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Results for “Truth Disclosure”

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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Decreased drug reporting in a cross-sectional student drug use survey.

PURPOSE: Prior longitudinal cohort studies have suggested that reinterviews about drug use often lead to decreased reports of lifetime substance use (recanting). Respondents may edit their answers on reinterview because of perceptions regarding question threat. Since reinterviews usually occur after long periods of time, the influence of inadequate recall (memory), cannot be ruled out. In order to evaluate the relative importance of editing and memory on recanting, we examined a cross-sectional survey administered in 1993 to a probability sample of Illinois students who were in the 7th through 12th grade. METHODS: Two sets of self-administered survey questions assessed drug use: the I-SAY drug-use questionnaire, and a supplemental questionnaire asked at the end of the main survey. We compared the rates of "new use" (no use for a drug reported in the I-SAY, use reported for a drug on the supplement) with rates of recanting (use for a drug reported on the I-SAY, no use for a drug reported on the supplement). RESULTS: Recanting was generally more pronounced than new use, especially for cocaine, heroin, marijuana, and inhalants. Those classified as light or inconsistent users on the I-SAY were significantly more likely to recant their drug use reports.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Nutrient intakes of an adult Pakistani, European and African-Caribbean community in inner city Britain.

OBJECTIVES: To report nutrient intakes for three different ethnic groups living in inner city Manchester and explore under-reporting in each group. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. All participants completed one of three food frequency questionnaires, specifically developed for each ethnic group, and took part in a larger international survey of risk factors for diabetes and hypertension. SETTING: Participants were drawn randomly from seven GP registers in inner city Manchester, UK. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 25-79 years, 86 European, 246 African-Caribbean origin and 84 Pakistani origin participants were included in the analysis. RESULTS: Body mass index was highest in the Pakistani women, 30.2 kg m-2. European participants had the highest reported energy intakes (EIs) for men and women (10.9 and 9.6 MJ, respectively). Pakistani men and women had the highest percentage of energy from fat (36.7 and 36.6%, respectively). Iron intakes were low in the African-Caribbean group and calcium intakes were low in the Pakistani group. Under-reporting [assessed as EI : basal metabolic rate (BMR) ratio <1.2] appeared to be high and occurred across all ethnic groups, with those apparently under-reporting having higher BMIs in all groups. CONCLUSION: The data provide nutrient intake estimates in three different ethnic groups using a similar method. Limitations include under-reporting across all ethnic groups in a similar pattern with under-reporters having higher BMIs in all groups, as found elsewhere.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Disclosing HIV seropositivity to significant others.

OBJECTIVES: To examine gay men's patterns of self-disclosure of HIV seropositivity to friends, lovers, relatives and colleagues; to assess the effects of disclosure; and to identify reasons for not disclosing to particular individuals. DESIGN: Longitudinal questionnaire survey of gay men. METHODS: A total of 163 HIV-positive men participating in the AIDS Behavioral Research Project, a longitudinal study of San Francisco gay men, completed questionnaires about their self-disclosure patterns, health status, and psychological well-being. RESULTS: HIV-positive men were most likely to disclose their status to lovers and closest gay friends. Asymptomatic men were less likely to disclose to relatives and colleagues than symptomatic men. Friends and lovers were rated as responding more helpfully than relatives and colleagues. Men who perceived their significant others as responding more helpfully were less depressed and anxious currently and 1 year later. A variety of reasons were given for not disclosing, including not wanting to worry others, fear of discrimination, fear of disrupting relationships, and emotional self-protection. CONCLUSION: While disclosure can have advantages for both HIV-positive individuals and their significant others, HIV-positive individuals must be assured that the benefits of doing so will outweigh the potential costs.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children with cancer talk about their own death with their families.

In this study we looked at children dying from progressive malignant diseases and their families, to see whether they discussed the child's impending death together. We also looked at what factors might influence this. We questioned staff in the oncology department about their attitude to an open approach in talking about death and their views of how often it occurred. Analysis of 31 children over 3 years old and their families showed that the approach of death was mutually acknowledged by six families (19%); seven (23%) children were felt to know but chose not to discuss death; in two (6%) families, discussion with the child was blocked; nine (29%) children died unaware, and in seven (23%) families, what the children felt was unknown. Staff members (22) all advocated an open, honest approach in talking to children about their death but varied widely and overestimated how often they believed discussion of the child's impending death occurred (range, 10%-80%; median, 45%).

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

In whose interest?

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Conflict of Interest↗
PubMed1991

The so-called 'therapeutic privilege' or 'contra-indication': its nature and role in non-disclosure cases.

This article critically examines the nature, scope and application of the so-called 'therapeutic privilege' or 'contra-indication' as a defence to a failure to procure an informed consent to medical interventions. This is done within the context of the doctor's legal-ethical duty to inform his patient of the diagnosis and treatment on the hand and his sometimes conflicting medico-ethical duty to heal on the other, with special reference to the application of the defence in cases of solicited information and lie-telling.

Disclosure↗