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PubMed1981

["Ultrastructural aspects of amniotic-fluid cells" A. non-vital cells. iii. large squamous cells (author's transl)].

Until desquamation of vernix caseosa near the end of gestation the large, non-keratinizing squamous cells, which have their origin mostly from upper intestinal tract, vagina and urinary tract, form the majority of the population of cells in amniotic fluid. Their structure, as seen by electron microscopy is described, especially it's changes during the process of degeneration after the cell has been desquamated into amniotic fluid: dissolution or condensation of the nucleus, cytoplasmatic changes with appearance of filaments and vesicular corpuscles, and decreasing glycogen content.

Amniocentesis↗
PubMed1980

Evaluation of fetal pulmonary maturity by gas-chromatographic analysis of amniotic fluid palmitic acid/stearic acid (P/S) ratio.

Gas-chromatographic analysis of the fatty acids (P/S ratio) in 212 samples of amniotic fluid, 35 samples of vernix caseosa and 35 samples of the pellets obtained after centrifugation of the amniotic fluid were carried out to evaluate the effects of contaminants that might be present in amniotic fluid on the P/S ratio. The P/S ratio is used as an index of the degree of maturity of the fetal or neonatal lungs. Analysis of variance applied to the means of the P/S values for each of above materials showed them to be significantly different and attests to the importance of centrifugation for obtaining valid results. We propose a standard procedure of centrifugation for 60 minutes at 3500 X g followed by extraction and gas-chromatography as a rapid, valid way to measure the P/S ratio.

Amniotic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

ADAM sequence and innocent amniotic band: manifestations of early amnion rupture.

Thirteen placentas with early amnion rupture (EAR) are described. These placentas were characterized by the absence of amniotic epithelium on the fetal surface, presence of a slightly fibrotic small amniotic band (remnant) attaching to the umbilical cord at the placental end, and the presence of degenerated vernix squamous cells in the fibrous stroma of chorion and amnion. Eight fetuses had ADAM sequence. Six of these fetuses were miscarried between 16 and 28 weeks of gestation. Two affected infants were born alive at gestational ages of 29 and 39 weeks. Five infants were spared by ADAM sequence; two had the umbilical cord strangulated by an amniotic band and were delivered at 27 and 37 weeks. In the 3 infants unassociated with ADAM sequence or strangulation of the umbilical cord, their placentas were interpreted as having innocent amniotic band (IAB) and they were delivered between 32 and 40 weeks. The findings in this study support Torpin's hypothesis that ADAM sequence is a complication of EAR. This ADAM sequence due to simple EAR must be separated from the limb body wall malformation complex because visceral anomalies are uncommon in the former condition but are frequently seen in the latter. In this study the placental pathology of EAR was helpful in confirming the ADAM sequence in the fetus.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1975

Surface properties of the amniotic fluid in normal pregnancy.

The surface properties of the amniotic fluid were determined in 96 normal pregnancies between weeks 23 and 41. The y-max, y-min, hysteresis areaa, and stability index were used as parameters for evaluation of the surface tension are diagrams. These results were plotted against the gestation week and a curve for the normal course of surface tension of the amniotic fluid during the second half of gestation was obtained. The influence of addition of blood, vernix, and meconium to amniotic fluid as well as that of changes in the pH and dilution were examined. The results were unaffected by either blood, vernix, or pH changes. The slight scatter of the y-min values makes this parameter particularly suitable for determining fetal lung maturity.

Amniotic Fluid↗