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For a region in the Federal Republic of Germany, some important indicators for procedures and outcomes of the care of myocardial infarction patients have been demonstrated. The study was restricted to patients under 65 years of age and was based on routine data from the health insurance fund. Length of stay in the hospital was more than five weeks. Half of the patients who underwent coronary angiography coronary bypass surgery had to wait longer than three or five months, respectively, for the procedure. Half of the patients who were treated in a rehabilitation clinic had to wait more than two weeks elapsed after discharge from the acute care hospital. Utilization of this type of service was about 75% for patients who were employed before the infarction compared to only about 15% for patients who had already been retired from work. Only about half of the men under 60 years returned to work after their infarction. Half of the patients were still disabled after nine months after onset of disease. The study was part of a project for the development of care for patients with myocardial infarction in that region. It turned out that routine data are effective for the description of the situation. Studies of this type can be repeated in other regions with comparable little effort.
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The acetylcholine receptor has been effectively solubilized from Torpedo californica electroplax under defined conditions with the nonionic detergent, beta-D-octylglucopyranoside. Preferential solubilization of the receptor protein, with regard to yield and specific alpha-bungarotoxin binding activity, occurs in the absence of salt and diminishes when NaCl is present in the solubilization media (greater than or equal to 50 mM). Conversely, elevated salt concentrations increase the solubilization of bulk membrane proteins including the peripheral membrane enzyme, acetylcholine esterase. Additional selectivity for the solubilization of acetylcholine receptor can be obtained by adjusting the detergent to membrane phospholipid molar ratio within a narrow optimum range (4.1 to 6.7). Purified acetylcholine receptor and electroplax total lipid are utilized to reconstitute chemically excitable membrane vesicles. Reconstitution is achieved by dialysis of octylglucopyranoside from lipid/detergent/receptor protein mixed micelles and the resulting vesicles are analyzed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Extensive incorporation of the acetylcholine receptor within the lipid vesicles is obtained at lipid concentrations greater than 18 mg/ml with lipid/protein ratios ranging from 12/1 to 60/1 (w/w). Reconstituted receptor vesicles and native receptor-enriched membranes exhibit similar agonist-induced effluxes of 22Na+ with 50% of the maximum response occurring at carbamylcholine concentrations of 1.8 X 10(-5)M and 3.4 X 10(-5)M, respectively. At saturating carbamylcholine concentrations (10(-2)M) the agonist-induced efflux of 22Na+ for both native and reconstituted acetylcholine receptor is (6-7) X 10(13) cpm 22Na+ per mol of receptor. The efflux responses exhibited by either preparation can be effectively blocked by preincubation with carbamylcholine ('desensitization'). The similar behavior of native and reconstituted acetylcholine receptor indicates that octylglucopyranoside-purified receptor retains all of the necessary determinants for proper ligand binding and ion translocation.
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In response to I. Kirsch and S.J. Lynn's (1998) review of dissociation theories of hypnosis, the authors discuss the role of theory in current hypnosis research. In addition, they show how the 2 dissociation theories, as well as an alternative sociocognitive theory, can be integrated into a dual-system model of action (D.A. Norman & T. Shallice, 1986). Finally, they argue that the essence of dissociation theory does not necessarily rely on special mechanisms, such as the amnesic barrier and hidden observer, which Kirsch and Lynn critiqued.
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The purpose of this statistical review (based on 90 acute SCI admissions into the Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Basle in 1979), is to give, in the form of an evaluation, consideration to the social and vocational significance of the patients' disability. Seventy patients (77.8 per cent), are working or will work, (of 35 tetraplegics, 25, of 55 paraplegics, 45); and 67.8 per cent drive a car. So far as marital status is concerned there have been no significant changes as yet. The important question of resettlement was ideally solved in 80 per cent of patients. The improvement of education following injury was in general relatively limited. Twenty-five per cent reported that they have improved their education subsequent to their disability, these coming from the group having initially more than basic education. Socio-economic conditions of our patients are satisfactory. Cases of hardship have been substantially supported by the Swiss Paraplegic Foundation.