathological loss of tooth tissue is increasing. However, methods used to measure tooth wear are often complex and not reproducible. This fact, together with the lack of information on 'normal' loss of tooth tissue suggests that conclusions from current prevalence studies should be treated with caution.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Assessment of occlusal tooth wear in vervet monkeys by reflex microscopy.

A biostereometric method was used to assess the tooth wear of monkeys fed either on one of two Western-type diets, which differed in their refined carbohydrate, fat and fibre contents, or on a combination of the two diets. Certain patterns of wear as a function of diet were observed but these could not be explained adequately in terms of diet roughness alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Re-examination of incisal tooth wear in children and adolescents.

The material presented in this report was derived from a longitudinal study of the development and progress of incisal tooth wear in children and adolescents. The study group was established in 1991-1992 (baseline examination) and consisted of participants between 8 and 15 years of age. They were re-examined in 1993 (interim examination) and in 1994 (final examination). In all, 77 school children (30 females and 47 males) participated in the three examinations. The timespan between baseline and interim was on average 15 months and the period between interim and final examination averaged 16 months. The total observation period was approximately 32 months. Assessments of incisal wear was made on stone casts using the incisal wear index which was shown to have good reproducibility. The results demonstrated that the prevalence and severity of incisal wear had increased significantly with age. In general the rate of incisal wear progression was higher between baseline and interim than between interim and final examination. In this respect certain differences between the tooth types seemed to exist. At baseline the relationship between age and incisal wear was positive and statistically significant for all tooth types. At the final examination the strength of this relationship had decreased for maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors. For canine teeth of both jaws the relationship between age and incisal wear was no longer statistically significant at the final examination.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Tooth wear and loss: symptomatological and rehabilitating treatments.

The authors report a clinical case that presented tooth wear and absence, with painful muscular and articular symptomatology, and also alteration in deglutition, mastication and speech. The clinical procedures used were re-establishment of vertical dimension of occlusion, mandibular centric relations, and occlusal contacts through therapeutic removable partial dentures. The condyle position was analyzed in habitual occlusion and in occlusion with dentures, through transcranial radiographs of the temporomandibular joints. Oral rehabilitation was achieved with dental restoration and removable partial dentures.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Case report: the management of severe tooth wear with palatal resin bonded cast restorations combined with removable partial dentures.

The restoration of advanced tooth wear can present considerable problems. Conventional fixed prosthodontic treatment can be destructive to the already compromised dental tissues, time consuming and therefore costly. With recent advances in resin bonded technology, this may now be considered an option for definitive treatment in such cases. This case illustrates the use of palatal resin retained cast metal veneers. These veneers restored the worn palatal surfaces of the anterior maxillary teeth, protected them from further wear and controlled thermal sensitivity. They also provided support for a conventional maxillary partial denture.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Current terminology for tooth wear].

In general dental practice the "abrasion" diagnosis is universally used for the loss of any tooth structure irrespective of its etiology. The author's aim was to summarize and classify the types of non-caries-related tooth wear (i.e. attrition, abrasion and erosion) based on their etiology and clinical features. All dental practitioners should be aware of the criteria of differentiation and the principles of differential diagnoses because only the elimination of the etiologic factors can ensure permanent therapeutic effect. On he other hand dental practitioners should also be familiar with this field to be able to recognize the early symptoms of certain general diseases that can initially be diagnosed in he dental office. Besides the elimination of the causative factors other specialist should also be involved in the comprehensive treatment to provide long-term success and arrest the progression of the disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

Tooth crown heights, tooth wear, sexual dimorphism and jaw growth in hominoids.

The aim of this review is to bring together data that link tooth morphology with tooth function and tooth growth: We aim to show how the microanatomy of hominoid teeth is providing evidence about rates of tooth growth that are likely to be a consequence of both masticatory strategy and social behaviour. First, we present data about incisor and molar tooth wear in wild short chimpanzees that demonstrate how crown heights are likely to be related to relative tooth use in a broad sense. Following this we review recent studies that describe the microanatomy of hominoid tooth enamel and show how these studies are providing evidence about tooth crown formation times in hominoids, as well as improving estimates for the age at death of certain juvenile fossil hominids. Next, we outline what is known about the mechanisms of tooth growth in the sexually dimorphic canine teeth of chimpanzees and compare these patterns of growth with tooth growth patterns in the canines of three fossil hominids from Laetoli, Tanzania. Finally, we discuss how selection pressures that operate to increase or reduce the size of anterior teeth interact with jaw size. We argue that the space available to grow developing teeth in the mandibles of juvenile hominoids is determined by the growth patterns of the mandibles, which in turn reflect masticatory strategy. The consequences of selection pressure to grow large or small anterior teeth are likely to be reflected in the times at which these teeth are able to emerge into occlusion.

Animals↗