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At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

A comprehensive survey of graduate education and training in hazardous waste management.

The United States Department of Health and Human Services through Wayne State University (WSU) has completed a study of hazardous waste education and training in the United States. The study documents university course work and degrees as well as non-degree continuing education short courses. Major portions of the study are based on a WSU sponsored survey in which 1469 four-year degree granting institutions were contacted. Of the 732 institutions responding, 113 were identified as offering course work of some kind in hazardous waste. Information on 499 distinct non-degree short courses was also gathered and evaluated. The purpose, methodology and results of the study are summarized in this article.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1991

Nutrient, waste management, and hygiene systems for chemical protective suits.

Current United States military chemical protective ensembles do not provide for feeding, removing body wastes, or ensuring the hygiene of troops operating in a contaminated environment. As part of a nuclear-biological-chemical life support demonstration program, systems were developed to provide these capabilities. The nutrient system consisted of foods packaged in tube dispensers and a delivery system compatible with North Atlantic Treaty Organization respirators. The waste management/hygiene systems consisted of waste collection and hygiene items incorporated into a retractable-arm suit design with integrated airlock. A field demonstration of the systems resulted in successful use by armored vehicle personnel, high, positive user feedback, and only minor functional problems.

Chemical Warfare↗
PubMed1991

Food-chain and dose model, CALDOS, for assessing Canada's Nuclear Fuel Waste Management concept.

The food-chain and dose model, CALculation of DOSe (CALDOS), was developed for assessing Canada's concept for nuclear fuel waste disposal in a vault deep in crystalline rock of the Canadian Shield. The model is very general and based on the Shield as a whole. The critical group is totally self-sufficient and represented by ICRP (1975) Reference Man for dose prediction. CALDOS assumes steady-state conditions and deals with variation and uncertainty through Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Ingrowth of some radioactive daughters is considered during food-chain transfer. A limit is set on root uptake to avoid unrealistic plant concentrations. Integrated ingestion and inhalation rates of man are calculated in a unique way, based on energy needs. Soil ingestion by man and external exposure from building material are unique pathways considered. Tritium, 129I, and 222Rn are treated through special models, and 14C and 129I involve unique geosphere dose limits. All transfer coefficients are lognormally distributed, and the plant/soil concentration ratio is correlated with the soil partition coefficient. Animals' ingestion rates are normally distributed and correlated with each other. Comprehensive sets of internal and external dose conversion factors were calculated for CALDOS. Sample calculations show that dose distributions tend to be strongly right-skewed. Many features of CALDOS are relevant for environmental assessment in general.

Animals↗