PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “bone marrow cellularity”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 127 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Bone marrow 99m Tc sulfur colloid distribution and marrow cellularity.

The relationship between marrow distribution as imaged with 99mTc sulfur colloid and histologic estimate of bone marrow cellularity was examined in 101 patients. The patients were divided into three groups according to marrow cellularity: normocellular, hypercellular or hypocellular marrow. The marrow distribution of these patients was graded as extended, not extended or not visualized. A general association between marrow cellularity and marrow distribution was found. Seventy-seven per cent of patients with normocellular marrow had limitation of marrow within normal sites and a similar number of patients with reactive hypercellular marrow had marrow extension. On analysis of the patients that were exceptions to this generalization the following observations were made. In patients in whom the marrow is hypercellular and infiltrated with abnormal cells or tissue the marrow distribution may not be visualized with radiocolloid. Stimulation of hematopoiesis may result in marrow hypercellularity without marrow extension beyond the usual sites. Stimulation of one or more hematopoietic cell lines may result in marrow extension without marrow hypercellularity, suggesting an impairment of hematopoietic cell response. Peripheral marrow extension as observed with radiocolloid, therefore, is not simply a reflection of marrow hypercellularity but probably represents a response of the bone marrow stroma to situations in which one or more hematopoietic cell lines is stimulated.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Murine neonate hemopoiesis following in utero total-body irradiation.

Irradiation (50-200 rad of cobalt-60 gamma rays) on day 10.5 of gestation in the mouse had the following residual effects on neonate and juvenile hemopoiesis: (a) greater damage observed in the day-15 juvenile than in the day-9 neonate; (b) greater fluctuation of peripheral blood hemogram indices from normal values in the day-15 animal than in the day-9 animal; (c) spleen cellularity affected more than bone marrow cellularity; (d) greater radiation injury reflected by bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells (erythroid: BFU-E and CFU-E; granulocyte-macrophage: GM-CFC; megakaryocyte: Meg-CFC), and (e) a more pronounced decrease in medulla- and spleen-erythropoietic activity with each increase in dose of irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bone marrow findings before and after treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin in chronic hemodialyzed patients.

The stimulating effect of rHuEPO on erythropoiesis has been shown in several studies, using bone marrow cell culture or animal models. To investigate the effect of rHuEPO on bone marrow findings in vivo, we studied the bone marrow cellularity, the myeloid: erythroid (M:E) ratio, an estimate of the number of megakaryocytes, any cytomorphologic or maturation abnormalities, and an estimate of the storage iron before and after 3 months of treatment with rHuEPO in 10 chronic hemodialyzed patients. Nine patients showed a slight or moderate decrease of erythropoiesis in bone marrow in comparison to normal bone marrow before rHuEPO treatment. The bone marrow cellularity was a mean of 28.5% and decreased in 8 out of 10 patients compared to normal values. However, megakaryopoiesis and granulopoiesis were normal. Three months of treatment with rHuEPO had increased erythropoiesis in all 10 patients, including one patient whose bone marrow proved to be normal erythropoiesis on baseline examination. The M:E ratio was significantly decreased from 4.0 +/- 1.2:1 to 2.4 +/- 1.1:1 (p < 0.005). The bone marrow cellularity was also increased in 9 patients, except in 1 patient whose specimen was inadequate for diagnosis, after 3 months of treatment with rHuEPO. On baseline examination of bone marrow, iron staining was undetectable in one, low in one, normal in 2 and high in 5 sections. According to grading, iron staining had decreased from 3.1 +/- 1.7 to 2.1 +/- 0.9 (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Effects of hemin on apoptosis, suppression of cytochrome c oxidase gene expression, and bone-marrow toxicity induced by doxorubicin (adriamycin).

We have shown that hemin (iron-protoporphyrin IX) selectively counteracts doxorubicin (Adriamycin, ADR)-induced cytotoxicity on human leukemia K-562 cells by preventing ADR from inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX), a novel target site for anthracyclines. Here, we investigated whether or not (a) treatment with ADR promotes apoptosis and represses the expression of two COX genes (one nuclear and one mitochondrial) in human K-562 cells in the absence and presence of hemin, and (b) injection of hemin preserves bone-marrow cellularity in ADR-myelosuppressed rats. Cultured K-562 cells were incubated with varying concentrations of ADR.HCl (0.2 microM to 5 microM) in the presence and absence of hemin (30 microM) and assessed for DNA degradation, as well as for expression of mitochondrial COXII and nuclear COXIV genes by RNA Northern blot hybridization analysis. In parallel, we investigated whether or not hemin injected i.p. in myelosuppressed rats affected ADR-induced bone-marrow cytotoxicity. These studies have shown the following: (a) ADR caused a dose- and time-dependent DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis, in K-562 cells; (b) hemin reduced the frequency of cell death caused by ADR: this effect was specific for ADR, because hemin failed to prevent apoptosis induced by methotrexate (MTX) in these cells; (c) ADR suppressed expression of COXIV and COXII genes, and exposure of ADR-treated K-562 cells to hemin did not reverse this suppression; and (d) i.p. injection of hemin in ADR-myelosuppressed rats improved bone-marrow cellularity, promoted colony formation (CFU-GM and CFU-F), and stromal cell outgrowth; moreover, hemin increased WBC counts depressed 12 days after ADR treatment. These studies indicate that hemin is a selective inhibitor of ADR-induced apoptosis of human leukemia cells and preserves bone-marrow cellularity in rats injected with ADR.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[MR tomography of the bone marrow changes after high-dosage chemotherapy and autologous peripheral stem-cell transplantation].

PURPOSE: Evaluation of MR standard imaging and short time inversion recovery (STIR) imaging to assess changes in red bone marrow cellularity after high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) and peripheral blood stem cells transplantation (PBSCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-one magnetic resonance (MR) studies were performed in 15 patients (8 female and 7 male, average age 45 years) who received HDC and PBSCT for therapy of either a solid tumor or multiple myeloma. All patients underwent MR examinations of the lumbar region and both femora with T1- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) and STIR sequences at predefined time intervals. Qualitative analysis of the signal intensity was performed by consensus reading of four radiologists. MR results were correlated with results of blood smears and marrow histology. RESULTS: STIR sequences demonstrated marked changes in signal intensity not only until the aplasia occurred but also during bone marrow repopulation. An increased signal intensity was observed after HDC in 13/15 patients (87%), followed by a decrease in signal intensity immediately after aplasia in 14/15 patients (93%). Signal intensity further changed parallel to marrow engraftment in 11/15 patients (73%). T2-TSE only showed clear changes during repopulation in 8/15 patients (53%). The individual course of the signal in T1-TSE was markedly inhomogeneous. CONCLUSIONS: STIR sequences show bone marrow edema during aplasia and marrow cellularity during reconstitution and are suitable for characterisation of red bone marrow after HDC and autologous PBSCT.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Prognostic factors in myelofibrosis.

The prognostic significance of spleen size, hemoglobin level (Hb), platelet count and hemopoietic cellularity of the bone marrow was assessed in 33 patients with myelofibrosis. Of these 4 parameters, only the Hb (P less than 0.01) and bone marrow cellularity (P less than 0.001) were found to be useful indicators of prognosis. Patients with Hb greater than 10 g/dl had a median survival greater than 110 mth while those with Hb less than 10 g/dl had a median survival of 22.5 mth; patients with hemopoietic hypercellularity in the bone marrow had a median survival greater than 110 mth while those with a normo- or hypocellularity had a median survival of 20.5 mth. There was significant correlation (P less than 0.01) between the marrow cellularity and the Hb level; 71% of patients with a normo- or hypocellular marrow had Hb less than 10 g/dl, while 79% of those with a hypercellular marrow had Hb greater than 10 g/dl.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Effect of hot and humid environment on bone marrow and spleen of mice exposed to gamma irradiation].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of hot and humid environment (HHE) on the bone marrow and spleen in mouse exposed to gamma irradiation. METHODS: After exposure to gamma irradiation at the dosage of 6.5 Gy, the mice were subjected to treatment in HHE for 1 h or at room temperature (RT) respectively. After exposure to HHE, the mice in HHE group were kept at RT. The bone marrow and spleen of the mice in both RT and HHE groups were examined at 1, 3, 5, 9 and 15 days after irradiation for bone marrow cellularity, DNA content in the bone marrow cells, and spleen/body weight ratio. RESULTS: Compared with the RT group, mice in the HEE group showed aggravation of decreases in bone marrow cells, DNA content and spleen/body weight ratio. CONCLUSIONS: HHE aggravates radiation injury of the bone marrow and spleen in mice.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Hematological toxicity of repeated injections of (chloro-2-ethyl)-ribofuranosyl-3-nitrosourea.

A previous study using a single injection of (chloro-2-ethyl)ribofuranosyl-3-nitrosourea has indicated the low acute hematotoxicity of this nitrosourea. However, because the hematotoxicity of nitrosourea is usually cumulative, we have studied the effect of injecting (chloro-2-ethyl)ribofuranosyl-3-nitrosourea (15 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.2 ml sterile oil C57BL X i.p. into DBA/2F1 mice for 5 consecutive weeks. The dose per injection represents the minimal dose necessary to show the maximal therapeutic efficacy on L1210 leukemia. Bone marrow cellularity and histology, spleen weight, bone marrow and splenic pluripotent stem cells, and colony-forming units committed to granulocyte-macrophage differentiation were measured 1, 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after the last injection in treated and control mice receiving oil only. No morphological or histological changes were found in the spleen and bone marrow of treated mice. In both organs, the number of splenic pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells decreased by about 1 log 1 day after the last injection but rapidly returned to normal values on Days 4 to 14. Granulocyte-macrophage-committed precursors were affected in both organs, at 20% of control values for bone marrow and 5% of control values for spleen on Day 1, with a transient and partial recovery on Day 4 followed by a second drop to 20 and 25% on Day 14. This effect on granulocyte-macrophage precursors contrasts with the absence of significant effect when the same treatment is used on peripheral white blood cell counts. Our results demonstrate that (chloro-2-ethyl)ribofuranosyl-3-nitrosourea belongs to the class of new nitrosoureas with low cumulative hematotoxicity.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Neutrophil chemotactic factors promote leukocytosis. A common mechanism for cellular recruitment from bone marrow.

We investigated cellular responses in a rabbit to i.v. administration of five established chemotactic factors (leukotriene B4 (LTB4), platelet-activating factor (PAF), C5a, N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (F-MLF), and IL-8), and each exerted a characteristic effect on circulating white blood cell levels. All five factors induced a rapid and transient leukopenia. The blood was nearly devoid of circulating neutrophils 5 min after administration of each chemotactic factor. Other leukocytes were also variably depleted during the leukopenic phase, including eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. The lymphocyte numbers remained significantly depressed (approximately 30%) for as long as 3 h after administration of PAF or f-MLF. Each chemotactic factor produced a marked neutrophilia (i.e., 250-400% of baseline levels) after the initial leukopenia. Eosinophil numbers were elevated along with the neutrophil response in the C5a- and LTB4-treated animals. Basophil levels were significantly elevated only in LTB4-treated animals. The cellular response to PAF, f-MLF, and IL-8 appeared to be specific for the neutrophils. The kinetic profiles of the neutrophilia induced by PAF (10 micrograms/kg) or f-MLF (2.5 micrograms/kg) were similar, with maximal responses occurring 3 to 4 h after administration. In contrast, LTB4 (10 micrograms/kg), IL-8 (2.5 micrograms/kg), and C5a (5 micrograms/kg) induced a more rapid neutrophilia, with peak responses occurring 1 to 1.5 h after injection, and remaining elevated for 3 to 4 h. In all animals the neutrophilia was accompanied by a relative increase in the number of nonsegmented neutrophils (bands), suggesting that a major component of leukocytosis is caused by the release of bone marrow reserves. Phenidone (10 mg/kg), a dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, affected neither the neutropenia nor the neutrophilia induced by C5a, f-MLF, or PAF. The protein synthesis inhibitor actinomycin D also failed to suppress neutrophil responses induced by either C5a or PAF. These results suggest that leukocytosis is a common response induced by all neutrophil chemotactic factors. Leukocytosis appears to be a direct result of the dynamic adaptive response of neutrophils to chemotactic factor stimulation without involvement of a secondary mediator system.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Attempt at quantification of the cytotoxic drug-induced changes of the human bone marrow compartments.

In order to describe the changes of the human bone marrow compartments after repeated courses of adriamycin/cyclophosphamide in quantitative terms, 2 methods have been studied for their usefulness as indices of bone marrow cellularity: cell counts per ml of bone marrow aspirates obtained under standardized conditions, and cell counts per microliter of bone marrow spicules evaluated by morphometric techniques. Applied to a sufficiently large group of patients, both methods were useful to describe the cytotoxic drug-induced changes of the bone marrow compartments in accordance with the following indirect criteria: (a) the results in man are quite compatible with the changes of haematopoiesis described in animal experiments after cytotoxic drugs; (b) the changes of the peripheral blood cell pools - PMN and reticulocytes -, which can be assessed quantitatively, correspond to the changes of the respective bone marrow pools as determined by the described indices of cellularity; (c) this quantitative description of drug-induced changes in the human bone marrow compartments yields 'reasonable' results on the basis of both the mechanism of action of the cytotoxic drugs employed and the kinetics of the haematopoietic system studied.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1983

Effects of prenatal irradiation on fetal, neonate, and young adult murine hemopoiesis.

B6D2F1 mice received cobalt-60 radiation on day 10.5 of gestation at doses of 50 to 300 rad at a dose rate of 40 rad per min. These animals were studied at four selected age periods: (a) day 14.5 of gestation, (b) neonate, (c) juvenile, and (d) 13 week-old adult. Fetal liver cellularity, morphology, and hemopoietic progenitor cell concentration reflected injury after 200 rad. The 15 day-old mouse spleen cellularity was affected more than bone marrow cellularity, but greater radiation injury was reflected by bone marrow hemopoietic progenitor cells. Fluctuations from normal hematopoietic values were greater in the 15 day-old juvenile than in the 9 day-old neonate, commencing with 50 rad. These included peripheral blood parameters and marrow- and spleen-derived erythroid-, granulocytic- and megakaryocytic-progenitor cells. The consequences of prenatal irradiation (150 rad) were evident in the 13 week-old mouse. This was manifested by a reduced spleen cellularity and perturbations in concentrations of hemopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

Effects of dietary technical pentachlorophenol exposure on T cell, macrophage and natural killer cell activity in C57Bl/6 mice.

The effects of technical grade pentachlorophenol (T-PCP) exposure on several immunological parameters were examined in adult C57Bl/6 mice following eight weeks of dietary exposure. Immune function tests included mitogen-induced lymphocyte blastogenesis, mixed lymphocyte reactivity (proliferation and cytotoxicity), spontaneous and boosted levels of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, and phagocytic activity of resident, thioglycollate-induced, and P815-tumor activated peritoneal macrophages. Thymic and splenic weights, spleen cellularity, percentages of splenic T and B cells, and bone marrow cellularity were also determined. The only statistically significant functional alteration observed in T-PCP exposed mice in these studies was a reduction in the lymphoproliferative response in mixed lymphocyte culture which occurred in the absence of any apparent effect on the generation of cytotoxic cells. Mitogen responses, NK cytotoxicity and macrophage phagocytosis were unaltered by exposure to T-PCP. No changes were observed in spleen or thymus weights or in spleen or bone marrow cellularity. A dose-responsive trend toward reduced T cell and increased B cell percentages in the spleen of T-PCP exposed mice was noted. The apparent functional resistance of T cells, macrophages, and NK cells to T-PCP is in contrast to the marked sensitivity of the humoral immune response to T-PCP induced suppression. The results are discussed in relation to the dioxin contaminants present in T-PCP.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Bone marrow iron depression in competitive distance runners.

Suboptimal hemoglobin and serum iron have been reported in endurance athletes. In the present study peripheral blood, bone marrow cellularity and hemosiderin, serum iron and serum iron binding capacity were observed in 12 competitive distance runners. Hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume and concentration, serum iron and iron binding capacity were within normal range. Peripheral blood showed mild hypochromia in six runners, bone marrow cellularity was reduced in two, while bone marrow hemosiderin granules were absent in seven and traces were seen in five. These data suggest that a proportion of highly trained distance runners have insufficient iron stores and need supplementation to balance their iron requirements.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Regeneration of blood-forming organs after autologous leukocyte transfusion in lethally irradiated dogs. I. Distribution and cellularity of the bone marrow in normal dogs.

Marrow cellularity in adult beagles (1-2 yr old) is highest in centrally located bones, with values between 8000 and 12,000 nucleated cells per sq mm. It decreases gradually towards the peripheral parts of the body, reaching values below 1000 per sq mm in bones distal to the elbow and knee. The first tail segment always contains some active marrow. The fifth segment has only stromal elements. In spongy bones fat cells appear to be distributed at random among the blood-forming elements. In the middle part of the femur the fatty marrow predominates in the center of the cylinder, while the subendosteal area is very cellular. The proximal and distal ends of the femur are more cellular than the middle. The small standard deviation of the cellularity in the spongy bones of the trunk and in the proximal and middle part of the humerus makes these sites areas of choice for quantitative studies of marrow regeneration. The large variations in cellularity of the marrow in the radius and tibia of young adult dogs make these sites unsuitable for such studies. The distribution of active and fatty marrow in dogs is similar to that of humans. The differential count of active marrow is quite constant between different dogs and in the various sites of each animal.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Fetal liver infusion in aplastic anaemia.

Forty patients with severe aplastic anaemia received an intravenous infusion of 0.004 to 11.1 x 10(8) (median: 8 x 10(8) hematopoietic cells prepared from the fetal livers of 8-32 week old abortuses. Five patients, who died within 15 days of fetal liver infusion, are excluded from analysis. Twenty-two of the 35 evaluable patients (62%) responded favourably. Six of the 7 patients with good response were alive after 9 to 44 months (median: m = 20); one died 106 months after fetal liver infusion due to renal lithiasis. Four of the 7 with moderate response were alive after 9 to 31 months; 3 died within 16 months. Of 8 patients with minimal response, one was lost to follow-up and the others died in 3.4 to 10 months (m = 6). Median survival of responders was 15.7 months. Bone marrow cellularity became normal in 12 patients following fetal liver infusion. In seven patients, there was a relapse; 6 regained a normal bone marrow cellularity after a second or third fetal liver infusion. These data strongly suggest a role of fetal liver infusion in inducing bone marrow recovery. Of 13 non-responders, 4 were lost to follow-up and 9 died within 20 days-4.3 months (m = 1.6). Fetal liver infusion appears to be an effective therapy in patients with severe aplastic anaemia.

Anemia, Aplastic↗
PubMed1997

Bone marrow innervation regulates cellular retention in the murine haemopoietic system.

An anatomical analysis of the innervation of murine femora revealed intimate association of haemopoietic and stromal cells with nerve fibres. The mechanical denervation of these femora resulted in significant mobilization of cells into the peripheral blood within 24h. There was a decrease in femoral cellularity and analysis of the type of cells mobilized also revealed that there was an increase in progenitor cells in the peripheral blood. In non-splenectomized mice these progenitor cells were quickly cleared from the circulation. Chemical sympathectomy of mice with 6-hydroxydopamine resulted in decreased bone marrow cellularity without a change in bone marrow or peripheral blood progenitor cell numbers, nor the sustained rise in peripheral leucocytes observed with whole nerve denervation. These observations argue for selective control of mobilization by the nervous system and also indicate possible control of proliferation within the bone marrow. We conclude that the innervation has an important role in the maintenance of the blood-marrow interface, control of peripheral blood cell numbers, and mobilization of colony forming cells into the periphery.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Mice primed with swainsonine are protected against doxorubicin-induced lethality.

The anthracycline, doxorubicin is a potent cancer chemotherapeutic agent whose therapeutic usefulness is limited by both a dose- and time-dependent cardiomyopathy. We tested the ability of an immunomodulatory alkaloid swainsonine (8alphabeta-indolizidine-1alpha,2alpha,8beta-triol) to protect C57BL/6 mice against lethality within 70 days following a single bolus intraperitoneal injection of LD50/14 doxorubicin. Also, we sought the potential mechanisms responsible for this protection. This extended 70-day study in mice, which may be considered equivalent to a period of 4 to 5 years in humans, has clinical implication for delayed cardiotoxic sequela of therapy with high dose doxorubicin. Mice were pretreated with swainsonine or its diluent buffer, phosphate buffered saline for ten consecutive days prior to a single bolus intraperitoneal injection of a LD50/14 doxorubicin. We have previously defined this swainsonine pretreatment regimen as one of the two optimal conditions for swainsonine rescue of mice from death induced by LD50/14 doxorubicin. The survival and well being of groups of mice pretreated with swainsonine and phosphate buffered saline prior to LD50/14 doxorubicin, sham-treated and untreated were monitored daily for up to 70 days. The bone marrow cellularity of the mice were quantified, and in vitro progenitor cell assays were used to determine the effects of these treatment regimens on bone marrow competence following doxorubicin treatment. The effects of these treatment regimens on heart morphology and hematologic toxicities were also determined. This swainsonine pretreatment regimen significantly abrogated doxorubicin-induced lethality and prolonged survival of mice by facilitating restoration of bone marrow cellularity, accelerating restoration of blood hematocrit and total leukocyte levels, enhancing the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow pluripotent stem cells along the different paths to progenitor lineages, and preserving the heart morphology. This study strongly suggests a potential role for swainsonine with doxorubicin in cancer chemotherapy.

Animals↗