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PubMed1982

Symposium: classification of leukemia. 1. The classification of acute leukemia.

Two main forms of acute leukemia have been recognized by the French-American-British (FAB) group: myeloid (AML) and lymphoblastic (ALL). Some types of AML can be diagnosed on well prepared bone marrow films stained with May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Poorly differentiated types, myeloblastic (M1) and monoblastic (M5PD), need confirmation by positive cytochemical reactions (Sudan Black B, myeloperoxidase and non-specific esterase). There are 2 sub-types of promyelocytic leukemia: M3 typical, hypergranular and M3 variant, microgranular. The M3 variant has a more acute course, higher WBC and may require cytochemistry to demonstrate promyelocytic differentiation. Electron microscopic cytochemistry can also help in the classification of difficult AML cases; the 'platelet-peroxidase' reaction, for example, is essential for the diagnosis of megakaryoblastic leukemia, a disorder often presenting as 'acute' myelosclerosis. Three morphological types are seen in ALL: L1, predominantly in children, L2, more frequently in adults, and the relatively rare L3 or Burkitt type. Immunological and enzyme markers (ALL and la antigens, terminal transferase, etc.) help define the cell phenotype: (1) non-B, non-T ALL with 3 forms (common, null and pre-B), (2) T-ALL, related to but distinct from T-lymphoblastic lymphoma, and (3) B-ALL, usually with L3 morphology, There is growing evidence that the FAB morphological types correlate with prognosis in ALL independently of other factors. The immunologically defined types also correlate with prognosis but not as an independent variable.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1999

Recognition of a protein fold in the context of the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) classification.

A computational method has been developed for the assignment of a protein sequence to a folding class in the Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP). This method uses global descriptors of a primary protein sequence in terms of the physical, chemical, and structural properties of the constituent amino acids. Neural networks are utilized to combine these descriptors in a way to discriminate members of a given fold from members of all other folds. An extensive testing of the method has been performed to evaluate its prediction accuracy. The method is applicable for the fold assignment of any protein sequence with or without significant sequence homology to known proteins. A WWW page for predicting protein folds is available at URL http://cbcg.lbl.gov/.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1992

[Histological classification of malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphomas and patient survival: the Kiel classification versus the working formulation].

In 163 out of 251 histologically classified malignant Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, a comparison was made of the patient survival with respect to both histological type and malignant grade according to the Kiel Classification (KC) and the three prognostic groups of the Working Formulation (WF). As expected, the survival rate of 94 low-grade malignant lymphoma cases (KC) was significantly better than that of 69 high-grade cases (p < 0.0001). Similar results were found both for 46 low grade cases (WF) in comparison to 50 high grade cases (p < 0.001) and for 67 intermediate grade cases (WF) compared with the 50 high grade cases (p < 0.05). The survival rates of low and intermediate grade cases (WF), however, showed no statistically significant difference. The low- and high-grade malignant lymphoma entities of KC, which together constitute the intermediate grade of WF, differed significantly with respect to patient survival (p < 0.05). Therefore, it appears that an intermediate grade is not essential in the KC.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

Hyperlipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia and apolipoproteinopathia--classification and risk of atheroslcerosis. Part I: Principles of classification and methods of dyslipoproteinemia determination.

This paper sums up new findings in the field of pathogenetic relations between lipid and lipoprotein metabolical disorders on the one hand and the risk of early forms of atherosclerosis on the other hand. Detail classification of disorders proceeds from precise clinical and biochemical criteria, genetic considerations and therapeutical aspects. It provides definitions of hyperlipidemia, hyperlipoproteinemia, normolipidemic (latent) dyslipoproteinemia, secondary hyperlipidemia, apolipoproteinopathia and relatively harmless (benign) hyperlipidemia. The paper provides detail tables and systematic graphs.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Classification and prognostic evaluation in multiple myeloma. A retrospective study of relationship of survivals and responses to chemotherapy to immunological types, 20 single prognostic factors, 15 clinical staging systems, and 6 morphological classifications.

In a group of 136 completely followed up patients with multiple myeloma, the prognostic significance of the immunological myeloma types, of 20 different single prognostic factors, of 15 clinical staging systems, and of 6 morphological classifications was retrospectively investigated by means of the calculation of mean survivals, survival curves, and responses to chemotherapy. A univariate analysis was employed in order to correlate each prognostic parameter at presentation with the survival in the whole group; a multivariate analysis according to the Cox's hazards regression model was used in order to select the most powerful prognostic variables. The patients were grouped according to the myeloma immunological types, to the mean value of each single prognostic factor, and to each stage of the clinical and morphological systems. Causes of death were also related to immunological multiple myeloma types. All single variables, except age and serum calcium, presented a significant relationship with the survival, even if at different significance levels. Cox's regression model selected among them, serum levels of beta 2-microglobulin, percentage of bone marrow plasma cells, hemoglobinemia, lytic bone lesions, and Bence-Jones proteinuria as the most significant factors related to survival. Each clinical and morphological staging system divided groups of patients with significant differences in mean survivals, or in survival curves, or in response to therapy. Multiple myeloma type IgA and micromolecular, with Bence-Jones proteinuria, and type lambda were associated with a poor prognosis, with low therapeutical response, and with the development of fatal renal failure. All these parameters, together with new prognostic factors, are useful in the prognostic evaluation, and, when applied in different steps of the diagnosis and the therapy, allow of studying the clinical course of multiple myeloma under different perspectives, in order to have a more complete picture of the disease and of the single patient.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

The classification of anxiety disorders in current and future classifications.

Comments are made on the main categories by which specific states of morbid anxiety are classified in the ICD-9, ICD-10, DSM-III and DSM-III-R. The latest classifications, ICD-10 and DSM-III-R, contain many more such categories than ICD-9, and although they differ in the priority given to panic versus agoraphobia, the content is very largely similar. ICD-10 contains several categories of special interest to mental health workers in developing countries and primary health care.

Anxiety Disorders↗

PubMed1988

An International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity: development of the classification of the late stages of retinopathy of prematurity.

In another publication [6], an agenda for ROP was outlined for the future. High on that list was the completion of the task of classifying ROP. This has been accomplished, but it is obvious that no classification is any better than the use to which it is put. This is the case with this work. Its implementation in a prospective, controlled trial of surgical therapy of end-stage ROP will more than justify the labors of all who participated in its development.

Anterior Eye Segment↗

PubMed1979

Classification of animal lymphomas: the implications of applying Rappaport's classification for human lymphomas to experimental tumors.

One hundred and seventy animal lymphomas (species ranging from molluses to monkeys) were reclassified histologically according to the modified Rappaport classification for human lymphomas. The results were correlated with the etiology of the lymphomas, their clinical course, and in selected cases with their immunological type. The study stresses the value of such a procedure for comparative reasons, allowing a more adequate selection of animal models for human lymphomas.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

Classification of acute non-lymphocytic leukemia according to the distribution picture of peroxidase activity and cell size: correlation between the classification and therapeutic response.

A distribution picture was prepared on the basis of the correlation between peroxidase activity and cell size in leukemic cells using an automated leukocyte differential counter (Hemalog-D). From this, acute nonlymphocytic leukemia was classified into three groups in which the therapeutic response was examined. The leukemic cells of Group I were medium or large and were negative or weakly positive to peroxidase. These cells were characterized by their location in the upper part of the normal lymphocyte distribution. The leukocyte differential count, measured by a computer on the basis of the distribution picture, showed an increase in large unstained cells (LUC) and lymphocytes. The leukemic cells of Group II were large and positive to peroxidase and were characterized by their location in the right upper part, across the region of LUC, monocytes, basophil and neutrophil leukocytes as seen in the distribution picture. The findings of Hemalog-D showed an increase in LUC, remainder and neutrophil leukocytes. The leukemic cells of Group III were medium-sized and moderately or strongly positive to peroxidase. This group was characterized by their location in the lower part of normal neutrophil leukocytes and Hemalog-D showed an increase in neutrophil leukocytes. A total of 71 patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia were assessed according to this classification. Group I (14 patients): 11 with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), 2 with acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL) and 1 with acute myelomonocytic leukemia ( AMMoL ); Group II (17 patients): 7 with AML and 10 with AMoL; Group III (40 patients): 28 with AML, 4 with AMoL, 1 with AMMoL and 7 with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). These groups were treated with the protocol (DCMP two step, BH-AC DMP, BH-AC AMP) established by the Yamada Leukemia Study Group of the Japan Welfare Ministry Cancer Research Project (chairman Yamada, K). The complete remission rate was 35.7% in Group I, 58.8% in Group II and 85.0% in Group III. The difference between Groups I and III was statistically significant (P less than 0.005), as was the difference between Groups II and III (P less than 0.1), while that between Groups I and II was not significant. The median survival was 12 months in Group I, 9 months in Group II and 15 months in the Group III and the difference between Groups I and III was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Group III included a small number of AMoL and APL patients in addition to AML, while Groups I and II consisted mainly of patients with AMoL and AML.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

[Myocardial diseases: their etiology, nomenclature and classification (apropos of the classification of noncoronarogenic myocardial lesions published in Kardiologiia No. 5, 1978)].

The main forms of "noncoronarogenous" diseases of the heart muscle and the problems of their nomenclature are discussed, an attempt is made in particular to determine the borderline between the concepts of "myocardial dystrophy" and "cardiomyopathy". The article also deals with the role of infections in the origin of inflammatory processes in the heart muscle (myocarditis) and its dystrophy. A conclusion is drawn on the expediency, from the standpoint of nomenclature, to designate the pathological condition of the myocardium in the course of an infectious disease only by the term "myocarditis". The relation between "primary cardiomyopathies" and Fiedler's idiopathic myocarditis is discussed. The possible role of virus infection in the origin of the indicated forms of myocardial diseases is considered. The classification of noncoronarogenous myocardial lesions published in Kardiologia (1978, No. 5) is discussed. The author of the present article thinks that it may be appraised quite favourably on the whole, and also makes some remarks.

Cardiomyopathies↗

PubMed1994

[Classification and prognosis of supravesical urothelioma with the new TNM classification].

We report on 149 patients with supravesical urothelioma (transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract) treated in our hospital during the years 1967-1991. The introduction shows the distribution of sex and age as well as the localization of the tumor. Main topic of this paper is a new definition of the clinical pathology of supravesical urothelioma by means of the TNM classification published 1987. Based on the pathological pioneer work of P. Hermanek our results are as follows: during the first diagnosis pT3 predominates with 30.2%, followed by pT1 with 25.5% and pTa, pT1 and pT4 with a relatively low incidence. G2 predominates with 47.7%; G1 and G3 have almost the same frequency. The G/pT ratio shows a decreasing linearity for G1 from pTa to pT4; for G2 there is equivalence of pT1-pT3; and pTa and pT4 are relatively rare. With respect to G3, pT3 predominates with 51%, followed by pT4, pT1 and finally pTa with zero frequency. The G/M ratio shows M0 only for G1, 10% M positive for G2 and 15% M positive for G3. The 10-year survival rate for patients with R0 resection and stage pTa is 64% and for pT1-pT4, 33-36%. The 10-year survival rate for patients with G1 tumor is 51%, and that for G3 tumors 30%. Multicentric occurrence and carcinoma in situ have no prognostic significance in our sample. As is well known, papillary growth has a better prognosis than solid infiltration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1994

[A new classification for congenital hydrocephalus [perspective classification of congenital hydrocephalus (PCCH)] and postnatal prognosis (Part 3). Neuronal maturation process and prognosis in neonatal hydrocephalus].

Seventy cases of neonatal hydrocephalus were analyzed regarding the prognosis using the newly developed concept, namely "Perspective Classification of Congenital Hydrocephalus [PCCH]". The results revealed that the prognosis of premature-neonatal hydrocephalus is not necessarily poor even in the early periods of the neuronal maturation (PCCH Stage- II/III). It was suggested that the major underlying pathophysiological difference between the premature-neonatal and fetal hydrocephalus in the same stage of neuronal maturation is the intracranial pressure dynamics. It was concluded that the fetal hydrocephalus should be treated in the early period of neuronal maturation as the form of neonatal hydrocephalus to avoid the insult of such high intracranial pressure dynamics in utero.

Fetal Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A proposed classification of inguinocrural hernias. The classification of hernias in the inguinal and crural regions in the adult as a function of their surgical therapy].

Surgery for the treatment of inguinal and femoral hernias has recent years acquired numerous increasingly modern, innovative techniques. This has been possible thanks modern, innovative techniques. This has been possible thanks to the introduction of prosthetic material which is better tolerated by the tissues and to the utilization of new ways of approach. A new method of hernia classification, no longer based on anatomical criteria but on a broader evaluation which takes multiple aspects into account, is now needed to decide on valid criteria for choice of operation, at the same time expressing themselves in a common language which will allow the results to the verified.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

Is the Durie and Salmon diagnostic classification system for plasma cell dyscrasias still the best choice? Application of three classification systems to a large population-based registry of paraproteinemia and multiple myeloma.

There are a number of systems for diagnosing multiple myeloma, myeloma variants and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. We compared three systems, those according to Durie and Salmon, to Kyle and Greipp, and to the British Columbia Cancer Agency, using material from a population-based registry of 847 patients with a paraproteinemia or multiple myeloma. Of these, 157 underwent both bone marrow and X-ray examinations and were subsequently included in our analysis. The differences between the systems were small, even though in only 64% of the cases the diagnosis according to all three systems was identical. The system used by the British Columbia Cancer Agency turned out to be the shortest and easiest system reviewed here. We propose a more frequent application of this system instead of the more commonly used Durie and Salmon and Kyle and Greipp criteria.

Adult↗

PubMed1982