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Analysis of the performance of pathologists in the grading of bladder tumors.

Fifty-seven transurethrally resected bladder tumors were analyzed to determine whether different pathologists, using the World Health Organization grading system, graded the same bladder tumor differently (interindividual consistency) and whether the same pathologist graded a bladder tumor differently at different times (intraindividual consistency). Disturbingly high inter- and intraindividual inconsistency in the grading of bladder tumors was found. All pathologists showed essentially the same degree of intraindividual inconsistency: In almost 50 per cent of cases the tumor was graded differently at different times by the same pathologist. The inconsistencies might invalidate the usefulness of bladder tumor grading in clinical decision-making.

Humans↗

Flexible video cystoscope with built-in high-frequency cauterizing element for transurethral resection of bladder tumor.

The major advantage of the flexible video cystoscope is that a digital signal can be obtained while high frequency cauterization is carried out. Cauterization while observing a digital signal picture was not possible before this new model was developed. We decided to use this new cystoscope to resect a bladder tumor and coagulate the bleeding because the patient could tolerate only local anesthesia due to severe heart disease complications. We successfully treated the patient with this technique and no complications were noted. This new flexible video cystoscope was found to be safe for resecting bladder tumor under local anesthesia.

Aged↗

The value of upper tract cytology after transurethral resection of bladder tumor in patients with bladder transitional cell cancer.

PURPOSE: Patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder are at risk for concurrent or subsequent cancer of the upper tract. Traditionally disease is monitored by radiography (excretory or retrograde urography). Some elect to sample the upper tract by obtaining urine for cytology. Are the results meaningful when performed in a patient with bladder cancer? MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 27 consecutive patients with transitional cell cancer of the bladder (grade 1 to 3, Ta to T2) with bladder wash for cytology and cystoscopy as well as resection of visible tumor. A 5F ureteral catheter was positioned at each ureteral orifice, flushed with saline and passed into each renal pelvis. Urine was collected for cytology. RESULTS: Of 19 patients (68%) with high grade (grade 3) bladder cancer 13 had a positive bladder wash, including 6 (32%) with tumor cells detected in the urine from the upper tract. Of 8 patients (38%) with low grade (grade 1 to 2) transitional cell cancer 3 had a positive bladder wash and 2 (25%) had a positive upper tract cytology. All patients had a normal upper tract by excretory or retrograde urography. Ureteroscopy was not performed. CONCLUSIONS: Given the normal appearance of the upper urinary tract, it is highly unlikely that most, if any, of these patients with bladder cancer have tumor in the upper tract despite tumor cells in urine obtained by retrograde catheterization. Thus, upper tract sampling by a retrograde technique lacks specificity for localizing transitional cell cancer to the upper tract when performed in a patient with bladder cancer.

Aged↗